Making Methylamine 3 Ways

Summary

This video script delves into the synthesis of methylamine, a versatile primary amine with applications in various industries. It outlines three distinct methods for producing this regulated chemical: a reaction between pralid and ammonium chloride, the decomposition of hexamine, and a Hoffman rearrangement of acetamide. Each method is detailed with its process, challenges, and yields, providing a comprehensive guide for those interested in the chemistry of methylamine production.

Takeaways

• 🧪 Methylamine is an important chemical with various applications in fields like organic chemistry, pharmaceuticals, and water treatment.
• 🚫 Methylamine is regulated by the US government as a precursor chemical, making it difficult to purchase.
• 🔬 The first method demonstrated is the reaction between pralid and ammonium chloride, which is easy but messy and time-consuming.
• ⏱ The process involves monitoring temperature, distillation, and vacuum filtration to collect the product.
• 🔥 A redox reaction occurs during the synthesis, where water is oxidized and methylamine is reduced.
• 🌡 The reaction temperature is critical, with higher temperatures favoring undesired byproducts like dimethylamine.
• 💧 Distillation is used to remove water and formic acid byproducts, and a vacuum is applied to facilitate this process.
• 💊 The final product, methylamine hydrochloride, is purified through recrystallization and vacuum desiccation.
• 📉 The yield of the first method is reported to be 49.9%, which is considered good but still feels inefficient given the amount of starting materials.
• 🔄 The second method involves the decomposition of hexamine and hydrolysis to form methylamine, yielding higher and cleaner results.
• 🧬 The third method, a Hoffman rearrangement, is the fastest and cleanest but resulted in a low yield due to potential impurities or the need for bromine.

Q & A

What is methylamine and why is it important in organic chemistry?

Methylamine is the simplest primary amine and is extensively used in organic chemistry due to its pervasive role in the synthesis of various compounds such as accelerants, propellants, pharmaceuticals, insecticides, fungicides, surfactants, fuel additives, polymerization inhibitors, components in paint strippers, solvents, water treatment agents, and photographic developers.

Why is methylamine regulated by the US government?

Methylamine is regulated as a precursor chemical by the US government due to its potential use in the illicit drug manufacturing process, which makes it difficult to purchase for many individuals.

What are the three methods presented in the script for synthesizing methylamine?

The three methods presented are: 1) Reaction between pralid and ammonium chloride, 2) Decomposition of hexamine, and 3) Hoffman rearrangement of acetamide.

Why is the first method using pralid and ammonium chloride considered easy but messy?

The first method is considered easy because it involves straightforward reactants and steps, but it is messy due to the large amount of formalin required, the time-consuming nature of the process, and the difficulty in handling and collecting the product.

What is the role of methanol in the first method of synthesizing methylamine?

Methanol is used in the first method to stabilize the formalin solution, preventing oxidation or polymerization. It also participates in side reactions forming meth formate and acetyl methylol, which have low boiling points and distill off early in the reaction.

What is the significance of vacuum distillation in the synthesis process?

Vacuum distillation is significant as it allows for the removal of excess water and byproducts at lower temperatures, preventing the formation of undesired byproducts and facilitating the collection of the desired product, ammonium chloride, for potential reuse.

What is the primary byproduct in the second method using hexamine?

The primary byproduct in the second method is formic acid, which is formed due to the absence of methanol and the more acidic conditions of the reaction.

How does the Hoffman rearrangement method differ from the first two methods?

The Hoffman rearrangement method differs as it involves a more complex process starting with acetamide and using an alkaline source of bromine or chlorine, resulting in a series of reactions that yield methylamine. It is also noted for being the fastest and cleanest method, but with potential issues regarding yield and purity.

What is the reason for the low yield in the third method using the Hoffman rearrangement?

The low yield in the third method could be attributed to the impurity of the acetamide used or the necessity of using bromine instead of hypochlorite for the reaction to be efficient.

