Another Crisis for the Food Supply Chain: Not Enough CO2
Summary
TLDR视频中讨论了二氧化碳(CO2)短缺对食品供应链的影响。由于密西西比州杰克逊附近的一座死火山是高品质CO2的重要来源,其供应对石油和食品工业至关重要。然而,近期的重新钻探导致该源头受到污染,导致供应量大幅下降。CO2的大部分供应来自其他工业的副产品,如乙醇、氨和天然气生产。疫情导致的制造厂关闭进一步加剧了CO2短缺,影响了包括米勒康胜和安海斯布希在内的啤酒制造商。除了用于啤酒生产,CO2还用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏等。随着需求的增加,供应却未能跟上,导致一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。解决这一问题的方法包括提高CO2的回收和再利用技术,以及风险管理和供应链规划。尽管存在挑战,但短期内供应紧张的局面预计仍将持续,特别是在夏季需求高峰期间。此外,讨论还涉及了大气中CO2水平上升与工业CO2短缺之间的讽刺关系,以及创建封闭循环供应链以减少对环境的影响的可持续性问题。
Takeaways
- 🌋 **密西西比州的死火山对CO2供应的影响**:死火山提供的高质量CO2因污染而供应骤降,影响多个行业。
- 🔄 **CO2的来源**:除了火山,工业CO2主要来自乙醇生产,氨生产和天然气生产。
- 📉 **疫情期间的CO2短缺**:由于工厂关闭,导致乙醇生产的CO2副产品供应不足,影响包装行业。
- 🚀 **CO2在食品供应链中的用途**:用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏等。
- 📈 **需求变化**:过去10年中,对CO2的需求不断增加,尤其是随着大麻产业的增长。
- 🔍 **供应紧张**:CO2供应一直紧张,疫情后出现更显著的中断,一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而关闭。
- 💹 **成本上升**:短期内,为了生存和供应产品,公司不得不支付比平常多三四倍的CO2费用。
- 🔧 **技术解决方案**:公司正在寻求技术解决方案,如购买回收设备,以回收自己的发酵过程中的CO2。
- 📝 **风险管理**:公司正在加强风险和应急计划,考虑第二和第三供应源,以防主要供应中断。
- 🔥 **季节性需求**:夏季对CO2的需求增加,因为啤酒和饮料销量上升,需要更多的干冰和CO2来保鲜和冷藏。
- 🌱 **可持续性问题**:存在关于CO2回收和创建闭环供应链的学术讨论,以减少对大气中CO2排放的影响。
Q & A
密西西比州的一座死火山如何影响二氧化碳的供应?
-密西西比州杰克逊附近的死火山提供了一个高品质二氧化碳的来源,供石油工业和其他依赖CO2的工业使用。最近在该火山的重新钻探过程中,他们污染了自己的CO2来源,导致供应量大幅下降。
除了密西西比州的火山,还有哪些其他自然来源可以提供CO2?
-除了密西西比州的火山,像犹他州和科罗拉多州等地也有类似的死火山可以提供CO2。但大多数工业用CO2实际上来自乙醇生产。
为什么食品供应链需要大量的CO2?
-食品供应链需要CO2用于多种用途,包括包装、干冰需求、保持肉类等食品在冷却状态下,以及运输疫苗时的冷藏需求。
CO2短缺对工业来说是一个新问题吗?
-CO2供应一直比较紧张,但自COVID-19疫情以来,过去三年中出现了更多戏剧性的中断,有些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。
像Miller Coors这样的大酿酒商能回收和再利用多少CO2?
-具体的回收数量不清楚,但可以肯定的是,回收的CO2与从火山中获取的CO2在质量上存在差异,这可能会影响啤酒的口感和风味。
面对CO2短缺,工业有哪些应对措施?
-短期内,成本上升被转嫁给了最终消费者,导致产品价格上涨。长期来看,公司正在寻找技术解决方案,比如购买回收设备来回收自己的发酵过程中产生的CO2。
CO2短缺问题预计会持续多久?
-由于资源有限,供应在未来两到三年内预计仍将紧张。此外,CO2需求还存在季节性变化,比如夏季啤酒和饮料需求增加时,CO2需求也会上升。
大气中CO2水平上升和CO2短缺之间是否存在讽刺意味?
