Detailed Anatomy of the Human Skull! The cranial, and facial bones and structures! New and Improved!
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the intricate anatomy of the human skull, detailing the cranial bones such as the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, occipital, and ethmoid bones. It highlights the unique structures associated with each bone, like the frontal sinuses, parietal sutures, temporal bone's mandibular fossa, and the sphenoid bone's sella turcica. The script also explores the ethmoid bone's nasal conchae and crista galli, the occipital bone's foramen magnum, and the mandible's features. It concludes with a look at the fetal skull, emphasizing the soft spots known as fontanelles, providing a comprehensive guide for students of anatomy.
Takeaways
- đ The skull is composed of cranial and facial bones, with the cranial bones including the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones.
- đșïž The occipital bone is the largest and surrounds the foramen magnum, which is the hole for the spinal cord.
- đ„ The frontal bone contains the frontal sinuses, which are visible in a sagittal section of the skull.
- đ The parietal bones are separated by the sagittal suture and bordered by the coronal suture.
- 𩮠The temporal bone features the mandibular fossa, which articulates with the jaw, and the external and internal auditory meati.
- đ The sphenoid bone, located in the temple region, has a distinctive butterfly shape and includes the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland.
- đ The ethmoid bone, part of the nasal region, contains the ethmoid sinuses and the crista galli with the cribriform plate on either side.
- đŠ· The mandible, or jaw, has the mandibular fossa that articulates with the temporal bone and the mandibular foramen.
- đïž The maxilla and zygomatic bones form the major part of the face, with the zygomatic bone also having a temporal process.
- đ¶ The fetal skull differs from the adult skull, featuring soft spots like the anterior and posterior fontanelles where the bones are not yet fused.
Q & A
What are the primary bones that make up the cranial portion of the skull?
-The primary bones that make up the cranial portion of the skull include the frontal bone, two parietal bones, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone.
What is the occipital bone's relation to the foramen magnum?
-The occipital bone is large and includes the area around the foramen magnum, which is the hole through which the spinal cord passes.
What structures are associated with the frontal bone?
-The frontal bone is associated with the frontal sinuses, which are visible in a sagittal section of the skull.
How are the parietal bones related to each other?
-The parietal bones are separated by the sagittal suture and bordered by the coronal suture.
What are the key features of the temporal bone?
-The temporal bone features the squamous suture, mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, and zygomatic process.
What is the function of the mandibular fossa on the temporal bone?
-The mandibular fossa is the articulation point for the temporomandibular joint, where it connects with the mandibular condyle of the jaw.
What is the sphenoid bone's location in relation to other skull bones?
-The sphenoid bone is located over the temple area and in front of the temporal bone, beneath the squamosal suture.
What is the sella turcica and its significance?
-The sella turcica is a chamber in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland, which is an important endocrine gland.
What are the nasal conchae and their location?
-The nasal conchae are round structures on the walls of the nasal cavity and are part of the ethmoid bone.
What is the crista galli and its relation to the ethmoid bone?
-The crista galli is a protruding structure in the middle of the ethmoid bone, which is also known as the rooster comb.
What is the foramen magnum and its role in the skull?
-The foramen magnum is a large hole at the base of the skull in the occipital bone, through which the spinal cord passes to connect with the brain.
What are the occipital condyles and their function?
-The occipital condyles are protrusions on the occipital bone that articulate with the first vertebra (C1), allowing for head movement.
What is the mandibular foramen and its significance?
-The mandibular foramen is a structure in the mandible that provides a pathway for the nerves and blood vessels that supply the lower jaw.
What is the difference between the anterior and posterior fontanelles in a fetal skull?
-The anterior fontanelle is a soft spot on the skull of a fetus where the bones have not yet fused, located at the front, while the posterior fontanelle is a similar but less pronounced area at the back of the skull.
