When Will the Vehicle Supply Chain Recover?

SupplyChainBrain
15 Mar 202209:11

Summary

TLDR在这段对话中,田纳西大学全球供应链研究所执行董事Shea Scott与Bob讨论了当前汽车供应链的状况。Scott指出,由于芯片短缺等问题,汽车行业仍面临严峻挑战,且短期内没有缓解迹象。他解释说,疫情期间汽车制造商大幅削减了芯片需求,导致芯片制造商将资源重新分配给其他产品,从而加剧了当前的困境。Scott还提到,除了芯片短缺,港口拥堵、卡车司机短缺等问题也对汽车行业产生了影响。此外,供应链问题导致新车和二手车价格上涨,消费者面临选择有限。Scott预测,这些问题可能需要一年以上的时间才能解决,这可能意味着汽车供应链将面临长期且根本性的改变。

Takeaways

  • 🚗 目前汽车供应链仍面临挑战,尤其是芯片短缺问题导致福特等汽车制造商不得不暂时关闭设施。
  • 📉 芯片短缺问题并非全国性问题,而是根据各汽车制造商与供应商的关系以及他们获取供应和优先级的能力而异。
  • 🔄 疫情初期,汽车制造商大幅削减了预测,导致芯片供应中断,而芯片制造商则将供应重新分配给其他需求增长的产品。
  • 🚀 丰田等有远见的公司通过提前购买芯片在问题初期受影响较小,但目前也开始面临芯片短缺问题。
  • 🚚 除了芯片短缺,汽车行业还受到港口拥堵、卡车司机短缺等供应链问题的影响。
  • 📈 新车和二手车价格因供应短缺而上涨,新车价格上升超过10%,二手车价格根据车型不同上涨约40%。
  • 🛍️ 消费者现在很难找到自己想要的车型,与过去相比,消费者现在更愿意为更少的选择支付更高的价格。
  • 🔍 一些汽车制造商,包括宝马等豪华品牌,开始减少或取消一些车型的触摸屏和其他高端功能。
  • 🏭 短期内,汽车行业面临的挑战主要是零件短缺,而长期来看,可能需要基础性的改变,如新的供应设施或汽车设计的重构。
  • ⏳ 尽管汽车生产商预计年底前会有所缓解,但芯片制造商对此持保留态度,预计至少未来12个月这些问题仍将持续。
  • 🤔 汽车行业领导者正在探索多种解决方案,包括与芯片制造商合作增加供应,以及考虑汽车设计的改变,但目前尚不清楚最终结果如何。

Q & A

  • 当前汽车供应链面临的最大挑战是什么?

    -当前汽车供应链面临的最大挑战是半导体芯片的短缺,这导致了包括福特在内的多家汽车制造商不得不闲置设施。

  • 为什么汽车制造商在芯片供应上遇到了问题?

    -在疫情初期,汽车制造商大幅削减了芯片需求预测,从而退出了芯片供应链。芯片制造商随后将供应重新分配给了其他需求激增且利润更高的产品。

  • 丰田汽车在芯片短缺问题上的表现如何?

    -丰田汽车因有远见地提前购买芯片,在问题初期受影响较小。然而,随着时间的推移,即使是丰田也开始感受到芯片短缺的压力。

  • 除了芯片短缺,汽车行业还面临哪些供应链问题?

    -除了芯片短缺,汽车行业还受到港口拥堵、卡车和司机短缺等物流问题的影响。

  • 供应链问题对新车和二手车价格有何影响?

    -供应链问题导致新车价格上涨超过10%,二手车价格根据车型不同,同比上涨约40%。

  • 消费者在购车时面临哪些挑战?

    -消费者在购车时可能会发现难以找到所需的车型,而且可能没有定制选项,只能选择现车或者离开。

  • 汽车制造商在减少哪些功能以应对零件短缺?

    -一些汽车制造商,包括宝马在内,开始在一些车型中减少触摸屏的使用,而一些美国制造商则放弃了如加热座椅这样的标准配置。

  • 汽车制造商预计何时能缓解零件短缺问题?

    -汽车制造商预计到年底可能会有所缓解,但芯片制造商对此持保留态度,预计至少还需要12个月或更长时间来解决这些问题。

  • 当前的供应链问题是否会导致汽车供应链的永久性变化?