-这两者是分开的问题。一些公司认为,通过回收和创建封闭的供应链循环,不向大气中释放CO2,或者从火山获取CO2后不释放到大气中,是一个更可持续的做法。
为什么食品工业获取CO2主要是作为其他工业的副产品?
-食品工业获取CO2主要是因为大部分CO2供应是乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气生产的副产品,尤其是食品级CO2。
为什么小规模的精酿啤酒厂难以回收CO2?
-小规模的精酿啤酒厂通常没有大型公司如Miller Coors那样的技术和设备来回收CO2,因此他们无法进行大量的CO2回收和再利用。
CO2短缺对小型精酿啤酒厂有什么影响?
-小型精酿啤酒厂可能会面临更高的CO2成本,因为他们无法像大型啤酒厂那样回收和再利用CO2,这可能会导致他们的生产成本上升。
公司如何进行风险和应急规划以应对CO2短缺?
-公司需要进行供应链管理,制定风险计划,考虑第二和第三供应源的可能性。即使在火山管道上,也应该有备用供应商,以防主要供应源出现问题。
Outlines
🌋 密西西比州死火山对二氧化碳供应的影响
在田纳西大学诺克斯维尔哈斯勒姆商学院供应链管理系主任约翰·贝尔的讨论中,我们了解到密西西比州杰克逊附近的一个死火山是高纯度二氧化碳的重要来源,对石油工业和其他依赖CO2的行业至关重要。然而,近期在火山中重新钻探导致其自身污染,从而造成了供应的大幅下降。由于大多数CO2供应是其他工业的副产品,如乙醇、氨和天然气生产,因此失去主要供应源对整个行业产生了连锁反应。此外,还讨论了其他自然来源,如犹他州和科罗拉多州的死火山,以及工业CO2主要来自乙醇生产。约翰还提到,自20世纪70年代初以来,杰克逊圆顶区域一直用于捕获CO2,以促进石油回收,其中80%的CO2用于此目的。食品工业作为次要客户,通过管道系统从杰克逊密西西比州到油田的大约1300英里的管道获取CO2。
🍺 食品加工和供应链对CO2需求的增长
食品加工和供应链对CO2的需求多种多样,包括用于包装、干冰需求、疫苗运输的冷藏需求等。近年来,需求发生了显著变化,特别是在大麻产业中,对CO2的需求大幅增加。然而,供应并没有相应增长,仍然是其他工业的副产品。讨论还涉及了CO2短缺问题,自COVID-19疫情以来,由于制造厂关闭,导致乙醇生产的CO2副产品供应减少,影响了装瓶行业。小型手工酿酒厂由于技术和设备限制,无法像大型公司如Miller Coors那样回收利用CO2,这影响了他们的生产成本和产品质量。目前,行业正在通过提高产品价格和寻求技术解决方案来应对短缺问题,如购买回收设备和改进供应链管理。约翰·贝尔预测,未来两到三年内供应将持续紧张,并强调了风险规划和应急计划的重要性。此外,还讨论了CO2短缺与大气中CO2水平上升和全球变暖之间的关系,以及一些公司采取的可持续做法,如创建封闭循环供应链,减少对环境的影响。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡二氧化碳(CO2)
💡供应链管理
💡死火山
💡食品级二氧化碳
💡工业二氧化碳
💡干冰
💡回收利用
💡风险规划
💡可持续性
💡季节性需求
💡价格上涨
Highlights
密西西比州的一座死火山为石油工业和其他依赖CO2的行业提供了高质量的二氧化碳来源。
重新钻探该火山时,他们污染了自己的CO2来源,导致供应量突然大幅下降。
大多数CO2供应是乙醇生产、氨生产和天然气生产的副产品,尤其是食品级CO2。
除了密西西比州的火山,犹他州和科罗拉多州等地也有类似的死火山作为CO2的来源。
自COVID-19疫情以来,由于安全原因关闭了全国的制造厂,导致乙醇生产的副产品CO2供应受到影响。
Jackson Dome地区自20世纪70年代初就开始捕获CO2,主要用于油井加速石油回收。
在西南部有大约1300英里的管道网络,将密西西比州杰克逊的CO2输送到油田。
食品加工和供应链需要大量CO2,用途包括包装、干冰需求,以及疫苗运输等。
过去10年中,随着大麻产业的增长,对CO2的需求也在增加。
自COVID-19以来,CO2供应出现了越来越严重的中断,一些酿酒厂因缺乏CO2而不得不关闭。
小型手工酿酒厂由于技术和设备限制,无法像大型公司那样回收利用CO2。
大型酿酒厂如Miller Coors可以回收利用CO2,但回收的CO2与火山来源的CO2在质量上存在差异。
CO2的质量会影响最终产品的口味,因此酿酒商在选择CO2来源时需要非常小心。
短期内,CO2短缺的问题很多被转嫁给了最终消费者,导致产品价格大幅上涨。
长期来看,公司正在寻找技术解决方案,比如购买回收设备来回收自己的发酵过程中的CO2。
风险和应急计划对于CO2供应变得非常重要,公司需要考虑第二和第三供应源。
未来两三年内,CO2供应预计将继续保持紧张状态,并且存在季节性需求变化。
尽管大气中CO2水平上升导致全球变暖,但工业CO2短缺和大气CO2增加是两个独立的问题。
一些公司认为,创建封闭循环供应链,回收利用CO2,减少向大气中释放CO2是更可持续的做法。
Transcripts
[Music]
foreign
for the food supply chain and not enough
carbon dioxide CO2 John Bell is head of
the Department of Supply Chain
management at the University of
Tennessee Knoxville's Haslem College of
Business hi John hi Robert how are you
doing thanks for having me and thanks
for being with me John how can an
extinct volcano in Mississippi impact
the availability of CO2
well what's interesting about that
extinct volcano near Jackson Mississippi
is that it provides a very high quality
source of carbon dioxide to both the oil
industry and to other industries that
depend on co2 and so in some recent uh
re-drilling and trying to make some new
uh holes there in the ground in the
volcano they actually contaminated their
own source and so one of the large
sources kind of got contaminated and all
of a sudden we saw a huge drop in Supply
and that wouldn't be a problem except
that the majority of the CO2 Supply is a
byproduct from other Industries and so
it's the ethanol production the ammonia
production the natural gas production
that produces CO2 that is food grade in
particular and so when we lose a major
source of Supply it ripples across
Industries and we can't just double or
triple that Supply overnight what other
natural sources other than this
particular volcano are good sources for
CO2
well we've got a couple other natural
extinct volcanoes that are similar to
that in places like Utah and Colorado
but what you'll find is the majority of
your industrial CO2 really comes from
ethanol production and and I started