Outlines
đ Anatomy of the Skull: Cranial Bones
The video segment begins with an exploration of the skull's anatomy, focusing on the cranial bones. These include the frontal bone, two parietal bones, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, and occipital bone. The occipital bone is highlighted as being particularly large, encompassing the area around the foramen magnum. The frontal bone is associated with the frontal sinuses, which are visible in a sagittal section of the skull. The parietal bones are separated by the sagittal suture and bordered by the coronal suture. The temporal bone features the squamous suture, mandibular fossa, and external auditory meatus, which are essential for understanding the skull's structure.
đ Temporal Bone and Sphenoid Bone Structures
This part of the script delves deeper into the structures of the temporal bone, such as the zygomatic process and internal auditory meatus, which are crucial for the bone's function and identification. The sphenoid bone, located at the temple area and in front of the temporal bone, is described with its characteristic butterfly shape. Key features of the sphenoid bone include the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland, and the optic foramina, which are essential for the passage of the optic nerves.
đ Ethmoid Bone and Occipital Bone Features
The ethmoid bone, with its intricate features within the nasal cavity, is discussed, including the nasal conchae and the perpendicular plate. The ethmoid sinuses are noted for their honeycomb-like structure. The video then shifts focus to the occipital bone, emphasizing its large size and the presence of the foramen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes. The occipital condyles, which articulate with the first vertebra, are also mentioned as important for head movement.
𩮠Mandible and Maxilla: Jaw and Cheekbone Structures
The script continues with an examination of the mandible, or jaw, detailing its features such as the mandibular fossa and condyle, which are essential for jaw articulation. The mandibular foramen, visible in an unattached jawbone, is also discussed. The zygomatic bone, or cheekbone, and its relationship with the temporal bone through the zygomatic process are highlighted. The maxilla, the major facial bone, and the vomer, a thin bone at the nasal septum, are also covered.
đ¶ Fetal Skull Characteristics
The final part of the script contrasts the fetal skull with that of an adult, pointing out the presence of soft spots known as fontanelles, which are the anterior and posterior fontanelles. These areas are significant as they indicate the skull's flexibility in infants. The script concludes with a brief mention of the other bones present in the fetal skull, such as the occipital and parietal bones, which are similar to those in adults but smaller and less developed.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄCranial bones
đĄFrontal sinuses
đĄSagittal suture
đĄTemporal bone
đĄMandibular fossa
đĄSphenoid bone
đĄEthmoid bone
đĄForamen magnum
đĄMandible
đĄZygomatic bone
đĄMaxilla
Highlights
Introduction to the anatomy of the skull, covering various bones and structures.
Description of the cranial bones, including the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, temporal, and occipital bones.
Explanation of the frontal bone and its associated frontal sinuses, viewable in a sagittal section.
Discussion on the parietal bones, their separation by the sagittal suture, and their border with the coronal suture.
Details on the temporal bone, including the squamous suture, mandibular fossa, and external auditory meatus.
Identification of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and its role in the structure of the skull.
Description of the internal auditory meatus as part of the temporal bone, important for hearing.
Overview of the sphenoid bone, its location, and its distinctive butterfly shape.
Mention of the sella turcica, a chamber in the sphenoid bone that houses the pituitary gland.
Explanation of the optic foramina in the sphenoid bone, which are pathways for the optic nerves.
Discussion on the ethmoid bone, its features, and its role in the nasal cavity and sinuses.
Identification of the crista galli and cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, important for olfactory function.
Description of the occipital bone, its large size, and its features like the foramen magnum and occipital condyles.
Explanation of the mandible, its features, and its articulation with the temporal bone.
Mention of the mandibular foramen, a key structure for the jaw's blood supply and nerve.
Identification of the zygomatic bone, or cheekbone, and its connection with the temporal bone.
Discussion on the maxilla, the major bone of the face, and its role in the structure of the skull.
Introduction to the fetal skull, highlighting differences from the adult skull, such as the anterior and posterior fontanelles.
