Quantitative Research Design
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the realm of quantitative research design, elucidating its significance in academic research. It defines research design as a blueprint for data collection and analysis, emphasizing its role in structuring research around a problem or hypothesis. The script distinguishes between experimental and non-experimental designs, outlining specific types such as descriptive, longitudinal, correlational, true experimental, and quasi-experimental. Each design's purpose, from establishing cause-effect relationships to describing phenomena, is explored. The script also highlights the importance of randomization and control variables in true experiments, contrasting them with the limitations of quasi-experimental approaches. Practical examples are provided to illustrate how these designs can be applied in educational research, offering viewers a clear understanding of selecting the most appropriate research design for their studies.
Takeaways
- 📚 Research design is a master plan specifying methods and procedures for data collection and analysis.
- 🔍 The significance of research design is to guide the collection and analysis of data to answer research questions.
- 📈 Quantitative research design focuses on numerical data and relationships between variables.
- 📊 Non-experimental designs include descriptive, longitudinal, and correlational research methods.
- 🔬 Experimental designs involve cause and effect and are divided into true experimental and quasi-experimental.
- 📝 Descriptive research uses quantifiable descriptors like frequency count and percentage to describe phenomena.
- 📉 Longitudinal research extends over a longer period and involves repeated observations.
- 🔗 Correlational research seeks to find significant relationships between variables.
- ⚖️ True experimental design requires randomization, manipulation of the independent variable, and a control variable.
- 🧬 Quasi-experimental design lacks randomization or control variables, including pre-experimental and time series designs.
Q & A
What is quantitative research design?
-Quantitative research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collection and analyzing needed information, focusing on numerical data to answer research questions and control variants.
Why is research design significant in writing a research paper?
-Research design is significant as it provides a structured approach to solving research problems, helps in selecting the most appropriate method for gathering information, and ensures the research is anchored to the research problem.
What are the objectives of the session on quantitative research design?
-The objectives are to familiarize with the definition, purpose, and nature of different research designs under quantitative research, and to identify and select the most appropriate research design for a given problem.
According to William Hickman, what is a research design?
-According to William Hickman, a research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collection and analyzing needed information.
What is the role of research design in planning research?
-Research design plays a role in planning research by outlining the methods or procedures on how to collect and analyze data, ensuring a better plan based on the identified problem, hypothesis, and research questions.
What are the two types of quantitative research design?
-The two types of quantitative research design are experimental, which focuses on cause and effect, and non-experimental, which describes and relates variables.
What are the three types of non-experimental research design?
-The three types of non-experimental research design are descriptive, longitudinal, and correlational research designs.
What is a descriptive research design and how is it used?
-A descriptive research design is used to describe a certain condition or phenomenon in a given sample using quantifiable descriptors like frequency count, percentage, mean, and standard deviation.
How does a longitudinal research design differ from a descriptive research design?
-A longitudinal research design differs from a descriptive research design in that it involves a prolonged process and often requires a greater amount of time to gather data over an extended period.
What is a correlational research design and what is its purpose?
-A correlational research design is used to seek significant relationships between identified variables to determine if changes in one variable are associated with changes in another.
What are the characteristics of a true experimental research design?
-The characteristics of a true experimental research design include randomization, manipulation of the independent variable, and the presence of a control variable.
What is the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental designs?
-The difference between experimental and quasi-experimental designs is that experimental designs have randomization and control variables, while quasi-experimental designs lack randomization or the ability to manipulate variables and may not have a control group.
What are the examples of quasi-experimental designs mentioned in the script?
-Examples of quasi-experimental designs mentioned are pre-experimental and time series designs, which include one-shot case study, one group pre-test post-test design, and static group comparison.
How does the Solomon 4 group design combine elements of other experimental designs?
-The Solomon 4 group design combines elements of the pretest posttest control group design and the post test control group design by including four setups with two control groups and two experimental groups.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Quantitative Research Design
This paragraph introduces the concept of quantitative research design, emphasizing its importance in the research paper writing process. It outlines the session's objectives, which include familiarizing the audience with the definition, purpose, and nature of different research designs under the quantitative research umbrella. The paragraph also discusses the selection of the most appropriate research design for a given problem. Hickman's definition of research design as a master plan for data collection and analysis is presented, along with Kerlinger's view of it as a plan to obtain answers to research questions and control variants. The paragraph concludes with a distinction between quantitative and qualitative research methods, highlighting the focus on numerical data in quantitative research.