tracking shortages in CO2 back in covid
because what happened was we started
shutting down manufacturing plants
Across the Nation for safety because of
the of the virus not realizing that a
secondary byproduct of ethanol was the
CO2 that companies like Miller Coors and
Anheuser imbev use and so all of a
sudden our bottling industry got
impacted real quickly
because we didn't understand what that
side effect would be I see so has co2
have been captured by these products by
these processes for a long time has that
always been or long been a source of CO2
for industry
yeah absolutely that's uh Jackson Dome
area I think goes back to the early
1970s and and again their primary
purpose is to capture CO2 to put into
oil wells for expedited oil recovery so
80 of the CO2 they capture approximately
goes into oil recovery and so you're
still kind of a byproduct if you're in
the food industry getting carbon dioxide
from them and so
uh definitely something's been
established a long time and uh there are
pipelines all over the Southwest about
1300 miles of pipelines that move that
carbon dioxide from Jackson Mississippi
out to the oil fields so if you're a
beer manufacturer and you happen to be
somewhere along that pipeline perhaps
you can tap into that as a source but
you're not their primary customer I see
well why does the food processing and
the food supply chain need so much CO2
what are what kind of uses are we seeing
there well there's a lot of uses Beyond
oil recovery and Beyond making beer
right we have packaging we have dry ice
requirements we've seen a lot of changes
in demand recently so that package be
fed Tyson or it could be a meat that has
to be kept at a at a cool stage uses the
dry ice uh the vaccines that we're
shipping need to be kept cold and so
there are a lot of different increasing
requirements in demand for CO2 we've
even seen this with the with the growing
marijuana industry that they need a lot
of CO2 in their industry so demand has
changed a lot over the last 10 years but
again the supply has not and the supply
is still a byproduct from other
Industries yeah so it's just a
relatively recent problem a CO2 shortage
for the for the Industries or has it
gone supplies gone up and down have we
seen this problem emerge in the past
I think there's always been a tight
Supply and there have been times where
there have been disruptions in it but
since covid the last three years we've
seen more and more dramatic disruptions
we're at the point now where there's
been breweries in the country that have
had to shut down for lack of CO2 and so
that's been kind of dramatic to see in
the news and um a lot of it I think is
the bottling industry in the beer
industry has changed dramatically itself
we have a lot of small craft Brewers now
apparently 25 of the money that's made
in breweries now is going to small craft
breweries well they don't have the
technology and the equipment they can't
afford it to do a lot of the recycling
of the CO2 that a big company like
Miller Coors could do so like what
percentage I don't know if there's a
hard number here but a sophisticated uh
Brewer like Miller cores how much CO2
can they recapture and recycle for reuse
you know offhand I'm not sure how much
they can recapture I do know however
that it's not always the same as what
you get from the volcano and so there's
some quality differences here you can
recapture that CO2 and you can use it in
your lines to clear the the beer you can
use it in your packaging but whatever
you put in that beer can can actually
impact the taste and the flavor yeah
yeah so you could put nitrogen in there
but it actually makes the beer creamy
