Nursing Research and EBP
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into nursing research and its evolution, emphasizing its importance in shaping 21st-century healthcare. It outlines the process of research, from formulating questions to analyzing data, and discusses various study designs, including quantitative and qualitative approaches. The script highlights the significance of evidence-based practice, the role of the National Institute of Nursing Research, and the ethical considerations in conducting research. It concludes by stressing the need for educators, administrators, consumers, and policymakers to understand and apply nursing research.
Takeaways
- π¬ **Nursing Research Definition**: It's a systematic inquiry to generate or refine knowledge, providing a scientific base for nursing practice and supporting quality and cost-effective interventions.
- π **Evolution of Nursing Research**: From Florence Nightingale's statistical studies during the Crimean War to the current focus on evidence-based practice in the 21st century.
- π₯ **Role of Nurses**: Nurses act as followers, managers, and leaders in healthcare organizations, applying research to improve patient care.
- π **National Institute of Nursing Research (NR)**: Supports research on critical health problems, providing a roadmap to enhance public health through scientific results.
- π **Research Process**: Involves formulating questions, reviewing literature, defining hypotheses, choosing a design, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings.
- π **Study Designs**: Include quantitative and qualitative methods, with the former focusing on statistical analysis and the latter on discovery through interviews and cultural perspectives.
- π§ͺ **Quantitative Designs**: Common types include case studies, surveys, needs assessments, meta-analyses, and experimental studies.
- π **Qualitative Designs**: Focus on understanding intangible experiences and cultural phenomena, with methods like phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory.
- π **Application of Research**: Nurses apply research findings to practice, influencing change and translating research into improved healthcare policies and protocols.
- π **Research Utilization**: Involves critical appraisal of research, using various forms of evidence, and ensuring ethical considerations are met in protecting human subjects.
Q & A
What is nursing research and why is it important?
-Nursing research is a systematic inquiry or study conducted to generate new knowledge or refine existing knowledge. It provides a foundation for practice decisions and behaviors, creating a strong scientific base for nursing. It also supports the quality and cost-effectiveness of interventions and demonstrates professional accountability to insurers and health care consumers.
How did Florence Nightingale contribute to the evolution of nursing research?
-Florence Nightingale began nursing research with a comprehensive statistical study of sanitation during the Crimean War. Although nursing research wasn't considered important at that time, her work laid the groundwork for future nursing research.
What was the focus of nursing research from the 1950s to the 1970s?
-During the 1950s to the 1970s, the focus of nursing research was on teaching, administration, and curriculum issues.
What is the definition of evidence-based practice in nursing?
-Evidence-based practice in nursing is the process of systematically finding, appraising, and using research findings as a basis for making decisions about patient care.
What is the role of the National Institute of Nursing Research (NR) in supporting nursing research?
-The National Institute of Nursing Research supports research on the biologic and behavioral aspects of critical health problems. It provides a roadmap to channel scientific results to enhance the health of all people, emphasizing areas such as health promotion, disease prevention, quality of life, health disparities, and end-of-life care.
What are the steps involved in the research process as described in the script?
-The research process involves formulating the research question or problem, defining the purpose of the study, reviewing related literature, formulating a hypothesis, defining variables, choosing a research design, selecting the population and sample, conducting a pilot study, collecting data, analyzing data, and communicating the conclusions.
What are the common quantitative research designs used in healthcare?
-Common quantitative research designs include case studies, surveys, needs assessments, methodologic studies, meta-analyses, experiments, quasi-experiments, secondary analysis, and pilot studies.
How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?
-Qualitative research is designed for discovery rather than verification, with the main technique being interviewing. It focuses on intangible experiences and aims to provide an understanding of the patient's lived experience. Common types of qualitative research include phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory.
What are some ways that nurses can apply research findings to their practice?
-Nurses can apply research findings through enlightenment, implementation of research-based protocols, or the widespread adoption of standards based on research findings. They can also incorporate research into their practice by using large databases, electronic health records, and sophisticated statistical techniques.
Why is critical appraisal of nursing research important?
-Critical appraisal of nursing research is important to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. It involves processes like blind review and evaluation of abstracts and findings to ensure that the research is of high quality and can be used effectively in practice.