📊 Types of Quantitative Research Design
The second paragraph delves into the two main types of quantitative research design: experimental and non-experimental. Experimental designs are cause-and-effect studies, while non-experimental designs describe and relate variables. The paragraph further categorizes non-experimental designs into descriptive, longitudinal, and correlational research designs. Descriptive research is explained as a method to describe conditions or phenomena using quantifiable descriptors, such as frequency count and mean scores. Longitudinal research design is characterized by a prolonged process of data collection over time. Correlational research design aims to find significant relationships between variables. The paragraph provides examples of each type of design, such as a teacher's study on student performance or the relationship between family status and class attendance.
🧪 Exploring Experimental Research Designs
This paragraph focuses on experimental research designs, starting with the true experimental design that requires randomization, manipulation of the independent variable, and control variables. The paragraph explains that if any of these characteristics are missing, the design falls under quasi-experimental. It outlines examples of quasi-experimental designs, including pre-experimental and time series designs. The symbols for experimental observations (X for treatment, O for observation, R for random assignment) are introduced. The paragraph provides examples of pre-experimental designs such as one-shot case studies, one-group pre-test post-test designs, and static group comparisons, all of which lack random assignment.
📚 Examples of Pre-Experimental and True Experimental Designs
The fourth paragraph provides concrete examples of pre-experimental designs, such as a one-shot design where students are given a lecture followed by exercises, and a one-group pre-test post-test design where a diagnostic test is followed by the use of educational software and then an achievement test. It also describes a static group design where one group receives an intervention and the other does not. The paragraph then transitions to true experimental designs, which include pre-test post-test control group design, post-test only control group design, and Solomon four-group design. Each design is explained with an example, such as monitoring the effect of a new teaching method or evaluating the impact of reading intervention on academic grades.
📈 Solomon Four-Group Design and Conclusion
The final paragraph discusses the Solomon four-group design, which combines elements of pre-test post-test control group design and post-test only control group design. It is highlighted as the best experimental design due to its comprehensive setup with two control groups and two experimental groups. The paragraph summarizes the key points about research design, emphasizing its significance in structuring a research paper. The speaker concludes by expressing hope that the audience has gained a better understanding of research design and its application in research.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Quantitative Research Design
💡Research Design
💡Experimental Research Design
💡Non-Experimental Research Design
💡Descriptive Research Design
💡Longitudinal Research Design
💡Correlational Research Design
💡True Experimental Design
💡Quasi-Experimental Design
💡Solomon Four-Group Design
💡Randomization
Highlights
Introduction to quantitative research design and its significance in research papers.
Definition of research design as a master plan for methods and procedures according to William Hickman.
Research design's role in solving problems identified in the research.
The importance of anchoring all research activities to the research problem.
Quantitative research design focuses on numbers and variables.
Qualitative research design focuses on meanings through verbal or non-verbal data.
Quantitative research design comprises experimental and non-experimental types.
Descriptive research design involves frequency count, percentage, and statistical measures.
Example of descriptive research: Determining the number of non-readers by sex.
Longitudinal research design requires a prolonged process for data gathering.
Correlational research design seeks significant relationships between variables.
Example of correlational research: Investigating the relationship between sex and English performance.
True experimental design requires randomization, manipulation, and control variables.
Quasi-experimental design lacks randomization or control variables.
Pre-experimental designs include one-shot case study, one group pre-test post-test, and static group comparison.
Example of one-shot design: Lecture on sentence patterns followed by exercises.
Solomon 4 group design combines pre-test post-test control group and post-test only control group designs.
Conclusion on the importance of understanding research design for writing research papers.
