Another Crisis for the Food Supply Chain: Not Enough CO2

SupplyChainBrain
23 Jan 202309:50

Summary

TLDR视频中讨论了二氧化碳(CO2)短缺对食品供应链的影响。由于密西西比州杰克逊附近的一座死火山是高品质CO2的重要来源,其供应对石油和食品工业至关重要。然而,近期的重新钻探导致该源头受到污染,导致供应量大幅下降。CO2的大部分供应来自其他工业的副产品,如乙醇、氨和天然气生产。疫情导致的制造厂关闭进一步加剧了CO2短缺,影响了包括米勒康胜和安海斯布希在内的啤酒制造商。除了用于啤酒生产,CO2还用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏等。随着需求的增加,供应却未能跟上,导致一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。解决这一问题的方法包括提高CO2的回收和再利用技术,以及风险管理和供应链规划。尽管存在挑战,但短期内供应紧张的局面预计仍将持续,特别是在夏季需求高峰期间。此外,讨论还涉及了大气中CO2水平上升与工业CO2短缺之间的讽刺关系,以及创建封闭循环供应链以减少对环境的影响的可持续性问题。

Takeaways

  • 🌋 **密西西比州的死火山对CO2供应的影响**:死火山提供的高质量CO2因污染而供应骤降,影响多个行业。
  • 🔄 **CO2的来源**:除了火山,工业CO2主要来自乙醇生产,氨生产和天然气生产。
  • 📉 **疫情期间的CO2短缺**:由于工厂关闭,导致乙醇生产的CO2副产品供应不足,影响包装行业。
  • 🚀 **CO2在食品供应链中的用途**:用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏等。
  • 📈 **需求变化**:过去10年中,对CO2的需求不断增加,尤其是随着大麻产业的增长。
  • 🔍 **供应紧张**:CO2供应一直紧张,疫情后出现更显著的中断,一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而关闭。
  • 💹 **成本上升**:短期内,为了生存和供应产品,公司不得不支付比平常多三四倍的CO2费用。
  • 🔧 **技术解决方案**:公司正在寻求技术解决方案,如购买回收设备,以回收自己的发酵过程中的CO2。
  • 📝 **风险管理**:公司正在加强风险和应急计划,考虑第二和第三供应源,以防主要供应中断。
  • 🔥 **季节性需求**:夏季对CO2的需求增加,因为啤酒和饮料销量上升,需要更多的干冰和CO2来保鲜和冷藏。
  • 🌱 **可持续性问题**:存在关于CO2回收和创建闭环供应链的学术讨论,以减少对大气中CO2排放的影响。

Q & A

  • 密西西比州的一座死火山如何影响二氧化碳的供应?

    -密西西比州杰克逊附近的死火山提供了一个高品质二氧化碳的来源,供石油工业和其他依赖CO2的工业使用。最近在该火山的重新钻探过程中,他们污染了自己的CO2来源,导致供应量大幅下降。

  • 除了密西西比州的火山,还有哪些其他自然来源可以提供CO2?

    -除了密西西比州的火山,像犹他州和科罗拉多州等地也有类似的死火山可以提供CO2。但大多数工业用CO2实际上来自乙醇生产。

  • 为什么食品供应链需要大量的CO2?

    -食品供应链需要CO2用于多种用途,包括包装、干冰需求、保持肉类等食品在冷却状态下,以及运输疫苗时的冷藏需求。

  • CO2短缺对工业来说是一个新问题吗?

    -CO2供应一直比较紧张,但自COVID-19疫情以来,过去三年中出现了更多戏剧性的中断,有些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。

  • 像Miller Coors这样的大酿酒商能回收和再利用多少CO2?

    -具体的回收数量不清楚,但可以肯定的是,回收的CO2与从火山中获取的CO2在质量上存在差异,这可能会影响啤酒的口感和风味。

  • 面对CO2短缺,工业有哪些应对措施?

    -短期内,成本上升被转嫁给了最终消费者,导致产品价格上涨。长期来看,公司正在寻找技术解决方案,比如购买回收设备来回收自己的发酵过程中产生的CO2。

  • CO2短缺问题预计会持续多久?

    -由于资源有限,供应在未来两到三年内预计仍将紧张。此外,CO2需求还存在季节性变化,比如夏季啤酒和饮料需求增加时,CO2需求也会上升。

  • 大气中CO2水平上升和CO2短缺之间是否存在讽刺意味?

    -这两者是分开的问题。一些公司认为,通过回收和创建封闭的供应链循环,不向大气中释放CO2,或者从火山获取CO2后不释放到大气中,是一个更可持续的做法。

  • 为什么食品工业获取CO2主要是作为其他工业的副产品?

