Science, Technology and Nation-Building (STS)
Summary
TLDRDr. Ken Espiritosa delves into the crucial role of science and technology in Philippine nation-building across different periods. From pre-colonial innovations in agriculture and medicine to colonial-era advancements in infrastructure and education, the narrative underscores the country's rich history of scientific progress. The post-colonial era, particularly under President Marcos, saw significant strides with the establishment of research institutions and healthcare facilities, emphasizing the enduring impact of science and technology on national development.
Takeaways
- π± Early Filipinos applied scientific principles in daily living, using indigenous knowledge systems for agriculture, medicine, and transportation.
- π The pre-colonial period saw the development of farming systems, such as the rice terraces, which showcased innovation in adapting to challenging environments.
- πΎ The Philippines is currently the 8th largest rice producer globally, highlighting the significance of agricultural advancements.
- π° Spanish colonization introduced modern construction techniques and formal education, including the establishment of schools and universities.
- π The Spanish period marked the beginning of formal science and technology education in the Philippines, with a focus on medicine and engineering.
- π« American colonization modernized various aspects of life, including agriculture, food processing, medicine, and pharmacy, and established public education and research universities.
- π₯ Post-colonial Philippines continued to pursue science and technology programs, with varying degrees of emphasis under different administrations.
- π¬ Former President Ferdinand Marcos played a significant role in advancing science and technology, establishing agencies and promoting laws to foster development.
- π The creation of the Light Rail Transit Authority and other infrastructure projects during Marcos's term demonstrated a commitment to technological advancement.
- π The legacy of science and technology development in the Philippines continues to impact the nation's progress and nation-building efforts.
Q & A
What are the three learning outcomes for Chapter 3 on Science, Technology, and Nation Building?
-The learning outcomes are: 1) to explain how early Filipinos applied scientific principles in their daily living; 2) to present government policies on science and technology and explain their importance to the nation; and 3) to discuss the role of science and technology in nation building.
How did early Filipinos use scientific knowledge in their daily lives during the pre-colonial period?
-Early Filipinos used plants as medicine, were knowledgeable about the medicinal properties of plants, and practiced farming and animal raising. They also developed modes of transportation and innovative farming systems like the rice terraces, which addressed food supply and production issues.
What significant contribution did the native Ifugao people make to agriculture in the pre-colonial period?
-The native Ifugao people built the rice terraces by hand, which allowed them to cultivate crops on mountain sites in cold temperatures. They incorporated an irrigation system using water from forests and mountain tops.
How did the Spanish colonization impact the development of science and technology in the Philippines?
-Spanish colonization introduced modern construction methods, formal education, and scientific institutions. They established schools and colleges, and prioritized the study of medicine and engineering, although they developed exclusive health and educational systems that were accessible mainly to the upper class.
What were the key contributions of the American occupation to the advancement of science and technology in the Philippines?
-The Americans modernized agriculture, food processing, medicine, and pharmacy. They established a public educational system, improved engineering works and health conditions, and founded modern research universities and public hospitals.
Which Philippine president is noted for ushering in significant advancements in science and technology?
-Former President Ferdinand Marcos is noted for his efforts in advancing science and technology, establishing and strengthening many agencies in this field during his presidency.
What was the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) and who was its first chairman?
-The Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) was created by President Ferdinand E. Marcos on July 12, 1980, as a government agency to determine policies and oversee the planning and extension of the light rail system. The first chairman was Imelda Romualdez Marcos, the first lady and governor of Metro Manila at the time.
How did the establishment of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) contribute to the nation?
-PAGASA, established under the Department of National Defense, provides environmental protection and utilizes scientific knowledge to ensure the safety of the people.
What is the significance of the National Academy of Science and Technology in the Philippines?
-The National Academy of Science and Technology was improved to the Department of Science and Technology, which plays a crucial role in the development and promotion of science and technology in the country.
How does the script describe the legacy of science and technology in the Philippines after the Marcos presidency?
-The script indicates that progress in science and technology continued even after Marcos' presidency, leaving a lasting legacy in the field.