What safety precautions are necessary when handling methylamine and its precursors?

Safety precautions include working under a fume hood to avoid inhaling toxic and foul-smelling gases, using personal protective equipment, and being cautious with exothermic reactions to prevent overheating and potential hazards.

Outlines

00:00

🧪 Synthesis of Methylamine: Pralid and Ammonium Chloride Method

This paragraph describes the first method of synthesizing methylamine, a crucial chemical in various industries, using pralid (formalin) and ammonium chloride. The process involves heating these chemicals in a round bottom flask with a distillation setup, monitoring the temperature to ensure the formation of methylamine hydrochloride. The reaction is messy and time-consuming, with a focus on the formation of byproducts like formic acid and methanol. The author also discusses the challenges of obtaining formalin and the legal considerations of producing a regulated chemical. The yield is calculated based on the amount of ammonium chloride used, resulting in a 49.9% yield.

05:01

🔬 Methylamine Production via Hexamine Decomposition

The second method for producing methylamine is detailed in this paragraph, which involves the hydrolysis of hexamine using hydrochloric acid. This process is similar to the first but avoids the use of formalin. The reaction is carefully controlled to prevent the formation of unwanted byproducts and to promote the production of methylamine. The author notes the collection of formic acid as a useful byproduct. The yield from this method is higher than the first, with a 72.2% yield, and the author expresses a preference for this method due to its cost-effectiveness and higher yields.

10:04

🌡️ Hoffman Rearrangement for Methylamine Synthesis

The third method discussed is the Hoffman rearrangement of acetamide to produce methylamine. This method is noted for being the most interesting, fastest, and cleanest, but it also yields the lowest amount of methylamine due to potential impurities in the acetamide or the necessity of using bromine instead of hypochlorite. The process involves careful temperature control and the addition of reagents to facilitate the rearrangement. Despite the low yield, the author finds this method intriguing and considers retrying it with purer materials.

15:05

🛠️ Post-Reaction Processing and Yield Calculation

This paragraph outlines the post-reaction processing steps for the methylamine synthesis, including heating, distillation, and crystallization to purify the product. The author describes the transformation of the reaction mixture into a solution of free base methylamine and the subsequent conversion to methylamine hydrochloride. The yield is calculated, and the author discusses the challenges and potential improvements for the synthesis process, including the possibility of using different reagents or purifying the starting materials more thoroughly.

20:06

📢 Conclusion and Call to Action for Viewer Engagement

The final paragraph serves as a conclusion to the video, summarizing the methods and outcomes of the methylamine synthesis and expressing gratitude to patrons for their support. The author encourages viewers to subscribe on various platforms and become patrons for more content, emphasizing the importance of community engagement and the commitment to fulfilling patron requests.

Keywords

💡Methylamine

Methylamine is the simplest primary amine and is central to the video's theme as it is extensively used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, insecticides, and fuel additives. It is the main chemical being synthesized in the video, with three different methods being discussed for its production.

💡Amine

An amine is a compound that contains a nitrogen atom with a lone pair of electrons, which allows it to form bonds with other atoms. In the context of the video, amines are important organic compounds, and methylamine, as a primary amine, is the focus for its synthesis.

💡Precursors

Precursors are substances that precede the formation of a product, often used in chemical synthesis. In the video, methylamine is regulated as a precursor chemical, meaning it is a controlled substance due to its potential use in the production of other chemicals.

💡Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde is a chemical compound used in the first synthesis method described in the video. It is a key component in the reaction with ammonium chloride to produce methylamine, highlighting its importance in the synthesis process.

💡Hydrochloride

Hydrochloride refers to a compound that contains the chloride ion. In the video, the formation of methylamine hydrochloride is a significant step, as it is the salt form of methylamine that is easier to handle and collect.