    -食品工业获取CO2主要是因为大部分CO2供应是乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气生产的副产品,尤其是食品级CO2。

  • 为什么小规模的精酿啤酒厂难以回收CO2?

    -小规模的精酿啤酒厂通常没有大型公司如Miller Coors那样的技术和设备来回收CO2,因此他们无法进行大量的CO2回收和再利用。

  • CO2短缺对小型精酿啤酒厂有什么影响?

    -小型精酿啤酒厂可能会面临更高的CO2成本,因为他们无法像大型啤酒厂那样回收和再利用CO2,这可能会导致他们的生产成本上升。

  • 公司如何进行风险和应急规划以应对CO2短缺?

    -公司需要进行供应链管理,制定风险计划,考虑第二和第三供应源的可能性。即使在火山管道上,也应该有备用供应商,以防主要供应源出现问题。

Outlines

00:00

🌋 密西西比州死火山对二氧化碳供应的影响

在田纳西大学诺克斯维尔哈斯勒姆商学院供应链管理系主任约翰·贝尔的讨论中,我们了解到密西西比州杰克逊附近的一个死火山是高纯度二氧化碳的重要来源,对石油工业和其他依赖CO2的行业至关重要。然而,近期在火山中重新钻探导致其自身污染,从而造成了供应的大幅下降。由于大多数CO2供应是其他工业的副产品,如乙醇、氨和天然气生产,因此失去主要供应源对整个行业产生了连锁反应。此外,还讨论了其他自然来源,如犹他州和科罗拉多州的死火山,以及工业CO2主要来自乙醇生产。约翰还提到,自20世纪70年代初以来,杰克逊圆顶区域一直用于捕获CO2,以促进石油回收,其中80%的CO2用于此目的。食品工业作为次要客户,通过管道系统从杰克逊密西西比州到油田的大约1300英里的管道获取CO2。

05:00

🍺 食品加工和供应链对CO2需求的增长

食品加工和供应链对CO2的需求多种多样,包括用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏需求等。近年来,需求发生了显著变化,特别是在大麻产业中,对CO2的需求大幅增加。然而,供应并没有相应增长,仍然是其他工业的副产品。讨论还涉及了CO2短缺问题,自COVID-19疫情以来,由于制造厂关闭,导致乙醇生产的CO2副产品供应减少,影响了装瓶行业。小型手工酿酒厂由于技术和设备限制,无法像大型公司如Miller Coors那样回收利用CO2,这影响了他们的生产成本和产品质量。目前,行业正在通过提高产品价格和寻求技术解决方案来应对短缺问题,如购买回收设备和改进供应链管理。约翰·贝尔预测,未来两到三年内供应将持续紧张,并强调了风险规划和应急计划的重要性。此外,还讨论了CO2短缺与大气中CO2水平上升和全球变暖之间的关系,以及一些公司采取的可持续做法,如创建封闭循环供应链,减少对环境的影响。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡二氧化碳(CO2)

二氧化碳是一种无色无味的气体,化学式为CO2,是地球大气中的一种重要成分。在视频中,二氧化碳的短缺对食品供应链产生了影响,因为它被广泛用于食品和饮料的包装、干冰制造以及作为啤酒和苏打水生产中的原料。例如,视频中提到,由于密西西比州的一座死火山的二氧化碳供应受到污染,导致了供应量的大幅下降。

💡供应链管理

供应链管理是指对产品从生产到消费的整个流程进行规划、执行、监控和优化的过程。在视频中,供应链管理专家John Bell讨论了二氧化碳短缺对食品供应链的影响,以及如何通过风险规划和供应链管理来应对这一挑战。

💡死火山

死火山是指那些长时间内没有喷发且被认为未来也不会喷发的火山。视频中提到的密西西比州的死火山是一个高纯度二氧化碳的来源,对工业尤其是食品和饮料行业至关重要。然而,由于重新钻探过程中的污染,这个重要的二氧化碳来源受到了影响。

💡食品级二氧化碳

食品级二氧化碳是指符合食品安全标准的二氧化碳,可以用于食品和饮料的生产过程中。视频中提到,乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气生产过程中产生的二氧化碳是食品级二氧化碳的主要来源,这些二氧化碳对于食品包装和保鲜至关重要。

💡工业二氧化碳

工业二氧化碳是指用于工业生产过程中的二氧化碳,它通常来源于工业副产品,如乙醇和氨的生产。视频中讨论了工业二氧化碳的来源,以及如何通过回收和再利用来应对供应短缺的问题。