    -当前的问题可能会促使汽车供应链发生永久性变化,包括零件类型、汽车和零件的制造地点等。

  • 汽车行业领导者正在考虑哪些解决方案来应对供应链问题?

    -他们正在寻求芯片制造商增加供应、考虑设计变更,以及可能的制造地点调整等多种解决方案。

  • 对于当前的汽车供应链问题,消费者应如何应对?

    -鉴于当前供应链的不确定性,消费者可能需要考虑延长现有汽车的使用时间,而不是急于购买新车。

Outlines

00:00

🚗 汽车供应链现状讨论

在这段对话中,Bob与田纳西大学全球供应链研究所的执行董事Shea Scott教授讨论了当前汽车供应链的状况。他们讨论了汽车制造商面临的挑战,包括零部件和成品汽车的供应问题。特别指出了芯片短缺问题,这导致福特等汽车制造商不得不暂时关闭工厂。Shea Scott提到,汽车制造商在疫情初期大幅削减了芯片需求预测,导致芯片制造商将供应重新分配给其他产品,尤其是比汽车行业更有利可图的产品。此外,还提到了丰田等公司尽管采取了前瞻性措施,但仍然开始感受到芯片短缺的影响。

05:02

🔍 汽车行业面临的长期挑战

这段对话继续探讨了汽车行业的其他挑战,包括港口拥堵和卡车司机短缺等问题。讨论了这些因素如何影响新车和二手车的价格,以及消费者在购买时面临的选择限制。还提到了汽车制造商为了应对零部件短缺,开始减少一些车辆的豪华功能,如触摸屏和加热座椅等。Shea Scott教授还提到,尽管汽车制造商预计年底前会有所缓解,但芯片制造商对此并不乐观,预计至少在未来12个月内,这些问题仍将持续。最后,讨论了汽车供应链可能发生的长期变化,包括可能的重新设计和零部件供应的本地化。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡供应链

供应链指的是产品从生产到最终消费者手中的整个流程,包括原材料采购、生产制造、物流运输、分销和零售等环节。在视频中,供应链的稳定性和效率对于汽车行业尤为重要,因为它们直接影响到汽车的生产和分销。