Transcripts
[Music]
okay so today let me go over the anatomy
of the skull I'm gonna go over each of
the bones and each of the structures
associated with each of those bones that
you need to know for this class so first
let's start with the cranial cranial
bones you've got your frontal bone here
your two parietal bones your spin ID
bone temporal bone and the occipital
bone the occipital bone is very large
and it includes all of this area here
around the magnum foramen so all of this
is occipital bone
[Music]
okay so this is the frontal bone mmm the
structures that you need to know that
are associated with the frontal bone
only include the frontal sinuses which
is only viewable with this sagittal
section of the skull so here we have our
sagittal section and this area here
would be the frontal sinus so this is
the frontal bone and the structure here
is the frontal sinus of the frontal bone
we have the two parietal bones now the
parietal bones are separated with the
sagittal suture and they are also
bordered with the coronal suture which
is shown here so this is the coronal
suture coronal suture and sagittal
suture for the temporal bone which is
shown here the temporal bone has several
structures you need to know there is a
suture that runs horizontally this is
the squamous suture squamous suture
another feature that the temporal bone
has
is right here where it articulates with
the jawbone the indentation here that is
on the temporal bone this is the
mandibular fossa the mandibular fossa is
the articulation point for the and
emulator on dial which is on the
mandible or jaw
right here this is the external auditory
meatus otherwise known as the acoustic
canal or the external auditory canal so
this is also considered to be a
structure of the temporal bone so this
portion here is still considered part of
the temporal bone and this is the
zygomatic process of the temporal bone
so that is another structure of the
temporal bone that you need to know
now there's another structure that you
need to know hmm that is part of the
temporal bone and that is the internal
auditory meatus okay so here is the
external auditory meatus that I showed
you earlier and this travels quite a
distance actually through the bone and
it will come out in a small structure
right there so this is the internal
auditory meatus
you
so this is the internal auditory meatus
okay and that is the bone associated
with that is still the temporal bone
even though now we're on the inside of
the skull okay so temporal bone we've
got your squamous suture your zygomatic
process of the temporal bone
we've got your external auditory meatus
your where did it go
area your internal auditory meatus
there and there
and your mandibular fossa which is the
indentation for the articulation point
of the jaw next let's look at the
sphenoidal and the structures associated
with the sphenoid bone so from the
outside the sphenoid bone is going to
lie over the tent the area where you
have your temple and it's going to be in
front of the in front of the temporal
bone it's going to be this area right
here it's also going to be underneath
the squamosal suture so this is the spin
wide bone when we take an internal view
of the sphenoid bone we can really see
it in all of its glory the sphenoidal
this area right here which kind of looks
like a happy face to me like that would
be an eye that would be an eye and
there's a little smiley face here and
then it has these wings his winged
structure so if you were to just isolate
the area of the sphenoid bone you would
see this butterfly shape okay there are
a couple of structures that are part of
the spinet bone that you need to know
the first one is if you go right in the
middle of the happy face there is
actually a little chamber right here let
me see if I can give you guys a close-up
there mm-hmm
so if you could imagine this is an eye
and that's an eye and this is a little
smiley face right here there's a little
chamber this chamber is called the sella
turcica now the sella turcica is a
little chamber that houses your
pituitary gland
which lies at the inferior most point of
the of that section of the brain okay so
there would be the sella turcica also
associated with the spin white bone
would be your optic foramen plural would
be optic foramina so this here actually
gonna try to stick my stick my stick
through it there you go so this right
here would be the optic foramen foramen
and the optic foramen comes out here and
so basically the eyeballs that I pointed
out to you earlier on my imaginary moth
or butterfly of the sphenoid bone these
would be the optic foramen or I could
say optic foramina for being plural next
let's go ahead and look at the ethmoid
bone the ethmoid bone has a lot of
wonderful features from a few different
viewpoints so we're gonna start with the
viewpoint where we're just looking up
the of the nasal region here of our
skeleton all of these structures that we
see here inside of the nose are all part
of the ethmoid bone these are all part
of the ethmoid bone when you look very
closely hmm
this one doesn't have it quite as
pronounced as some other ones do there
are some round structures that are on
the walls of the nasal cavity here those
would be the nasal Concha Concha me
she'll cuz they kind of look she'll like