Outlines
π± Pre-Colonial Science and Technology in the Philippines
This paragraph discusses the early Filipinos' application of scientific principles in their daily lives, highlighting their indigenous knowledge systems that sustained their communities. It mentions the use of plants for medicinal purposes, farming and animal husbandry practices, and the development of transportation methods. The paragraph also emphasizes the innovative farming system developed by the native Cordilleras, which allowed for crop cultivation in mountainous and cold regions, and the significant role of rice in the Philippines' economy, being the 8th largest rice producer globally.
π° Colonial Influences on Science and Technology in the Philippines
This paragraph covers the impact of Spanish colonization on the Philippines' scientific and technological development. It details the introduction of modern construction techniques, formal education, and the establishment of scientific institutions. The Spanish focus on trade and the neglect of agriculture and industrial development are also mentioned. The paragraph then contrasts the Spanish influence with that of the Americans, who modernized various aspects of life, including agriculture, food processing, medicine, and pharmacy. TheηΎε½δΊΊ also established a public educational system, improved engineering works, and health conditions, and founded modern research universities and public hospitals.
π Post-Colonial Advancements in Science and Technology
The final paragraph focuses on the post-colonial period, where the Philippines continued to pursue programs in science and technology under different administrations. It highlights the significant contributions of President Ferdinand Marcos, who established and strengthened numerous agencies in science and technology. The paragraph also discusses the establishment of pioneering hospitals, the creation of the Light Rail Transit Authority, and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration. The legacy of Marcos in promoting the development of science and technology for nation-building is emphasized.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Science and Technology
π‘Nation Building
π‘Pre-Colonial Period
π‘Colonial Period
π‘Indigenous Knowledge Systems
π‘Albulario
π‘Formal Education
π‘Infrastructure
π‘Public Health
π‘Post-Colonial Period
π‘Ferdinand Marcos
Highlights
Early Filipinos applied scientific principles in daily living.
Government policies on science and technology are crucial for the nation.
Science and technology play a vital role in nation building.
Pre-colonial Filipinos used plants as medicine and for therapeutic purposes.
Systematic farming and animal husbandry were practiced in the pre-colonial period.
Early Filipinos developed transportation methods, including ocean-going vessels.
The rice terraces of the Philippines are a testament to indigenous innovation in farming.
The Philippines is the 8th largest rice producer globally.
Spanish colonization introduced modern construction and formal education.
Spanish rule established schools and scientific institutions in the Philippines.
American occupation modernized agriculture, food processing, and medicine in the Philippines.
The Americans established public education and improved health conditions in the Philippines.
Post-colonial Philippines continued to pursue programs in science and technology.
President Ferdinand Marcos established and strengthened agencies in science and technology.
The Light Rail Transit Authority was created during Marcos' presidency.
The Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration was established for environmental protection.
The National Academy of Science and Technology was improved under Marcos' administration.
The legacy of Marcos' presidency includes advancements in science and technology.
Transcripts
hi everyone i'm dr
ken espinosa and welcome to chapter 3
entitled science technology and nation
building
so what are the learning outcomes for
this chapter
one to explain how early filipinos
applied
scientific principle in their daily
living
two present government policies on
science and technology
and explain their importance to the
nation and lastly
discuss the role of science and
technology in nation building
so here we'll be talking about major
contributions
during pre-colonial period colonial
period
and post-colonial period in the
philippines
first let's talk about the pre-colonial
period
the history of science technology in the
philippines started way back before the
conflicting independence
from the american colonizers before the
coming of the spaniards colonizers
the early inhabitants of the archipelago
had their own culture
and traditions they have their own
belief systems
and indigenous knowledge systems that
keep
them organized and sustain their lives
and communities
for many years scientific
and technological development in the
philippines began in the pre-colonial
period
even before the spaniards came in the
philippines
the early filipinos were already
possessed their own culture and
technology
they are already using plants as
medicine and they were aware of the
medicinal and therapeutic properties of
plants
and the methods of extracting medicines
from the herbs
which addressed the problems in health
they're known as
albulario in filipino herbalaria in
spanish
and herbalists in english
during pre-colonial period system of
farming and animal racing were also
implemented
they raised chicken pigs goats carabaos
and small native ponies
they also use bow and arrow for fishing
and hunting
scientific knowledge is observed in the
way they plant their crops
that provide them food in taking care of
animals to help them in their tasks
this also addressed the problems in
terms of mass production in food supply
moreover early filipinos had also
developed different modes of
transportation
early philippines were said to be
proficient in building ocean growing
vessels which address the problems in
terms of
transportation
one of the greatest contributions of
early filipino to science and technology
was achieved by the native corteliers
when they built
the rice statuses by hand through this
the early filipinos were able to
cultivate crops on the mountain sites
in cold temperature they incorporated an
irrigation system that uses water from
the forests
and mountain tops to achieve farming
system
this addressed a problem in mass
production in terms of
food supplies this showed
that early philippines can actually
innovate a farming system
in order to survive in relation to
unfriendly environment
today the philippine is the 8th largest
rice
producer in the world accounting for 2.8
percent
of global rice production also
philippines
was also the world largest rice importer
in 2010.