💡芯片短缺

芯片短缺是指由于各种原因导致的半导体芯片供应不足。在视频中,芯片短缺对汽车行业产生了重大影响,导致多家汽车制造商不得不减产或暂停生产。

💡丰田

丰田是一家日本汽车制造商,以其高效的供应链管理和质量控制而闻名。视频中提到,即使像丰田这样有远见的公司,也难以避免当前芯片短缺带来的影响。

💡港口拥堵

港口拥堵是指由于各种原因(如物流瓶颈、货物堆积等)导致的港口货物处理能力下降。视频中提到,港口拥堵是影响汽车行业供应链的另一个因素,它增加了运输成本和时间。

💡汽车价格

汽车价格指的是汽车的售价,包括新车和二手车。视频中提到,由于供应链问题,新车和二手车的价格都出现了上涨,新车价格上涨超过10%,二手车价格同比上涨约40%。

💡汽车制造商

汽车制造商是指生产汽车的公司。视频中讨论了汽车制造商如何应对供应链问题,包括重新设计汽车以减少对芯片的依赖,或者寻找新的芯片供应商。

💡汽车特性

汽车特性指的是汽车的各种功能和配置,如触摸屏、加热座椅等。视频中提到,由于芯片短缺,一些汽车制造商不得不减少或取消某些车型的某些特性。

💡供应链管理

供应链管理是指对供应链中的物流、信息流和资金流进行协调和管理的过程。视频中强调了供应链管理在当前汽车行业中的重要性,特别是在应对芯片短缺和港口拥堵等问题时。

💡需求预测

需求预测是指对产品或服务未来需求的估计。视频中提到,汽车制造商在疫情初期大幅削减了需求预测,这导致了他们在芯片供应链中的位置被其他行业取代。

💡长期变化

长期变化指的是可能对行业产生持久影响的变化。视频中讨论了汽车供应链可能面临的长期变化,包括供应链的重新设计、汽车制造的本地化以及对汽车设计的根本性改变。

💡安全和可靠性

安全和可靠性是指产品在使用过程中的安全性和可信赖程度。视频中提到,汽车重新设计时需要考虑安全和可靠性,尤其是在减少芯片使用的情况下,需要确保汽车系统的安全运行。

Highlights

目前汽车供应链仍然面临挑战,尤其是芯片短缺问题。

福特等汽车制造商因零件短缺而暂时关闭工厂。

芯片短缺问题在全国范围内普遍存在,影响程度因制造商与供应商关系而异。

疫情初期汽车制造商大幅削减预测,导致芯片供应中断。

芯片制造商将供应重新分配给其他产品,因为这些产品的利润通常高于汽车行业。

丰田等具有前瞻性的公司也开始感受到芯片短缺的影响。

汽车行业同样受到港口拥堵、卡车司机短缺等供应链问题的影响。

供应链问题导致新车和二手车价格上涨。

消费者难以找到所需车型,市场供需失衡。

宝马等豪华品牌减少车辆功能,如触摸屏和加热座椅。

汽车制造商正在寻求解决方案,包括重新设计车辆和增加芯片产能。

芯片短缺问题可能需要12个月或更长时间才能解决。

汽车行业可能面临永久性的供应链变化。

汽车行业领导者正在探索多种解决方案,包括芯片制造商的本土化和车辆设计的变更。

未来汽车设计可能会减少芯片使用,提高质量和可靠性。

汽车行业需重新考虑供应链结构,以应对当前和未来的挑战。

Transcripts

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the state of the vehicle supply chain is

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the topic of my conversation today with

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shea scott he is executive director of

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the global supply chain institute and a

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member of the faculty of the department

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of marketing and supply chain management

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at the university of tennessee hello

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shay

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hi bob good to be with you today good to

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see you again thanks for being with me

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so our topic indeed is the state of the

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vehicle supply chain right now and and

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how do you think the supply chain is

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faring at the moment with regard to

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things like supplies of parts and for

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that matter finished automobiles as well

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uh well it's probably no surprise for me

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to say that we're still in a very uh

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challenging environment uh we've seen

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even in the last uh 24 hours that uh

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additional uh automakers such as ford uh

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have uh have further uh announced idling

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of facilities and uh and shortages of

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supplies particularly chips so we are

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still in the still in the thick of

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things no relief in sight at least in

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the short term uh where are the

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shortages most acute is it a nationwide

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problem or any particular area uh that

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is more serious

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still very much uh very much a national

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problem it does vary by uh by automaker

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and a lot of that just depends upon

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their own relationships with suppliers

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and their ability to find uh to find

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supply and prioritize themselves you

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know so much of this

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goes back uh to the uh to the very

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beginning of the pandemic when

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automakers

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decided that they

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were going to drastically cut forecast

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and they essentially just stepped out of

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line

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for chip supplies and then chip makers

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have reallocated those supplies toward

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burgeoning demand for other products

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which consequently is often more

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profitable than uh than the automotive

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industry and thus we still find

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ourselves in the pickle we're in yeah

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and i'm hearing that even those that had

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more foresight toyota is often cited as

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being one that made a lot of forward

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purchasing of chips and as a result at

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least at the beginning of this problem

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was less affected but now it's beginning

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to catch up with them as well is it not

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sure i mean you can only lock in so much

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uh so much supply so much buffer

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inventory and here we are you know a

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couple of years into this and um and

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even those to your points such as toyota

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are beginning to beginning to see these

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issues that really are going to require

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some some fundamental um

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rethinks in order for us to in order for

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us to to leave these issues whether it's

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a you know combination of redesign uh by

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by automotive manufacturers or uh or new

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capacity uh from uh from chipmakers so

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no no quick easy solutions yeah but i

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mean chips aren't the whole problem are

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they i mean just like every other

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industry that imports any amount of

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parts whatsoever the auto industry is

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equally affected by congestion and

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supply chain especially at ports and

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trucks and driver shortages so that's

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got to be an issue as well

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absolutely absolutely you know the the i

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think we've all been reminded how

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delicate of an ecosystem we live in uh

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whether we're in the automotive industry

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whether we're in another industry and

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and you know many of our supply chain

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processes uh had benefited from

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relatively stable predictable demand

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and

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and what we often assumed would be

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really unlimited or infinite supply