What are some ethical considerations in conducting nursing research?
-Ethical considerations in nursing research include protecting human subjects' rights, ensuring that research proposals are examined by an institutional review board or human subjects committee, and adhering to historical lessons from unethical research practices, such as the Nazi experiments and the Tuskegee syphilis study.
Outlines
π¬ Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
This paragraph introduces the concept of nursing research and its evolution. It discusses the role of the nurse as a follower, manager, and leader in applying research to practice, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based health care in the 21st century. The definition of nursing research as a systematic inquiry to generate or refine knowledge is provided, highlighting its role in supporting practice decisions, behaviors, and interventions. The paragraph also outlines the historical development of nursing research, starting with Florence Nightingale's work during the Crimean War, through various phases focusing on education, teaching administration, and health care delivery issues, to the current focus on evidence-based practice. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NR) is mentioned as a supporter of research on critical health problems, providing a roadmap to enhance public health. The process of research, from formulating questions to communicating conclusions, is briefly described, including the importance of study designs in data collection and analysis.
π Understanding Study Designs in Nursing Research
This paragraph delves into the various types of study designs used in nursing research, including quantitative, qualitative, triangulation, and pilot studies. Quantitative designs are described as statistical analyses of numerical data, with a focus on precision and the need for multiple studies over time. Common quantitative designs such as case studies, surveys, needs assessments, methodologic studies, meta-analyses, experiments, quasi-experiments, secondary analysis, and pilot studies are explained. Qualitative designs are introduced as discovery-oriented methods, with a focus on understanding intangible experiences and cultural perspectives. Phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory are mentioned as key qualitative research methods. The paragraph also discusses the application of research findings in practice, the importance of critical appraisal of nursing research, and the various forms and levels of evidence that nurses can use to inform their decisions.
π Utilizing Research in Nursing Practice
This paragraph emphasizes the importance of using research in nursing practice and the various ways in which research findings can be applied. It discusses the growth of databases, electronic health records, and statistical techniques that enhance the examination of practices and the comparison of intervention effectiveness. The paragraph highlights the importance of critically appraising nursing research through processes like blind review and peer review. It also touches on the different types and levels of evidence, including journal articles, systematic reviews, intervention guidelines, patient values, and expert opinions. The paragraph provides examples of evidence-based practice, such as the use of heparinized saline for flushing IV catheters and clinical practice guidelines developed by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The discussion concludes with the ethical considerations in research, the role of institutional review boards, and historical examples of unethical research, emphasizing the need to protect human subjects' rights in all research endeavors.
π Conclusion and Further Inquiry
The final paragraph summarizes the importance of nursing research and evidence-based practice, emphasizing the roles of educators, healthcare administrators, consumers, and policymakers in promoting and utilizing research findings. It calls for the preparation of students, fostering of research by administrators, education of consumers, and informing of policymakers to ensure that research translates into healthcare policy. The paragraph concludes with an invitation for further questions or inquiries related to the course content, encouraging ongoing engagement with the material.
Mindmap
Keywords
π‘Nursing Research
π‘Evidence-Based Practice
π‘Healthcare Organization
π‘Scientific Evidence
π‘Florence Nightingale
π‘National Institute of Nursing Research (NR)
π‘Research Design
π‘Quantitative and Qualitative Designs
π‘Critical Appraisal
π‘Ethical Issues in Research
Highlights
Nursing research is essential for providing health care based on the best available scientific evidence.
Nursing research generates knowledge that indirectly affects nursing care processes.
Florence Nightingale initiated nursing research with a focus on sanitation during the Crimean War.
20th-century nursing research evolved from education to teaching administration and curriculum issues.
In the 1980s, nursing research began utilizing computers for data collection and analysis.
The 1990s saw a focus on health care delivery issues such as cost, quality, and access.
21st-century nursing research emphasizes evidence-based practice for clinical decisions.
The National Institute of Nursing Research supports studies on critical health problems.
Research designs include quantitative, qualitative, triangulation, and pilot studies.
Quantitative designs involve statistical analysis of numerical data from samples and populations.
Qualitative designs are discovery-oriented, with interviewing as a main technique.
Nurses apply research findings to practice and have a broader responsibility to society.