now proceed to the colonial period
colonization by the spaniards provided
the philippines
with modern means of construction such
as
the walls roads bridges and other
infrastructures
that can be seen mostly in the
intramuros manila
tayaba's questions such as the malaga
long bridge and other
old catholic churches located in the
different areas in the philippines
the spanish introduced a formal
education through parish school
they brought with them their own culture
and practices
they established schools for boys and
girls
and introduced the concept of subject
and disciplines
it was the beginning of formal science
and technology in the country known as
school of science and technology
religion
reading writing arithmetic and music
were taught
scientific institutions were established
sanitation
and advanced method of agriculture were
taught to the nations
the spanish established colleges in
universities in the archipelago
the study of medicine in the philippines
was given priority
and contributed to the field of
engineering in the island
however the spanish government developed
exclusive health and educational systems
that were only enjoyed by the upper
class or principal of mass
trade is given more focus by the spanner
colonial authorities
due to the prospect of big profits
agriculture industrial development on
the other hand
are neglected but science during the
american occupation
modernized almost all aspect of life in
the philippines
this period is toward agriculture food
processing medicine
and pharmacy due to free trade policy
with the united states
which nurtures the economy towards
agriculture and trade
moreover the americans have more
influence in the development of science
and technology in the philippines
compared to spaniards they established a
public educational system
improved the engineering works and
health conditions of the people
they established modern research
university
such as the university of the
philippines philippine normal school now
philippine normal university
manila business school now polytechnic
university of the philippines
manila trade school now technological
university of the philippines
and created more public hospitals such
as philippine general hospital or pgh
lastly let's now move on to the
post-colonial period
after achieving independence from the
colonizers
the philippines under different
administration
continued to pursue programs in science
and technology
its leadership had its own science and
technology agenda
however it is important to note that
some philippine presidents
posted more development in the field
than others
one of the presidents who ushered in
advancement in science and technology
was former president ferdinand marcos
under his term many agencies in science
and technology were established and
strengthened
during ferdinand marcos two terms of
presidency
and during martial law he had enough
many laws promoting science and
technology
the advancement of science and
technology had been the priority
in the national government it was in
marcos time when pioneering
hospitals were built such as the
developing heart center
non-center of the philippines and the
national kidney and transplant institute
moreover on july 12 1980
the country's president ferdinand e
marcos
created the light rail transit authority
or
lrta as a government agency
the chairman was then the first lady and
governor of metro manila
imelda romales marcos this lrta confined
its activities to determining policies
to the regulation and fixing affairs
into the planning of the extension to
the system
the project was called metal rail and
was operated by a sister company of the
former
traumatic company morocco called metro
incorporated
he also established the philippine
atmospheric geophysical
and astronomical services administration
or pakasa under the department of
national defense
to provide environmental protection and
to utilize
scientific knowledge to ensure the
safety
of the people furthermore very
constituted
national academy of science and
technology was
improved to department of science and
technology
marcos saw the key to the nation
building is the continued development
of science and technology the progress
in science and technology
continued even after his presidency
which left a legacy
in this particular field
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