💡干冰

干冰是固态的二氧化碳,在视频中提到,它在食品供应链中有多种用途,包括作为运输过程中的冷却剂,以保持食品的新鲜度。干冰的使用随着季节变化而变化,夏季对干冰的需求会增加。

💡回收利用

回收利用是指将使用过的材料或副产品进行再加工,以便再次使用。在视频中,讨论了通过回收利用二氧化碳来缓解供应短缺的问题,尤其是大型酿酒公司如Miller Coors能够回收和再利用他们在生产过程中产生的二氧化碳。

💡风险规划

风险规划是指企业或组织为了应对潜在的风险和不确定性而制定的策略和措施。视频中提到,由于二氧化碳供应的不确定性,公司需要进行风险规划,考虑第二和第三供应源,以确保业务的连续性。

💡可持续性

可持续性涉及在不损害未来代际满足自身需求的能力的情况下满足当前需求。视频中讨论了二氧化碳短缺问题与大气中二氧化碳水平上升和全球变暖之间的关系,以及如何通过创建封闭循环供应链来减少对环境的影响。

💡季节性需求

季节性需求指的是某些产品或服务在一年中的特定季节需求增加。视频中提到,随着夏季的到来,啤酒和饮料的需求增加,从而导致对二氧化碳和干冰的需求上升,这对食品供应链构成了挑战。

💡价格上涨

价格上涨是指商品或服务的价格上升。在视频中,由于二氧化碳供应短缺,导致其价格飙升,企业不得不支付比平时高得多的价格来获取二氧化碳,以维持生产和供应。

Highlights

密西西比州的一座死火山为石油工业和其他依赖CO2的行业提供了高质量的二氧化碳来源。

重新钻探该火山时,他们污染了自己的CO2来源,导致供应量突然大幅下降。

大多数CO2供应是乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气生产的副产品,尤其是食品级CO2。

除了密西西比州的火山,犹他州和科罗拉多州等地也有类似的死火山作为CO2的来源。

自COVID-19疫情以来,由于安全原因关闭了全国的制造厂,导致乙醇生产的副产品CO2供应受到影响。

Jackson Dome地区自20世纪70年代初就开始捕获CO2,主要用于油井加速石油回收。

在西南部有大约1300英里的管道网络,将密西西比州杰克逊的CO2输送到油田。

食品加工和供应链需要大量CO2,用途包括包装、干冰需求,以及疫苗运输等。

过去10年中,随着大麻产业的增长,对CO2的需求也在增加。

自COVID-19以来,CO2供应出现了越来越严重的中断,一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。

小型手工酿酒厂由于技术和设备限制,无法像大型公司那样回收利用CO2。

大型酿酒厂如Miller Coors可以回收利用CO2,但回收的CO2与火山来源的CO2在质量上存在差异。

CO2的质量会影响最终产品的口味,因此酿酒商在选择CO2来源时需要非常小心。

短期内,CO2短缺的问题很多被转嫁给了最终消费者,导致产品价格大幅上涨。

长期来看,公司正在寻找技术解决方案,比如购买回收设备来回收自己的发酵过程中的CO2。

风险和应急计划对于CO2供应变得非常重要,公司需要考虑第二和第三供应源。

未来两三年内,CO2供应预计将继续保持紧张状态,并且存在季节性需求变化。

尽管大气中CO2水平上升导致全球变暖,但工业CO2短缺和大气CO2增加是两个独立的问题。

一些公司认为,创建封闭循环供应链,回收利用CO2,减少向大气中释放CO2是更可持续的做法。

Transcripts

play00:00

[Music]