💡Vacuum Distillation

Vacuum distillation is a technique used to remove components from a mixture at lower temperatures by reducing the pressure. In the video, it is used to separate ammonium chloride from the reaction mixture and to purify the product.

💡Hexamine

Hexamine, also known as hexamethylenetetramine, is used in the second method for synthesizing methylamine. It is decomposed to form ammonium chloride and formaldehyde, which are then used in the synthesis process.

💡Hoffman Rearrangement

The Hoffman rearrangement is a chemical reaction discussed in the third method of the video. It involves the conversion of an amide to an amine through a series of steps, including the use of hypochlorite in this case, to produce methylamine.

💡Yield

Yield in chemistry refers to the amount of product obtained from a reaction relative to the theoretical maximum. The video discusses the yield of methylamine produced by each method, indicating the efficiency of the synthesis process.

💡Recrystallization

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to remove impurities from a substance by dissolving it in a solvent and then allowing it to slowly crystallize out. In the video, ammonium chloride is recrystallized to purify it for reuse.

💡Hypochlorite

Hypochlorite is a compound containing the hypochlorite ion, which is used as an oxidizing agent. In the video, calcium hypochlorite is used in the Hoffman rearrangement method to produce methylamine.

Highlights

Methylamine is the simplest primary amine with extensive uses in organic chemistry, including syntheses of various chemicals and as a fuel additive.

Methylamine is regulated by the US government as a precursor chemical, making it challenging to purchase.

The first method involves a reaction between pralid and ammonium chloride, which is easy but messy and time-consuming.

Formaldehyde is used in the first method, which is not easily accessible for many, highlighting the accessibility challenge.

The formation of the chloride salt of methylamine is described, which is easier to collect than the free base.

A series of reactions are explained, including the direct condensation of formaldehyde and ammonium chloride.

The process involves a redox reaction where water is oxidized by methylamine, which is reduced.

The use of vacuum distillation to remove excess ammonium chloride and other byproducts is detailed.

The purification of methylamine hydrochloride involves dissolving in hot methanol and recrystallization.

The yield and purity of the first method are discussed, with a percent yield calculation provided.

The second method uses hexamine and hydrochloric acid to produce methylamine through hydrolysis.

A key difference in byproduct formation between the first and second methods is highlighted, with formic acid being a notable byproduct in the second method.

The Hoffman rearrangement of acetamide is introduced as the third method for synthesizing methylamine.

The use of calcium hypochlorite instead of bromine in the Hoffman rearrangement is mentioned, with a note on the potential for lower yields.

The process of converting the free base methylamine to its hydrochloride salt for easier handling and analysis is described.

The final yield of the third method is discussed, with a note on the potential reasons for the lower yield.

A summary of the video content, emphasizing the interest and educational value of the synthesis methods presented.

