Sejarah IPTEK di Indonesia Dari Masa ke Masa

Summary

The history of scientific research in Indonesia began in 1948, with the establishment of the Organization of Natural Science Research. Over time, key institutions such as the Indonesian Science Council, the National Atomic Energy Agency, and the Indonesian Institute of Sciences were formed to advance research. Key figures, including Sarwono Prawirohardjo and BJ Habibie, played pivotal roles in fostering scientific and technological development. Milestones such as the first atomic reactor, the N250 aircraft's first flight, and the establishment of the National Research and Innovation Agency highlight Indonesia's journey toward becoming a leading nation in science and technology.

Takeaways

• 😀 The history of research and science in Indonesia began in 1948 with the establishment of the Organization of Natural Science Research (OVIPAR).
• 😀 The Indonesian Science Council (LIPI) was founded in 1956, initiated by President Soekarno and Sarwono Prawirohardjo, aiming to promote scientific advancement in the country.
• 😀 Indonesia's atomic energy development began with the formation of the Atomic Energy Council, followed by the establishment of the National Atomic Energy Agency (BATAN) and the first atomic reactor in Bandung.
• 😀 The government under President Soekarno addressed the need for more scientists by sending thousands of students abroad through the Government Bond Scholarship program.
• 😀 The national development of science and technology saw the creation of the National Development Planning Outline (1966), which included plans for scientific and technological growth.
• 😀 Sarwono Prawirohardjo's leadership played a pivotal role in the formation and evolution of scientific institutions like LIPI, which evolved into the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
• 😀 BJ Habibie was integral in advancing Indonesia’s aerospace and aircraft industries, helping to build the country’s first indigenous aircraft, the N250, which flew in 1995.
• 😀 In the 1980s, Indonesia emphasized technology-based industries and established BPS (Strategic Industry Management Agency), which oversaw aerospace, maritime, metallurgy, transportation, and other sectors.
• 😀 The formation of the Indonesian Academy of Sciences (AIPI) and the reopening of the Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology were crucial in furthering research in molecular biology and science education.
• 😀 The establishment of the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) in 2021 integrated key research institutions and aimed to streamline Indonesia’s research coordination, with a focus on innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Q & A

When did the history of research and science in Indonesia begin?

The history of research and science in Indonesia began in 1948 with the birth of the organization of natural science research, OVIPAR.

Who was responsible for founding the Indonesian Science Council (LIPI)?

The Indonesian Science Council (LIPI) was founded at the request of President Soekarno to Sarwono Prawirohardjo, who later became its chairman.

What role did Sarwono Prawirohardjo play in the development of science in Indonesia?

Sarwono Prawirohardjo contributed significantly to the development of science in Indonesia by helping establish various medical professional organizations and scientific institutions.

What was the purpose behind the development of atomic energy in Indonesia?

The Indonesian government aimed to develop atomic energy for peaceful purposes and the welfare of society, which was achieved through the formation of the Atomic Energy Council and the Atomic Energy Agency.

What significant milestone was achieved in the field of atomic energy in Indonesia?

A significant milestone was the inauguration of the first atomic reactor, the Triga Mark 2 reactor in Bandung.

How did President Soekarno address the issue of a limited number of scientists in Indonesia?

President Soekarno launched the Government Bond Scholarship program, sending thousands of students abroad for higher education in various fields of science and technology.

What was the National Development Planning Outline (1966-1969), and how did it contribute to science and technology?

The National Development Planning Outline, introduced between 1966 and 1969, included science and technology planning, known as 'physical science and technology,' aiming to organize and strengthen Indonesia's research capabilities.

What was the importance of the National Research Agency (BRIN) in Indonesia's scientific development?

The National Research Agency (BRIN) was formed to centralize and avoid overlaps in scientific research institutions, ensuring the effective use of government resources in advancing science and technology.

What was the role of BJ Habibie in the development of Indonesia's technology sector?

BJ Habibie was instrumental in advancing Indonesia's technology sector, particularly in aerospace, by collaborating with Sumitro Djojohadikusumo and leading the development of the aircraft industry.

How did the establishment of Puspitek influence Indonesia's research landscape?

Puspitek became the largest and most integrated research area in Indonesia, fostering scientific and technological advancements, including the development of the Kwesi multipurpose nuclear reactor.

What role did the National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) play during the COVID-19 pandemic?

During the COVID-19 pandemic, BRIN focused on providing solutions to the outbreak while working to increase Indonesia's independence through the development of innovative products, such as the red and white vaccine.

How did the merging of the Ministry of Research and Technology with the Directorate General of Higher Education influence innovation in Indonesia?

The merger aimed to synergize the world of research with the world of academia, encouraging innovation and research that could be applied in the industrial ecosystem.