play00:00

foreign

play00:08

for the food supply chain and not enough

play00:10

carbon dioxide CO2 John Bell is head of

play00:14

the Department of Supply Chain

play00:15

management at the University of

play00:17

Tennessee Knoxville's Haslem College of

play00:19

Business hi John hi Robert how are you

play00:22

doing thanks for having me and thanks

play00:24

for being with me John how can an

play00:26

extinct volcano in Mississippi impact

play00:29

the availability of CO2

play00:31

well what's interesting about that

play00:33

extinct volcano near Jackson Mississippi

play00:35

is that it provides a very high quality

play00:39

source of carbon dioxide to both the oil

play00:41

industry and to other industries that

play00:43

depend on co2 and so in some recent uh

play00:47

re-drilling and trying to make some new

play00:49

uh holes there in the ground in the

play00:51

volcano they actually contaminated their

play00:54

own source and so one of the large

play00:57

sources kind of got contaminated and all

play00:59

of a sudden we saw a huge drop in Supply

play01:01

and that wouldn't be a problem except

play01:05

that the majority of the CO2 Supply is a

play01:08

byproduct from other Industries and so

play01:11

it's the ethanol production the ammonia

play01:14

production the natural gas production

play01:16

that produces CO2 that is food grade in

play01:20

particular and so when we lose a major

play01:23

source of Supply it ripples across

play01:25

Industries and we can't just double or

play01:28

triple that Supply overnight what other

play01:31

natural sources other than this

play01:33

particular volcano are good sources for

play01:35

CO2

play01:36

well we've got a couple other natural

play01:39

extinct volcanoes that are similar to

play01:40

that in places like Utah and Colorado

play01:42

but what you'll find is the majority of

play01:45

your industrial CO2 really comes from

play01:47

ethanol production and and I started

play01:49

tracking shortages in CO2 back in covid

play01:53

because what happened was we started

play01:56

shutting down manufacturing plants

play01:58

Across the Nation for safety because of

play02:00

the of the virus not realizing that a

play02:03

secondary byproduct of ethanol was the

play02:06

CO2 that companies like Miller Coors and

play02:10

Anheuser imbev use and so all of a

play02:13

sudden our bottling industry got

play02:15

impacted real quickly

play02:16

because we didn't understand what that

play02:19

side effect would be I see so has co2

play02:22

have been captured by these products by

play02:25

these processes for a long time has that

play02:26

always been or long been a source of CO2

play02:29

for industry

play02:30

yeah absolutely that's uh Jackson Dome

play02:33

area I think goes back to the early

play02:34

1970s and and again their primary

play02:37

purpose is to capture CO2 to put into

play02:41

oil wells for expedited oil recovery so

play02:44

80 of the CO2 they capture approximately

play02:48

goes into oil recovery and so you're

play02:51

still kind of a byproduct if you're in

play02:54

the food industry getting carbon dioxide

play02:57

from them and so

play02:59

uh definitely something's been

play03:01

established a long time and uh there are

play03:04

pipelines all over the Southwest about

play03:07

1300 miles of pipelines that move that

play03:09

carbon dioxide from Jackson Mississippi

play03:12

out to the oil fields so if you're a

play03:14

beer manufacturer and you happen to be

play03:16

somewhere along that pipeline perhaps

play03:18

you can tap into that as a source but

play03:21

you're not their primary customer I see

play03:23

well why does the food processing and

play03:25

the food supply chain need so much CO2

play03:28

what are what kind of uses are we seeing

play03:29

there well there's a lot of uses Beyond

play03:33

oil recovery and Beyond making beer

play03:36

right we have packaging we have dry ice

play03:39

requirements we've seen a lot of changes

play03:42

in demand recently so that package be

play03:44

fed Tyson or it could be a meat that has

play03:48

to be kept at a at a cool stage uses the

play03:51

dry ice uh the vaccines that we're

play03:54

shipping need to be kept cold and so

play03:57

there are a lot of different increasing

play03:58

requirements in demand for CO2 we've

play04:02

even seen this with the with the growing

play04:05

marijuana industry that they need a lot

play04:08

of CO2 in their industry so demand has

play04:11

changed a lot over the last 10 years but

play04:15

again the supply has not and the supply

play04:18

is still a byproduct from other

play04:19

Industries yeah so it's just a

play04:22

relatively recent problem a CO2 shortage

play04:24

for the for the Industries or has it

play04:25

gone supplies gone up and down have we

play04:27

seen this problem emerge in the past

play04:29

I think there's always been a tight

play04:31

Supply and there have been times where

play04:33

there have been disruptions in it but

play04:35

since covid the last three years we've

play04:37

seen more and more dramatic disruptions

play04:40

we're at the point now where there's

play04:42

been breweries in the country that have

play04:43

had to shut down for lack of CO2 and so

play04:47

that's been kind of dramatic to see in

play04:50

the news and um a lot of it I think is

play04:54

the bottling industry in the beer

play04:56

industry has changed dramatically itself

play04:58

we have a lot of small craft Brewers now

play05:00

apparently 25 of the money that's made

play05:03

in breweries now is going to small craft

play05:06

breweries well they don't have the

play05:08

technology and the equipment they can't