area here would be the perpendicular
plate of the ethmoid bone
so the sagittal section is the only
section of the skull that you would be
able to identify the ethmoid sinuses
much of it has been broken off however
you can see here some very thin brittle
honeycomb-like structures so these
structures here that would be the
ethmoid sinuses the ethmoid sinuses of
the ethmoid bone
you
so up here you have a a coma-like
structure that is protruding upwards or
superiorly
so this whole area that I'm outlining
right here is the is still ethmoid so
this is still the ethmoid bone the
structure here right in the middle that
is more pronounced that is going to be
the crista galli crista galli
which means rooster comb and then the
areas on the left and right sides of the
crista galli you're going to have the
cribriform plate the cribriform plate on
either side and that would be the
cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone and
the crista galli
of the ethmoid bone
so this region back here this is the
occipital bone and this suture here that
lines the occipital bone is the
lambdoidal suture the lambdoidal suture
and you might recall that the occipital
bone is deceivingly large because as we
as we look inferior lis all of this area
as well is all also going to be the
occipital bone
there are two more structures you need
to know associated with the occipital
bone this hole here this is the foramen
magnum meaning large hole this is the
hole that your spinal cord travels
through foramen magnum so this would be
the foramen magnum of the occipital bone
and there are two articulation points
one here and one here and these are like
little knuckles if you will that kind of
protrude out these are the occipital
condyles the occipital condyles and
these points are going to articulate
with the c1 vertebra so that your head
can move around which is always a good
thing so this is the jaw
now the jaw is called the mandible okay
so this is the mandible and the mandible
has has a couple of features that you
need to know about now you might
remember you might remember that we
talked briefly before about the
mandibular fossa and the mandibular
fossa is this indentation right here
that articulates with the jaw right so
this is the mandibular the mandibular
fossa articulates with the mandibular
condyle which is actually this
protruding point here on the mandible so
this is the mandibular condyle and this
on the temporal bone is the mandibular
fossa
you
yep there's one more thing you need to
know which is the mandibular foramen the
mandibular foramen you really need to
have a unattached jawbone in order to
really be able to see this and I'm
hoping that you'll be able to see this
through the video if not when you look
at it in person it's pretty easy to tell
so if you look at an angle actually I
can even put my stick right there so
that's kind of nice alright so this is
the mandibular foramen okay you have one
on either sides there's one there so
they kind of go at an angle and the
other one the bones that you feel on
your cheeks here and here
these cheekbones this area is the zygoma
it also call it the zygomatic bone or
the zygoma okay your cheekbones the
major area of the face here is going to
be the maxilla
now the zygoma also has a process right
so this is the zygoma right and you
might remember that this right here is
the zygomatic process of the temporal
bone well there's something similar
going on here we've got the zygomatic
bone which is protruding and having out
this process fishing back to the area of
the temporal bone so this is called the
temporal process of the zygomatic bone
or the temporal process of the zygomatic
bone the nasal bone whereas so this is
your perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
bone which I mentioned before this right
here at the bottom is the vomer that is
the vomer okay so you I mentioned the
vomer earlier and let's go ahead and
take another view of the vomer looking
at it inferior lis here
this Center structure here is the vomer
and then we can also see the maxilla and
the Palatine bone as well when you look
inside of the orbital region the bone
that is inside of the orbital region but
very very anterior here this is your
lacrimal bone this is where your
lacrimal gland lacrimal duct that allows
you to cry which you might be wanting to
cry right now is located so this is the
lacrimal bone okay so lastly so next
we'll go ahead and take a look at the
fetal skull the skull of the fetus has
some features that is not seen in the
adult skull and you can see a wonderful
wonderful illustration of that here so
this is what's commonly known as a soft
spot so we always want to make sure
we're careful of this area the
anatomical correct anatomical term for
this is the anterior fontanelle the
anterior fontanelle okay now you also
you also have this front area which is
the frontal suture this is the frontal
suture
now if I were to turn this around we
also have another soft spot that is less
pronounced but the bones are not fused
yet here either and this would be the
posterior fontanelle the posterior
fontanelle and the rest of this is very
similar to the adults you know we've got
our occipital bone parietal bone
temporal bones really tiny and way down
spin away
[Music]
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