Research use can take various forms, including enlightenment and implementation of research-based protocols.
Evidence-based practice involves reviewing different types and levels of evidence, such as journal articles and guidelines.
Critical appraisal of nursing research is crucial, including blind review and peer review.
Ethical issues in research must ensure the protection of human subjects' rights.
Educators, healthcare administrators, consumers, and policymakers all play roles in promoting nursing research.
Transcripts
nursing research and evidence-based
practice the role of the nurse as a
follower manager and leader of a Health
Care Organization in applying research
to practice is defined in the context of
21st century demands for providing
Health Care based on the best available
scientific
evidence so what is nursing research
well the definition indicates that it's
a systematic inquiry or study that's
conducted to generate new knowledge or
to refine existing
knowledge results provide foundation for
practice decisions and
behaviors results create strong
scientific base for
nursing results Provide support for the
quality and coste effectiveness of
interventions the application of results
demonstrates professional accountability
to insurers and Health Care
consumers and nursing research generates
knowledge in areas that indirectly
affect nursing care
processes so let's discuss a little bit
about the evolution of Nursing
Research nursing research began with
Florence nighale especially during the
cran
War during this time period nursing
research wasn't considered important
Florence Nightingale made a
comprehensive statistical study of
Sanitation then research focus in the
1900s to the 1940s was based upon
Nursing education student
characteristics and student
satisfaction then research Focus from
the 50s to the 70s was about teaching
Administration and curriculum issues
in the 1980s research Focus was more uh
about qualified researchers there was
widespread availability of computers for
data collection and Analysis and then we
had a lot of qualitative
studies during the 1990s healthc care
delivery issues such as cost quality and
access was a
focus and as we go into the 21st century
it uh the focus is based upon
evidencebased for practice increasingly
research findings are being used as the
basis for clinical
decisions um evidence-based practice can
be defined as the process of
systematically finding appraising and
using research findings as a basis for
making decisions about patient
care let's talk about the NR research
folky the National Institute of Nursing
Research supports research on the
biologic and behavioral aspects of
critical health problems that confront
the nation the NR provides a basic road
map to channel scientific results to
enhance the health of all people these
areas
are health promotion and disease
prevention Quality of
Life Health
disparities in the area of end of life
life these areas of research emphasized
published by the NR are useful guides
for investigators that are developing
proposals but they are not considered to
be the stringent in
nature so research it's a process that
takes place in a series of
steps first you want to formulate the
research question or problem
Define the purpose of this
study review any related
literature at this point you're going to
formulate a hypothesis and uh Define any
variables then you choose a research
design select your population your
sample and your
setting then you're going to conduct a
pilot study
you're going to begin collecting the
data then of course you're going to
analyze this data that you've
collected and then we're going to
communicate the
conclusion so let's talk about some
study
designs these are plans that tell a
researcher how the data is to be
collected and then from whom the data is
going to be collected and how the data
will be analyze to answer specific
research
questions these designs are often
referred to as quantitative qualitative
triangulation and pilot studies as we go
through this lesson we're going to
discuss quantitative and qualitative in
detail triangulation is the use of
qualitative and quantitative methods
pilot studies are smallscale studies
that are often preliminary research
studies and typically include
participants who are similar learn to
those who will be used in the larger
research study now we're going to
proceed to discuss quantitative and
qualitative
designs quantitative designs or studies
are a statistical analysis of numerical
data that's obtained from samples and
populations these studies usually
produce knowledge about very precise
topics creating a need for multiple
studies over multiple years before
conclusive knowledge is resulted so
let's review the most common
quantitative designs used in
healthcare we have the case study this
provides an indepth analysis of a single
subject group institution or social
unit we have the survey this is used to
collect large amounts of information
with little expenditure of time and
money
then we have the needs assessment this
determines what is most beneficial to an
aggregate
group then we have methodologic uh this
focuses on development and testing
instruments to improve the reliability
and
validity we have
metaanalysis uh that's an advanced
process by which research on a specific
topic is reviewed and then the findings
of multiple studies are statistically
analyzed and expressed
quantitatively there is experimental
these are studies that include the
manipulation of one or more independent
variables random assignment to a control
or treatment group and then observation
of the outcome or effect that is
presumably the result of the independent