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and and of course those conditions have

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both changed now and and we've been uh

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out of equilibrium now for quite some

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time and and to your point it's specific

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shortages like chips but uh congestion

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which

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you know is easing to some degree but i

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don't know if it really matters whether

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they're 94 ships or 77 ships still off

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the coast of la long beach there's still

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um still a tremendous amount of

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congestion yeah i would imagine this has

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had a severe impact on the price that

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both new cars and used cars is that in

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fact the case

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absolutely uh we're seeing new car

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prices up uh over 10 percent uh used car

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prices depending on what you look at up

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about 40

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from a year ago

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um and and so just uh just tremendous uh

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upward price pressures and and shortages

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you know a lot of it is uh you know you

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you uh really can't find what what you

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want as a consumer a lot of times now

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and there again that's different than

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the world that we've become accustomed

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to where you know i just go online and i

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find exactly what i want and there are

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three people willing to sell it to me

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and i begin to negotiate on price not so

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much certainly there's no customization

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involved i want this in my car i want

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that you just if it's on the lot or

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available you either buy it or walk away

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but yeah it's not and we look at it we

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also look at at automakers that are from

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a from a consumer point of view going

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backwards from a feature standpoint you

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know we're seeing uh it was quite uh

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publicized quite a bit a couple of

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months ago bmw even in luxury models is

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backing off touch screens in some of

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their vehicles uh some of the some of

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the us manufacturers pulling away from

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things such as heated seats that had

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really become standard in many of the in

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many of models and and so there again

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not a not a uh

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not the normalcy that we're used to the

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feature aspect is some of that a

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function just of that they can't get the

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parts to make them or there are some

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safety concerns that have arisen too

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with drivers being distracted by using

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these incredibly complex on-board

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systems

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great question i mean i think the the

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short-term right now most of the

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shortages are driven by um

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by driven by part shortages

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those features being removed although

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granted there is the the overarching

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discussion around you know are our

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vehicles becoming too complex uh to to

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to integrated to distracting to drivers

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uh but uh but you know things such as

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heated seats those are uh a uh a luxury

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that that we've become familiar with and

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uh

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and and i think uh consumers uh are are

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showing that they're willing to to pay

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more for less though

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yeah well we've said that there has been

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no relief yet what do you see in the

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next year any chance of that or i mean

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it seems like a ship shortage is a

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long-term problem is there any hope for

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relief for relief for this industry in

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say the next year

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well first and foremost there's so many

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factors at work no one can really say

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with with assurance i think right now

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we're still seeing uh and hearing from

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automotive producers that they expect

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some relief by the end of this year

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however it's interesting that the

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chipmakers themselves are saying not so

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fast

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so as i look into the situation and read

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i think we've got at least another 12

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months

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of of these types of issues that we're

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in for if not longer because to your

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point some of these changes are really

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going to need to be foundational whether

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it's new supply and if so where do we

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build those facilities where does the

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capital come from or a re-engineering of

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the of the cars um

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uh design where the engineers had gotten

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used to sticking lots of cheap abundant

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chips everywhere

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certainly one can redesign the vehicle

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to have higher quality fewer chips that

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run systems but that requires uh the

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redesign and recertification process and

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then you know all of those safety and

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reliability concerns that you mentioned

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interesting point you come back

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interesting point you bring up does this

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then signal the possibility of permanent

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changes in automotive supply chains with

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regard to as you say the types of parts

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that go into it and where the cars are

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made and where the parts are made are we

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looking that down the line at that

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i think that's certainly on the table

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and and right now uh you know automotive

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uh automotive industry leaders are

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trying to figure that out and i think

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they're pursuing you know multiple uh

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multiple resolutions right i mean

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they're certainly looking for and i

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think getting some movement from chip

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makers to onshore and increase supplies

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they're they're surely looking at at

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design changes that that can uh that can

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potentially address some of this and as

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i said no one really knows exactly how

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we're going to come out of this but it's

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probably not going to be anytime soon

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i guess those of us who still have

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automobiles maybe we ought to hang on to

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them for a few more years and not worry

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about having to acquire more

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shea scott university of tennessee great

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speaking with you thanks for the update

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on what's going on in the vehicle supply

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chain really appreciate it

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great to be here

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you

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