play05:10

afford it to do a lot of the recycling

play05:12

of the CO2 that a big company like

play05:14

Miller Coors could do so like what

play05:17

percentage I don't know if there's a

play05:19

hard number here but a sophisticated uh

play05:22

Brewer like Miller cores how much CO2

play05:24

can they recapture and recycle for reuse

play05:27

you know offhand I'm not sure how much

play05:30

they can recapture I do know however

play05:33

that it's not always the same as what

play05:36

you get from the volcano and so there's

play05:38

some quality differences here you can

play05:40

recapture that CO2 and you can use it in

play05:44

your lines to clear the the beer you can

play05:47

use it in your packaging but whatever

play05:49

you put in that beer can can actually

play05:51

impact the taste and the flavor yeah

play05:53

yeah so you could put nitrogen in there

play05:56

but it actually makes the beer creamy

play05:58

and if you're a brewer especially a

play06:01

craft Brewer it's like an art form and

play06:03

so they got to be really careful where

play06:05

they're getting their CO2 and the

play06:07

quality of it because it impacts the

play06:08

taste of the final product so sourcing

play06:11

just determining where you get it

play06:14

recycling when possible those sound like

play06:16

somewhat of solutions but generally how

play06:19

it how is the industry coping short of

play06:21

having to shut down entire breweries are

play06:23

there other Solutions at hand that can

play06:25

allow them to weather this shortage

play06:27

right now

play06:29

well unfortunately a lot of it is being

play06:31

passed over to the end consumer in terms

play06:33

of short-term product increases right I

play06:36

mean we are seeing huge pipes price

play06:39

price increases and spikes where

play06:41

companies are having to pay three four

play06:43

times more than what they're used to for

play06:46

CO2 in the short term to to survive and

play06:49

keep providing product to their

play06:52

customers in the long term I would

play06:54

definitely say that companies are

play06:56

looking into the technological solution

play06:59

we see a lot more interest in small

play07:01

companies getting loans actually trying

play07:03

to buy what they call the recovery

play07:05

equipment to recover carbon dioxide in

play07:09

their own fermentation processes there

play07:10

in the beer industry

play07:13

um a lot of it's good Supply Chain

play07:15

management do you have a risk plan have

play07:17

you looked at what your second and third

play07:20

sources of Supply could be perhaps it

play07:23

makes sense to not have a source

play07:25

supplier even if you are on that

play07:27

pipeline from the volcano you know

play07:30

because what happens if it goes down and

play07:32

uh so I think risk and contingency

play07:34

planning around CO2 has become a really

play07:38

big issue in the last three or four

play07:40

months for companies can we expect this

play07:42

problem to extend into the future near

play07:43

future or far future I mean it's going

play07:45

to is going to grow worse going to stay

play07:47

the same what do you think

play07:49

um I don't see um a very

play07:52

big flexibility in terms of let's just

play07:55

go out and make a whole bunch of new

play07:56

extinct volcanoes right those limited

play07:59

resources are just limited and very

play08:02

similarly they're the F and we're not

play08:04

going to just create a whole bunch more

play08:05

ethanol plants to produce more CO2 for

play08:07

us that doesn't you know make sense

play08:09

we're a byproducts situation so yes I

play08:13

think Supply is going to continue to be

play08:14

tight for the next two to three years

play08:16

the other thing to understand is it's

play08:18

seasonal that during the summer months

play08:20

when beer and beverages are really

play08:23

raging we see increases in demand very

play08:25

similar as temperatures go up we need

play08:28

more dry ice we need more CO2 for good

play08:31

packaging to keep things fresh and keep

play08:34

them cold and so we have a seasonal

play08:36

effect that we could be right back in

play08:38

the same place next summer if we're not

play08:39

careful

play08:40

I wonder if there's some irony in the

play08:43

fact that we're talking about CO2

play08:44

shortages at a time when CO2 levels in

play08:47

the atmosphere are rising and causing

play08:48

global warming I guess those two are

play08:50

separate issues right cannot uh be well

play08:53

you know and that's that's actually an

play08:55

academic debate on what is the impact of

play08:58

taking CO2 out of the ground and putting

play09:01

it into beverages are you now

play09:02

contributing to the emissions are out

play09:06

there in fact this is why some companies

play09:08

think it's a better idea to do the

play09:10

recovery and create a a closed-loop

play09:13

supply chain and try not to release

play09:14

carbon dioxide into the atmosphere or

play09:17

even get carbon dioxide from a volcano

play09:20

and release it into the atmosphere and

play09:23

so yeah there there is a sustainability

play09:25

issue here as well

play09:26

what an interesting angle that a lot of

play09:29

people don't know about outside of the

play09:30

industry at least John Bell thank you

play09:32

very much for educating me on the issue

play09:34

of the CO2 shortage in industry and what

play09:36

might be done about it thank you very

play09:38

much for being with me today really

play09:39

appreciate it all right Robert thank you

Rate This

5.0 / 5 (0 votes)

Related Tags
二氧化碳食品供应链技术创新供应链管理工业影响环境问题资源短缺可持续发展工业生产全球变暖
Do you need a summary in English?