Transcripts
hello everyone we are going to discuss
and this video
is about quantitative
research design
we're going to look into what is
research design
and what is the significance of the
research design
in writing a research paper
here in radical research 2
we are already know that what we are
going to look into is to write a
quantitative
type of research
so we are going to look back on what's
a quantitative research design since we
already discussed some points of the
quantitative research design during the
first quarter
the objectives for this session is we
familiarize ourselves
with the definition purpose
and nature of different research design
under the quantitative research
and then the second objective is to
identify
and select the most appropriate research
design
applicable for a given research problem
so let's look into the definition of a
research design
according to william
hickman
she defined research design as a master
plan
specifying the methods and procedures
for collection and analyzing the needed
information
we use the research design in order for
us to come up with a better plan on what
we are going to do on our research since
we already have our problem
our hypothesis
our research questions we already done
with the conceptual framework so we are
going to look into how we are going to
collect our data and from this research
design we are able to master it by
planning properly on the methods or
procedure on how we collect and analyze
our data
another definition
of research design is that
it is the plan
structure
and strategy of
investigation conceived so as to obtain
answers to research questions and to
control variants
this is according to
kerlinger in 1986
let us take note that when we use
research design we identify the
appropriate method of gathering
information
uh
research problem let us take note that
the research design is ideal to solve
the problems that we identify
let's take note also that all of what we
are doing should be anchored to our
research problem
research
let's look into this research methods
let's take note that we are focusing on
the quantitative research method we're
going to look into the
caricature the comics that we have
for the quantitative method you can see
there's a free ice cream
and according to another person only one
in 30 take the free ice cream
interesting so you will notice that the
there is a significant relationship
among variables through the numbers
research nato so quantitative research i
numbers
well on the qualitative method you will
see
one talking about what did you feel when
you saw the free ice cream
then yeah and
then the other person answered excited a
little scared
and
the other person asked again and why was
that so you will notice that uh the
qualitative research method
more focus
or focuses more on the meaning of
responses through verbal or a non-verbal
reactions or data
so what we are going to emphasize on the
research design that we are going to
choose that we are going to use
in our own research is that we are going
to look into the numbers
and the quantitative research design
comprises of two types we have the
experimental which is the cause and
effect and we have the non-experimental
which describes and relates variables
so
let's look into the
the different types or kinds
of experimental and non-experimental
research design
for the non-experimental research design
we have three we have descriptive
research design we have longitudinal
research design and we have
correlational research design
for experimental we have through
experimental design and a quasi
experiment design
let's have this example for descriptive
research a descriptive research it is a
design used to describe a certain
condition or phenomenon in a given
sample using quantifiable descriptors
it involves the use of frequency count
percentage likert scale
the mean
and standard deviation in answering the
research question so in the descriptive
type of research we use
the what we call in statistics the
measures of central tendency
the numbers that we are able to get from
this uh statistical data
will be under the descriptive type of
research
likert scale
descriptive
research
example
a teacher wants to determine the number
of her students group according to their
sex who are still
non-readers here there is a frequency
count
according
gender sex
so
belonging there's a frequency count
percentage
so that's an example of a descriptive
research design
another example is that a teacher wants
to determine the general academic
performance of her students
in mathematics so we have here
the mean scores
of their academic performance so we are
going to look into
on this type of research is a
descriptive research design this is much
common type of research design
for
education
and the descriptive type of research
so humanities students
and ict students may use
descriptive design
um more often compared to the stem
students
another example
of a non-experimental research design is
the longitudinal research design
it is used to describe a certain
condition or phenomenon in a given
population using quantifiable
descriptors when we say longitudinal
uh research design it
has a prolonged process
of a descriptive research major mahaba
and uh
it involves the use of frequency count
percentage record scale mean and
standard deviation in answering the
research questions as i said
longitudinal you need a
greater amount of time in order for you
to analyze to gather your data because
when you do the
longitudinal research you are
often to come up with
experiments or
treatments which needed
a much longer
time
for your
inter interventions
the last type of
experimental research design is the
correlational research design it is a
design used to seek significant
relationship between identified
variables so here you are going to look
into whether
variable a
has a significant relationship with
variable b or the independent variable
has a significant relationship with the
depend in the with the dependent
variable
so more on
if the
one increases maybe the other one
increases or if the one if one increases
the other one
decreases so we can look into that kind
of relationship
example a teacher wants to find out if
sex
can be a predictor of performance in
english
in his class
so there is
a relationship
you are going to find the relationship
between sex
and
performance in english sex means the
gender
male female on the performance in an
english class
then you have another example
a teacher wants to determine if
belonging to a broken family has a
relationship to students attitude
towards attending classes so here we are
going to look into
the relationship between a broken family
and attending classes
so if
there
so there is a correlational
uh research that will take place in this
kind of
situations
let's move on to
the experimental type of research so the
first one is the true experimental when
we say true experimental there are three
characteristics that we need
to
take note the first one
is it should be randomized
number two
it should be manipulated your
independent variable should always be
manipulated and there is
or there should be
a control variable
let us take note that in the
experimental in the true experimental
type of research
it should always be
or it should always have
a randomization which means that there
should be no bias
