BONES OF THE SKULL - LEARN IN 4 MINUTES
Summary
TLDRThis script offers an insightful overview of the human skull's composition, highlighting its 22 bones: 8 cranial bones that protect the brain and 14 facial bones. It details the cranial bones including the occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, parietal, and temporal bones, each with a specific role. The script also covers the six tiny ear bones, or ossicles, and their function. Additionally, it touches on the facial bones, such as the mandible, maxillae, and zygomatic bones, emphasizing their structure and movement capabilities.
Takeaways
- π§ The skull consists of 22 bones: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
- π The cranial bones include 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid, 1 frontal, 2 parietal, and 2 temporal bones.
- π All skull bones, except the mandible, are immovably joined by sutures.
- π¦ The sphenoid bone, located in the middle and lower portion of the neurocranium, resembles a butterfly.
- ποΈ The sphenoid bone is one of the seven bones that help form the eye socket (orbit).
- π§ The temporal bones house the smallest bones in the human body, the ossicles, which are involved in hearing.
- π There are three ossicles in each ear: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).
- π The facial bones include the mandible, vomer, maxillae, palatine, nasal bones, nasal conchae, zygomatic, and lacrimal bones.
- π The mandible is the largest facial bone and the only movable bone in the skull (besides the ossicles).
- π The external and internal acoustic meatus connect the outer, middle, and inner ears, playing a role in hearing.
Q & A
What are the main categories of bones that make up the skull?
-The skull is made up of two main categories of bones: eight cranial bones that enclose the brain and 14 facial bones. Additionally, there are six ear bones (ossicles).
What type of joints connect most of the skull bones?
-Most of the skull bones, except the mandible, are connected by sutures, which are a type of immovable joint known as synarthroses.
Which bones make up the eight cranial bones?
-The eight cranial bones include one occipital bone, one sphenoid bone, one ethmoid bone, one frontal bone, two parietal bones, and two temporal bones.
Where is the occipital bone located?
-The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull.
What is unique about the sphenoid bone and where is it located?
-The sphenoid bone resembles a butterfly and is located in the middle and lower portion of the neurocranium. It also forms part of the orbit.
Which bones contribute to the formation of the orbit?
-The orbit is formed by seven bones: the sphenoid bone, frontal bone, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone, zygomatic bone, maxillary bone, and palatine bone.
What are the smallest bones in the human body and where are they located?
-The smallest bones in the human body are the ossicles, located inside the petrous part of the temporal bone in the middle ear. There are six ossicles in total, three on each side: the malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup).
What is the function of the ethmoid bone and where is it located?
-The ethmoid bone is located between the eyes, at the roof of the nose. It separates the nasal cavity from the brain.
What is the mandible, and how is it different from other skull bones?
-The mandible is the jawbone, the largest bone in the human face, and the only movable bone in the skull, excluding the ossicles.
Which bones make up the hard palate?
-The hard palate is formed by the fusion of the maxillary bones in the front and the palatine bones at the back of the nasal cavity.
Outlines
π Overview of the Skull's Structure
The skull consists of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, as well as 6 small ear bones. All skull bones except for the mandible are immovably connected by sutures. The 8 cranial bones are the occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, parietal (pair), and temporal (pair) bones, each playing a key role in protecting the brain and supporting facial structures.
π¦ The Sphenoid Bone and Orbital Structure
The sphenoid bone is a butterfly-shaped bone located in the middle and lower portions of the neurocranium. It connects with 6 other bones, including the frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones, to form part of the eye socket (orbit). The ethmoid bone, positioned between the eyes, plays a role in separating the nasal cavity from the brain.
π§ Frontal and Parietal Bones
The frontal bone forms the forehead, consisting of two sections: a vertical portion and a horizontally aligned orbital portion. The parietal bones form the top and sides of the neurocranium, meeting at the skull's top. These quadrilateral-shaped bones provide structural support and protection for the brain.
π§ Temporal Bones and Middle Ear Ossicles
The temporal bones are found at the sides and base of the skull, overlaying the temples. These bones house the ossicles, the smallest bones in the body, located within the middle ear. Each set of ossicles (3 per ear) includes the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes), responsible for transmitting sound. The ear canal, or external acoustic meatus, connects the outer and middle ear, while the internal acoustic meatus connects the inner ear to the posterior cranial fossa.
𦴠Recap of Cranial Bones
The 8 cranial bones are reiterated: the occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal, parietal (pair), and temporal (pair) bones. These bones collectively form the protective neurocranium surrounding the brain and connecting to various facial structures.
π Overview of Facial Bones
The 14 facial bones include the mandible, vomer, maxillae (pair), palatine (pair), nasal (pair), nasal concha (pair), zygomatic (pair), and lacrimal (pair) bones. The mandible, the largest facial bone, is unique as it is the only moveable bone of the skull besides the ear bones.
π Facial Bones: Mandible, Vomer, and Maxillae
The mandible, or jawbone, is the largest and only moveable facial bone. The vomer forms the lower portion of the nasal septum, while the pair of maxillae fuse to form the upper jaw, which includes the hard palate. Together, the maxilla and palatine bones form the roof of the mouth.