variable then we have the Quasi
experimental this lacks one of the
components of experimental design for an
example we have random ization control
group or manipulation of one or more of
the
variables then we have secondary
analysis this involves asking new
questions on data that's collected
previously the data may have been
generated from previous formal research
or may have been gathered through any
previous systematic collection of
data then we have triangulation this is
a use of various research methods or
data collection Tech techniques in the
same
study and we also have pilot studies
these are small scale studies referred
to as a feasibility studies and the
purpose is to identify strengths and
limitations of larger plan study
remember earlier I had discussed the
pilot studies in
triangulation okay now let's look at the
qualitative Design This is a method of
research that's designed for Discovery
rather then for verification the main
technique used in is interviewing in
this type of design the main types of
research
are phenomenology this is a method used
to study intangible experiences such as
grief hope or risk-taking those are just
a few examples it is designed to provide
an understanding of the patient's lived
experience well we also have ethnography
this is a method used to study phenomena
from a cultural
perspective and then we have grounded
Theory this is a method designed to
explore a social
process individual nurses May apply
research findings to their own practice
however nurses have a broader
responsibility to society that includes
activating the change process in trans
ating Research into
practice so what do we use research for
there is an extensive concern that
nurses have failed to realize the
potential for using research findings as
a basis for making decisions and
developing
interventions research use can be in a
variety of forms Enlightenment
implementation of a research-based
protocol or the widespread adoption of
Standards based on research findings
there are all all types of ways that we
can incorporate
research so let's think about you know
where do you get your research well with
the growth of large databases the use of
electronic health records and
sophisticated statistical techniques
examining practices in real world
situations and comparing the
effectiveness of interventions is
enhanced locating published research
focus on the usefulness of computer ized
databases such as salal and Medline and
the annual review of Nursing
Research then once you choose your
research make sure that you have a
critical appraisal of the nursing
research we have such things such as the
blind review and then of course abstract
and findings that may be the easiest
sections of a research report for the
novice to actually understand nurses at
all levels of educational preparation
should critic L read research Journal
articles and research summary articles
before using
them so when you talk about using
Research into evidence base there are
different types and levels of evidence
that you would actually review evidence
exist in many forms and so a few of
these that we're going to mention
are a journal article describing a
single study
systematic review methods such as
metaanalysis and meta
synthesis intervention
guidelines patient values and
preferences expert
opinion then there is Theory based
information and of course compiled
databases okay remember earlier I talked
about critical appraisal of Nursing
Research such as the blind review
abstract and findings these articles are
accepted on a competitive basis and are
peer
reviewed some of these uh examples of
evidence-based practice based on the
critical
appraisals um even though much work
remains to be done the potential effect
of research on healthc care knowledge
and practice can actually be
demonstrated by some such of these
examples
are heiz versus saline for flushing
peripheral intravenous
catheters interventions such as exercise
for cancer related
fatigue prevention and treatment of
pressure
ulcers clinical practice guidelines that
are developed by the agency for Health
Care policy and research in 1992
some examples of their research are
acute pain Care Management in infants
children and
adolescen prediction and prevention of
pressure ulcers in
adults and identification and treatment
of urinary incontinence in
adults these are just a few of the
examples of evidencebased practice based
upon
research when you're talking about
research um you cannot eliminate ethical
issues it is important to make sure
through any research study that human
subjects ethical rights are
protected the institutional review board
or the human subjects committee are
required by institutions that are
receiving Federal funding to examine
research
proposals prior to allowing any research
search to occur to make sure that no
human subjects ethical rights are
infringed
upon there are historical examples of
unethical research can you think of
anything off the top of your
head well remember in history we had the
Nazi experiments the uh tus syphilis
study in the Jewish chronic disease
hospital that was done in New York City
so now let's
summarize Educators must prepare
students to appreciate and conduct
research and evaluation at their level
of
preparation healthc care administrators
must Foster
research consumers must be educated
about the value of nursing
research and policy maker makers must be
informed about the findings so results
can be translated into Health Care
policy this concludes the lesson on
nursing research and evidence-based
practice if you have any questions
related to course content contact the
instructor
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