that will take place
on our research and if this type of uh
experimental research design small form
on on
uh
the stem students
let's take note that if one of the
characteristics is missing then it will
fall now under quasi-experimental
the quasi-experimental is a semi
experimental research design which lacks
the randomization
or that you will not be able to
manipulate or uh the variable or you
don't have a control variable so we have
two
examples of quasi-experimental we have
pre experimental and the time series
design
let's look into the symbols before we
uh
see the examples for experimental
research so x is the exposure of a group
to an experimental
or on a certain group
then o is for the observation so after
treatment or before treatment we measure
our
variables and then r is for the random
assignment of test units
so for our pre-experimental design we
have three
example types we have one short case
study
we have one group pre-test post-test
design and we have static group
comparison all of this have no random
assignment
we will not pick
samples from the population but what we
are going to do is to get the samples
who is available or which is available
already
or the researcher will choose
who will participate on a certain
experiment
in a one-shot case study you will have
the independent variable as your x
this is where you will have your
treatment or your experiment then after
that you will observe
the
outcome so that's all so that will be
your dependent variable
for the one group pretest post test
design you have an observation first
so you may have for example you want to
test
the performance of a student before you
conduct a certain module
as your treatment
so you will have
a post test right after
your treatment so you have your
observation and then your treatment and
then observation afterwards for the
static group comparison you now have an
experimental group and the control group
in the experimental group you have your
treatment which is x then you observe
what will happen
it's just like you have a one shot case
study but you have a control group where
you did not do anything
on that kind of group that's why it's
called a control group so
no circumstances some variables
starting control
group
on this kind of
pre-experimental design
so example one shot design a group of
students were given a lecture about
sentence patterns in english and then
were given a sum
exercises about it so you have
the x which is the treatment is the
exercises about
sorry we have the lecture
on the sentence patterns in english so
that's your treatment and then the
observation now is the exercises given
after the lecture
has been given
so that's one shot design
for one group pretest post test design
for example we have students in
homogeneous section hello
sorry
all boys or old girls homogeneous
section we're given a diagnostic test in
mathematics
or
all students with a grade of 90 in math
they are in one section that's how
homogeneous is
then
they designed a software to improve
learning outcomes in this subject
afterwards they were given an
achievement test to show
how technology can be successfully
implemented in the school so you have
your observation first
there is a diagnostic test given so
that's the first observation
and then the treatment is the use of
a technology
software that will improve the learning
outcomes
of the students
and then the last observation
as the post test is a achievement test
to show if the
program or the software is successfully
implemented
in the school
example for static group design so we
have a teacher is handling two groups of
non-readers
in order to find out the effectiveness
of their intervention she applied it to
one group while applying a traditional
approach to the other
so they have
here the experimental group
which uh
given a certain intervention for reading
and the control group did not receive
or
did not apply
the teacher did not apply on the control
group the intervention given to the
experimental group then right after that
they were observed
for the outcome of the
experiment
for true experimental design
so this
has random assignments we have pretest
post test control group design
so the difference of this to
the one
group pretest post this design is that
this has a random assignment
then we have post test only control
group destiny and then the solomon for
group testing
so for the random assignment sorry we
still have
yeah the pretest process control group
design or the fascicle experimental
design that we use
so you observe
first for experimental and control
and then you do the treatment on the
experimental and no treatment
on the control group
and right after the treatment on the
experimental we observe what happens to
the experimental and what happens to the
control group so that's pretest posttest
control group
for post test only control group design
there's no observation that will take
place
prior to the treatment
but we have a control group design
sorry i control group
so we have
the treatment and then the observation
while for the control group we only have
the
observation so let's have this example
in the pretest posttest control group
design researchers want to monitor
the effect of a new teaching method upon
two groups of children both with
pre-test and post-test
only the second group has the treatment
other areas included evaluating the
effects of counseling testing medical
treatments and measuring psychological
constructs
the only stipulation is that the
subjects must be randomly assigned to
groups
in a true experimental
display
so here
we have two observations
for the experimental we have the prey
and the post
after the treatment and in the control
group we have two observations but
without any
experimental
approach or treatment on that kind of
group and those who
were belong to the experimental group
and the control group has been randomly
selected
for the post tests only control group
design
let's have this example a teacher is
handling two groups of non-readers
in order to find out the effectiveness
of her intervention she applied it to
one group while applying a traditional
approach
to the other
so here we have a control
group
a random group
as well
and we have treatments right
and post tests after
the treatment
in the solomon 4 group design so it's a
combination of the pretest posttest
control group design and the post test
control
group design
so this is the example of solomon for
group design a researcher would like to
find out the effect of reading
intervention in the student's english
academic grade all groups undergo
randomization
and then
first group
students with intervention pre-tests and
posters
second group students with pre-test and
post-test only
the third group students with
intervention and post-test only and the
fourth group
students were given post tests only so
you will notice that the solomon for
group design
which is known to be the best
uh experimental
design
because you have four set ups with two
control group and two
experimental group
so that's the quantitative research
design i hope that you have learned
something and that we have able to
grasp the knowledge
to answer
our first question what is a research
design and what's the significance of
having research design and writing our
research paper
thank you very much and
goodbye
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