π Nasal Bones and Concha
The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose, joining at the internal suture. The nasal concha, composed of three pairs (inferior, middle, and superior), help structure the upper chambers of the nasal cavity. These thin bones play a role in airflow and filtering within the nose.
π Zygomatic and Lacrimal Bones
The zygomatic bones, or cheekbones, articulate with the maxilla, temporal bone, sphenoid, and frontal bone. The lacrimal bones, located on the inner side of the orbital cavity, contribute to the eye socket structure. These bones support the eye and aid in tear drainage.
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Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Cranial Bones
π‘Facial Skeleton
π‘Sutures
π‘Neurocranium
π‘Sphenoid Bone
π‘Ossicles
π‘Orbit
π‘Mandible
π‘Nasal Cavity
π‘Fossae
Highlights
The skull is made up of 22 different bones: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
Cranial bones include one occipital bone, one sphenoid bone, one ethmoid bone, one frontal bone, a pair of parietal bones, and a pair of temporal bones.
Sutures are immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull, with the exception of the mandible.
The occipital bone is located at the back of the skull.
The sphenoid bone, shaped like a butterfly, is located in the middle and inferior portion of the neurocranium.
The ethmoid bone is found between the eyes, forming the roof of the nasal cavity.
The frontal bone forms the forehead and consists of a vertical portion and a horizontally oriented orbital portion.
Parietal bones form the top and sides of the neurocranium, joining together at the top of the skull.
Temporal bones are found on the sides and base of the skull, containing the ossicles within their petrous part.
The ossicles, the smallest bones in the body, include the hammer (malleus), anvil (incus), and stirrup (stapes).
There are six ossicles in total, three on each side of the head.
The mandible is the only moveable bone in the skull, apart from the ossicles, and is the largest bone in the human face.
The maxillae form the upper jaw and the hard palate, fusing together at the intermaxillary suture.
The nasal bones form the bridge of the nose, and the nasal concha consist of three pairs of thin bony elements in the nasal cavity.
Zygomatic bones, or cheekbones, articulate with the maxilla, temporal bone, sphenoid bone, and frontal bone.
Transcripts
the skull is made up of 22 different
bones eight cranial bones that enclose
your brain within the neurocranium and
14 facial skeleton bones there are also
six ear bones with the exception of the
mandible the bones of the skull are
joined by sutures which are a kind of
joint that is sin arthro do in other
words it can't move the eight cranial
bones include one occipital bone ones
Fino it bone one ethmoid bone one
frontal bone a pair of parietal bones
and a pair of temporal bones the
occipital bone is found at the back of
the skull the sphenoid bone can be found
in the middle and fear your portion of
the neurocranium and it kind of looks
like a butterfly it is in front of the
temporal bone and is one of the seven
bones that articulate to form the orbit
the other six are the frontal bone the
lacrimal bone the ethmoid bone the
zygomatic bone the maxillary bone and
the Palatine bone
the ethmoid bone is found between your
eyes located at the roof of the nose and
separates the nasal cavity from the
brain the frontal bone is the bone of
your forehead it has two portions the
vertical portion and also the
horizontally oriented orbital portion
the remaining four bones are a pair of
parietal bones and a pair of temporal
bones the parietal bones are joined
together at the top of the skull
together they form the top and sides of
the neurocranium each bone is roughly
quadrilateral in shape the temporal
bones can be found at the sides and base
of the skull
they are overlaid by what we call the
temples it is inside the petrous part of
the temporal bone that we find the
ossicles these are the bones of the
middle ear and are the smallest bones in
your body
a set of three ossicles is found on each
side of your head so there are six
ossicles in total these bones include
the hammer anvil and stirrup also called
the malleus incus and stapes
the ear canal which joins the outer and
middle ears is known as the external
acoustic meatus there is also the
internal acoustic meatus which is a tube
running from the inner ear to the back
of the skull to what's called the
posterior cranial fossa the three fossae
of this goal will be discussed in a
later video
so those were the eight cranial bones
again these included the occipital bone
the sphenoid bone the ethmoid bone the
frontal bone a pair of parietal bones
and a pair of temporal bones
for the facial bones the facial bones
include the mandible the vomer a pair of
maxillae a pair of palatine bones a pair
of nasal bones
a pair of nasal concha a pair of
zygomatic bones and a pair of lacrimal
bones the mandible is your jaw bone it
is the largest bone in the human face
and is the only moveable bone in the
skull apart from the ossicles the other
unpaired facial bone is the vomer which
forms the inferior part of the nasal
septum and articulates with the sphenoid
ethmoid palatine bones and maxillary
bones
a pair of maxillae are fused together at
the inner maxillary suture to form the
bone of the upper jaw this includes the
hard palate in the front of your mouth
the two palatine bones together with the
maxilla comprised the hard palate they
are located at the back of the nasal
cavity
the pair of nasal bones formed the
bridge of the nose and are joined at the
internal suture
the nasal concha are thin bony elements
forming the upper chambers of the nasal
cavities
they are composed of three pairs the
inferior middle and superior concha
pneumatic bones or your cheekbones
articulate with the maxilla temporal
bone sphenoid bone and frontal bone the
lacrimal bone is a small bone in the
front of the medial wall of the orbit if
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