Transcripts

today I'm going to show you three ways

to make the extremely important chemical

methylamine methylamine is the simplest

primary amine and as such its use in

organic chemistry is pervasive for

example methylamine is used extensively

in the synthesis of accelerants

propellants pharmaceutical insecticides

fungicides and surfactants it's also

used as a fuel additive a polymerization

inhibitor a component and paint

strippers a solvent a water treatment

agent and a photographic developer

however like some of the other most

ubiquitous and commonplace lab chemicals

you could imagine methylamine is

regulated by the US government as a

precursor chemical which makes it tough

to purchase for reference here are just

some of the other many commonplace lab

chemicals scheduled as precursors this

video took me months to actually release

because I heard so often that this

chemical was under particular scrutiny

but in reality these chemicals are all

identical in the eyes of the law and

that said you'd have a hard time finding

a video on my channel where I don't use

at least one scheduled precursor so in

the end I decided to just say screw it

and make the list a little longer anyway

the first method I'm going to show today

is the reaction between pralid and

ammonium chloride this route is by far

the easiest but it's very messy timec

consuming and requires a large amount of

formalin which is not an easy chemical

for many people to get to get started I

went ahead and added 125 G of ammonium

chloride and 250 ml of 37% formalin to a

three neck round bottom boiler in flask

I then connected a distillation head to

one of the necks a thermometer to

another and capped the third notice here

that the thermometer is immersed in the

solution as I want to monitor the

temperature of the reaction mixture and

not the vapor temperature I turned my

heating mantle to Max and waited until

the temperature at around 104° C now as

the temperature increases a set of

reactions begin to occur that eventually

result in the formation of the chloride

salt of methylamine which is much easier

to collect in weigh than three Bas

methylamine the first reaction that

occurs is a direct condensation of faldy

and ammonium chloride yielding water

hydrogen chloride and the unsaturated

compound

methylamine this reaction happens

spontaneously near ambient temperatures

but as the temperature increases

methylamine water and another molecule

of faldy react to form methylamine and

formic acid this is technically a redox

reaction where in water is being

oxidized by methylamine which itself is

being reduced in the final reaction step

the free base methylamine generated in

the previous step will react with

hydrogen chloride forming the target

methylamine hydrochloride as for the

reaction byproducts here the formic acid

produced is for the most part oxidized

to carbon dioxide and water as the

reaction mixture heats up however

formalin Solutions are stabilized with

10 to 15% methanol in order to prevent

oxidation or polymerization of the

formaly and some of the formic acid will

react with this methanol forming meth

formate and the acetyl methylol which

both have very low boiling points and

will distill off early in the reaction

anyway once the temperature reaches 104°

C I cut the heat and fiddled with it a

bit until the temperature stabilized

between 100 and 105° Celsius this

temperature is held for about 3 hours

while slowly distilling away water in

the formic byproducts at a certain point

the distillation slows to a virtual stop

and can't continue without raising the

temperature the issue though is that

raising the temperature would favor the

formation of undesired byproducts and as

low as even 115° C the formation of

dimethylamine is favored especially if

excess form Malahide is present to fix

this I go ahead and connect a vacuum to

the distillation apparatus and vacuum

distill away as much as I can until

ammonium chloride begins to crash out of

solution at this point I cut the heat

completely allow my solution to cool the

room temperature and then transfer it to

an ice bath until it's cooled to 0° c i

then passed the solution through vacuum

filtration to collect the ammonium

chloride which can be recrystallized and

reused I then add my solution back to my

boiling flask and continue heating at

105° C and repeat the previous step once

the distillation had again slowed to a

crawl at this point the reaction is

virtually complete and most of the

unreacted ammonium chloride has been

removed to this end I go ahead and move

my boiling flask back to the Heat and

continue heating until the mixture had

reached around 160° C in order to drive

off as much water as as possible this is

then poured into a beaker while still

hot and I went ahead and rinsed the

flask with some methanol to make sure

all my crude methylamine made into the

beaker this immediately began to harden

as methylamine hydrochloride has a

relatively high melting point and to

begin purifying my Creed product I first

needed to dissolve it in a minimal