and if you're a brewer especially a
craft Brewer it's like an art form and
so they got to be really careful where
they're getting their CO2 and the
quality of it because it impacts the
taste of the final product so sourcing
just determining where you get it
recycling when possible those sound like
somewhat of solutions but generally how
it how is the industry coping short of
having to shut down entire breweries are
there other Solutions at hand that can
allow them to weather this shortage
right now
well unfortunately a lot of it is being
passed over to the end consumer in terms
of short-term product increases right I
mean we are seeing huge pipes price
price increases and spikes where
companies are having to pay three four
times more than what they're used to for
CO2 in the short term to to survive and
keep providing product to their
customers in the long term I would
definitely say that companies are
looking into the technological solution
we see a lot more interest in small
companies getting loans actually trying
to buy what they call the recovery
equipment to recover carbon dioxide in
their own fermentation processes there
in the beer industry
um a lot of it's good Supply Chain
management do you have a risk plan have
you looked at what your second and third
sources of Supply could be perhaps it
makes sense to not have a source
supplier even if you are on that
pipeline from the volcano you know
because what happens if it goes down and
uh so I think risk and contingency
planning around CO2 has become a really
big issue in the last three or four
months for companies can we expect this
problem to extend into the future near
future or far future I mean it's going
to is going to grow worse going to stay
the same what do you think
um I don't see um a very
big flexibility in terms of let's just
go out and make a whole bunch of new
extinct volcanoes right those limited
resources are just limited and very
similarly they're the F and we're not
going to just create a whole bunch more
ethanol plants to produce more CO2 for
us that doesn't you know make sense
we're a byproducts situation so yes I
think Supply is going to continue to be
tight for the next two to three years
the other thing to understand is it's
seasonal that during the summer months
when beer and beverages are really
raging we see increases in demand very
similar as temperatures go up we need
more dry ice we need more CO2 for good
packaging to keep things fresh and keep
them cold and so we have a seasonal
effect that we could be right back in
the same place next summer if we're not
careful
I wonder if there's some irony in the
fact that we're talking about CO2
shortages at a time when CO2 levels in
the atmosphere are rising and causing
global warming I guess those two are
separate issues right cannot uh be well
you know and that's that's actually an
academic debate on what is the impact of
taking CO2 out of the ground and putting
it into beverages are you now
contributing to the emissions are out
there in fact this is why some companies
think it's a better idea to do the
recovery and create a a closed-loop
supply chain and try not to release
carbon dioxide into the atmosphere or
even get carbon dioxide from a volcano
and release it into the atmosphere and
so yeah there there is a sustainability
issue here as well
what an interesting angle that a lot of
people don't know about outside of the
industry at least John Bell thank you
very much for educating me on the issue
of the CO2 shortage in industry and what
might be done about it thank you very
much for being with me today really
appreciate it all right Robert thank you
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