amount of hot methanol which took around

70 ml in my case now while methylamine

hydrochloride is very soluble in hot

methanol ammonium chloride isn't and

virtually all the remaining ammonium

chloride now be removed by passing this

mixture through vacuum filtration the

resulting solution is left overnight to

crystallize and when I came back the

next day some beautiful methylamine

crystals had formed as a final step I

put this Beaker into an ice bath for a

few hours to crystallize out as much as

possible and then pass the resulting

solution through vacuum filtration to

collect mostly pure methylamine

hydrochloride these crystals are rinsed

with a bit of ice cold methanol followed

by some ice cold D chloromethane to

remove any dimethylamine hydrochloride

that might have formed and then vacuum

desiccated for a few hours vacuum

desiccation is extremely important here

as methylamine hydrochloride is one of

the most aggressively hygroscopic

chemicals I've ever handled and will

pull enough moisture out of the air to

liquefy itself at 40% relative humidity

in just a few hours anyway once my

methylamine hydrochloride was allowed to

dry completely I weighted giving me a

final mass of 16.9 6 G after this I was

able to crystallize out another 10 G

along with 30 G of ammonium chloride

however ever this second batch was

visibly lower Purity with a melting

point of 195° c and not ideal if Purity

is required to calculate percent yield I

decided to use ammonium chloride

consumed as my limiting reagent if I was

left with 30 grams of ammonium chloride

recrystallized the 95 grams were

consumed and my percent yield would be

49.9% out of the theoretical of 53.9 7 G

this yield would actually be considered

quite good based on the literature I've

read but given the quantity of starting

reagents it still feels bad with that

said I don't really love this method it

requires valuable and very toxic

formalin yields are pretty low and it's

very messy smells horrendously of rotten

fish and produces a lot of formate waste

along with a lot of unreacted ammonium

chloride which can obviously be reused

but requires a recrystalization if you

want to use it for anything else as a

side note I did read on one Forum that

this rea can produce yields in excess of

91% if vacuum reflux and distillation is

used exclusively and the reaction

temperature never allowed to exceed 90°

C I found this out after I finished

filming so I didn't try it out and I'm

kind of skeptical of it but I might give

it a shot in the future now the second

method for making methylamine is

basically analogous to the first but

rather than building methylamine from

ammonia and from alahh the methylamine

produced here is formed by the

decomposition of the more comp complex

molecule hexamine to get started on

method number two I added just under 70

G of hexamine fuel tablets to a beaker

along with 170 mL of distilled water

this solution was brought to a boil

under constant stirring until the

tablets had completely dissolved and

then the solution was poured into a

three neck round bottom boiling flask I

then measured out 230 ml of 32%

hydrochloric acid and poured it into an

addition funnel which was connected to

the center neck of the boiling flask the

stop coock was open slightly to allow

the hydrochloric acid to drip onto the

hexamine solution dropwise under

constant stirring until it was all added

this was done because allegedly

dissolving hexamine directly in

hydrochloric acid would result in a much

more aggressive reaction that almost

exclusively forms ammonium chloride

instead the desired reaction here is the

hydrolysis of the hexamine B

hydrochloric acid to form four molecules

of ammonium chloride and six molecules

of formaldahyde the resulting solution

if this reaction proceeds favorably

should be nearly identical to the

solution used in the first synthesis and

so once all the hydrochloric acid had

been added all you have to do is set

this up for a distillation and process

it exactly the same as before this

included another round of slow

distillation at 104° C vacuum

distillation to crash out excess

ammonium chloride filtration to remove

the salt repeat to remove more ammonium

chloride heat to 160° C dissolve in

methanol filter recryst crystallize

filter again to collect the product and

dry however while my footage here

catches up to my lazy explanation I want

to highlight a key difference in this

reaction compared to the first method

now if you'll remember I mentioned that

the formalin solution used in the first

method was stabilized with a significant

quantity of methanol which produced

methyl formate as a primary byproduct

since there is no methanol here and the

solution is far more acidic the primary

byproduct will be formic acid not only

that but the formation of formic acid

here is favorable while in the first

process the oxidation of formic acid to

carbon dioxide was strongly favored as a

result the distillate here contains a

significant amount of surprisingly pure

formic acid which I do collect in the

end and will likely purify later on

anyway once the reaction is complete and

the resulting methylamine hydrochloride

thoroughly processed and dried like

before I went ahead and weighed the

final product for a final mass of 25.97

G of pure methylamine hyd chloride and

another 9.25 G of the impure stuff this

time I was able to recrystallize 21 G of

ammonium chloride and since 10 16.84 G

were generated by the hydrolysis of

hexamine This Means

85.8 G were used in the reaction giving

me a theoretical yield of 48.77 G this

means my percent yield this time was

72.2% although I might knock a few

points off as I don't think I dried my

methylamine is completely in this second

run overall I definitely prefer this

method to the first mostly because the

reagents are way cheaper and easier to

get for me I consistently get higher

yields than I do with the first method

for some reason and the byproduct formic

acid is in of itself much more useful to

me than methyl formate now the third and

final method I have for making

methylamine is by a Hoffman

rearrangement of acetamide this route is

by far the most interesting the fastest

and the cleanest the only caveat here is

that this method is more formally done

using bromine and instead I used

hypochloride as it's worked for me in

the many past hofman rearrangements I've

done on this channel however my yield

ended up excessively low despite the

reaction conditions being controlled

very carefully and that said I believe

that either my acetamide was too impure

or bromine is required for this reaction

to ever be truly efficient if there is

sufficient interest I can retry this

process using bromine and spend a bit

more time verifying the purity of my

acetamide but in the meantime here's how

the hypochlorite route went I began by

dissolving 45.2 G of 73% calcium

hypochloride bleaching powder

representing 33 G of calcium

hypochloride in a minimal volume of

water this is then filtered to leave me

with a reasonably clean solution of

calcium hypochloride and then placed in

the freezer to cool down to well below

0° c i then use a bit of heat to melt

down some acetamide I made a few weeks

ago by reacting acetic acid and Ura in

order to transfer 20 G to a beaker which

is then dissolved in around 40 mL of

water and also placed in the freezer to

cool down as much as possible after a

few hours these are both removed from

the freezer and placed on Ice I transfer

about 105 G of this ice to a large

Beaker and then put that on ice as well

I then go ahead and salt the ice to make

it colder by lowering its melting point

and then I pour my acetamide solution

into the ice spilled Beaker I then wait

until the temperature reads well below

0° C at which point I begin to slowly

add small splashes of my hypochlorite

solution while stirring as much as I can

making sure the temperature is well

below 0° C before adding any more this

reaction is highly exothermic and very

heat sensitive that said if it heats up

even above 10° C you need to scrap

everything and start over in addition

funnel might have actually been an even

better idea here but for some reason I

figured it wasn't worth the extra step

in any case as the hypochloride is added

you'll notice a lot of bubbling which I

didn't really expect my assumption is

that this was D chloramine that was

produced when the hypochlorite reacted

with ammonium acetate impurities in my

acetamide this bubbling ceased after

about a third of my hypochlor had been

added and if this really is the result

of acetamide impurity this accounts for

at least a third of my loss

alternatively there could have been such

a high concentration of hydroxide ions

in my hypochlorite that the reaction

went to completion generating carbon

dioxide but I'm not sure this is

possible this fast and at such low

temperatures anyway the way this should

work is that when acetamide is treated

with an alkaline source of bromine or

chlorine they will react to form in

bromo acetamide or in this case in

chloroacetamide this is a two-step

reaction where first the amine group is

deprotonated by the hydroxide which then

undergos an alpha substitution reaction

with chlorine yielding the

chloroacetamide

once the reaction was complete I went

ahead and poured my reaction mixture

into a three neck round bottom boiling

flask and quickly added my sodium

hydroxide solution which resulted in

even more bubbling in this step the

additional hydroxide abstracts the

remaining amide proton to give the

chloro amide annion the chloro amide

anion rearranges as the methyl group

attached to the carbonal carbon migrates

to the nitrogen at the same time the

chloride ion leaves giving an isocyanate

the isocyanate then reacts with water in

a nucleophilic addition step to yield a

carbamic acid which spontaneously loses

carbon dioxide yielding the Amin product

this reaction is also very exothermic

but not enough to sustain itself

starting from 0° C with that said to

drive the reaction to completion I

gently heat the mixture to around 60° C

at which point it begins to Bubble at

this point the reaction will be able to

generate enough heat to sustain itself

so I remove it from the Heat and allow

it to rest during this time the reaction

mixture Heats itself to the point that

it climbs to nearly 70° cus and if it

were to go beyond this temperature I

would recommend placing the flask in an

ice bath once the reaction mixture

begins to cool the reaction is complete

I then put the boiling flask back on the

heating mantle and heat at 100° C this

will cause methylamine to boil out of

solution which is assisted by excess

hydroxide in the solution the

methylamine gas will then travel through

this apparatus I've constructed and into

cold water where it will readily

dissolve into solution now a couple side

notes while this happens I want to First

clarify that the reason my reaction

mixture turned white after the addition

of the hydroxide was due to the

formation of insoluble calcium hydroxide

and if you were to use sodium

hypochloride or bromine the reaction

mixture would be a pale yellow second

methylamine is aggressively soluble in

its free based form much more so than

even ammonia and that said ref flux is a

genuine concern here which is the main

purpose of the receiving flask I

connected to the end of my short path

apparatus if reflux were to happen it

would simply reflux into the collection

flask and not ruin the entire reaction

third this methylamine gas can also be

fed into hydrochloric acid to yield

methylamine hydrochloride rather than

the free base this reaction however is

extremely aggressive and if you choose

to go this route I would recommend

suspending the funnel above the hydroc

chloric acid rather than in it as I've

done with the water here anyway getting

back to my reaction here you can test if

it's working by testing the pH of the

receiving water with some litmus paper

which should turn blue as methylamine is

very alkaline this reaction is continued

for about 30 minutes until I feel no

more methylamine gases coming over and

then I disconnect my apparatus before

turning off my heat this step reminded

me to reiterate that this should all be

done under a fum Hood as I caught a

whiff of the absolutely foul gaseous

methylamine not only is methylamine one

of the most terrible smelling chemicals

out there it's also quite toxic along

with most of the potential byproducts of

this reaction anyway that's the entire

process and in the end I'm left with a

solution of free base methylamine of

unknown Purity or strength to try and

get an idea of how much methylamine I

actually synthesized I needed to make

this into the hydrochloride salt and

then isolate it to this end I first

neutralized my crude methylamine

solution with hydr chloric acid and

boiled it down until the remaining

liquid was around 145° c i then

dissolved the residue in a minimal

amount of in hydrous methanol and passed

it all through vacuum filtration this

caught a significant amount of what I

can only assume is ammonium chloride

which is discarded the filtrate is then

transferred to a beaker and allowed to

cool so that methylamine hydrochloride

can begin to crystallize out make sure

to pay attention to the shape of the

crystals during this step as methylamine

crystals will form these trans Lucent

feathery crystals while ammonium

chloride will form smaller opaque white

crystals honestly that's something you

should look out for in the previous two

methods as well this is actually the

only footage I bothered trying to get of

methylamine hydrochloride actually

crystallizing and since many of you seem

to enjoy watching these I'm just going

to give this a few more seconds to play

before I resume the

[Music]

procedure

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anyway once this is killed below

freezing to allow the methylamine to

fully crystallize I collected it by

vacuum filtration and rinsed the

crystals in a minimal amount of

chloroform and ice cold methanol to

remove any impurities I dried the lamine

hydrochloride further under a full

vacuum for a few hours and then Wade

them to get a final mass of just under 3

G or roughly a 133% yield I was able to

more than double this by desperately

crystallizing out the rest of the much

more impure methylamine from the

filtrate but even this new 27.8% yield

isn't very good as I said earlier I'm

nearly positive that my acetamide must

have just been very impure this is

likely negligence on my part as I

figured the Hoffman rearrangement would

be the hard part while the synthesis of

the acetamide itself was basically idiot

proof uh this is clearly not the case

and I might try this again using bromine

and some genuinely pure acetamide in any

case that's all I have for today I hope

you found this video interesting and as

always I want to thank all my incredible

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your support is vital and very

appreciated this video was done on the

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for watching and I'll see you next

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time

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a