Operators & Operands | Godot GDScript Tutorial | Ep 02
Summary
TLDRThis script delves into the fundamentals of programming, focusing on operands, operators, and their roles in manipulating values within a program. It explains assignment operators, including various shortcuts, and discusses the significance of comparison operators for evaluating expressions. The script further explores logical operators, illustrating how 'and', 'or', and 'not' evaluate truth values, emphasizing their importance in debugging and decision-making in code.
Takeaways
- 📘 Operands in programming are numerical, text, boolean values, or object values that can be manipulated.
- 🔍 Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder.
- 📌 Assignment operators assign values to variables, with the simple assignment operator being the equal sign.
- 🔄 Shortcut assignment operators combine an operation and assignment, such as 'x += y' which is equivalent to 'x = x + y'.
- ⭕ The remainder assignment operator provides the remainder of division, which can be useful for specific applications.
- 🔎 Comparison operators compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison, such as '==' for equality and '!=' for inequality.
- ⏏️ Logical operators in GDScript include AND (&&), OR (||), and NOT (!), used to evaluate boolean expressions.
- 🔒 The AND operator returns false if any operand can be converted to false, stopping evaluation from left to right.
- 🚀 The OR operator returns true if any operand can be converted to true, also stopping evaluation from left to right.
- 🔄 The NOT operator inverts the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand is false and vice versa.
- 🧠 Understanding the conversion of values to boolean and the order of evaluation by logical operators is crucial for effective debugging and code logic.
Q & A
What are operands in the context of programming?
-Operands are numerical values, text, and boolean values that a program can manipulate.
What is the role of operators in programming?
-Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
What is the purpose of assignment operators in programming?
-Assignment operators assign the value of the right operand to the left operand, with the simple assignment operator being the equal sign.
Can you provide an example of an assignment operator in GDScript?
-An example is 'x += y', which is a shorthand for 'x = x + y', and assigns the sum of x and y to x.
What is the function of the remainder assignment operator?
-The remainder assignment operator gives the remainder of the division of the right operand by the left operand.
How does a comparison operator work in programming?
-A comparison operator compares its operands and returns a boolean value based on whether the comparison is true.
What is the difference between the equal and not equal operators?
-The equal operator checks if two operands are the same, while the not equal operator checks if they are different.
What does the greater than operator symbolize in a comparison?
-The greater than operator symbolizes that the left operand is larger than the right operand.
How does the logical AND operator determine its result?
-The logical AND operator returns true only if all operands can be converted to true; if any can be converted to false, it returns false.
How does the logical OR operator differ from the AND operator?
-The logical OR operator returns true if at least one operand can be converted to true, whereas the AND operator requires all operands to be true.
What is the purpose of the NOT operator in logical expressions?
-The NOT operator is used to invert the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand can be converted to false, and vice versa.
Can you explain the concept of truthy and falsy values in programming?
-Truthy values are values that are considered true in a boolean context, like non-zero numbers or non-empty strings. Falsy values are those considered false, such as 0, false, or empty strings.
Outlines
📘 Understanding Operands and Operators
This paragraph introduces the fundamental concepts of operands and operators in programming. Operands are numerical values, text, boolean values, or object values that a program can manipulate. The example given includes the operands 1, 2, x, and y, with operators like addition and subtraction signs. The explanation also covers assignment operators, such as the equal sign for simple assignment, and other assignment operators like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder assignment. The purpose of each operator is detailed, providing clarity on their use in programming.
🔍 Exploring Comparison and Logical Operators
The second paragraph delves into comparison and logical operators. It explains how comparison operators work to compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison's outcome. The paragraph covers operators for equality, inequality, greater than, less than, and greater than or equal to. Logical operators are also introduced, including AND (denoted by '&&' or 'and'), OR (denoted by '||' or 'or'), and NOT (denoted by '!' or 'not'). The behavior of these operators is illustrated with examples, showing how they evaluate truth values and affect the flow of a program.
🤖 Logical Operators in Depth
This paragraph provides a deeper understanding of logical operators, focusing on their operational precedence and behavior. It explains the logical AND operator's requirement for all operands to be true to return true, and the logical OR operator's ability to return true if any operand is true. The NOT operator is also discussed, which inverts the truth value of a single operand. The paragraph uses examples to illustrate how these operators can affect the evaluation of expressions in programming, emphasizing their importance in decision-making processes within code.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Operands
💡Operators
💡Assignment Operators
💡Addition Assignment Operator
💡Comparison Operators
💡Logical Operators
💡AND Operator
💡OR Operator
💡NOT Operator
💡Remainder Assignment Operator
💡Greater Than and Less Than Operators
Highlights
Operands in programming are numerical, text, and boolean values that can be manipulated.
Operators are symbols used to manipulate and check operand values, such as addition and subtraction signs.
Assignment operators assign values to variables based on the value of another operand.
The simple assignment operator is the equal sign, used to assign the value of the right operand to the left operand.
Additional assignment operators include subtraction, multiplication, division, and remainder assignment.
Shortcut versions of assignment operators, such as 'x += y', are equivalent to 'x = x + y'.
The remainder assignment operator provides the remainder of a division operation.
Comparison operators compare operands and return a boolean value based on the comparison.
The equal operator checks if two operands are equal, while the not equal operator checks for inequality.
The greater than and less than operators are used to compare the values of operands.
The greater than or equal to and less than or equal to operators check for value equality and order.
Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT, used to combine and evaluate boolean expressions.
The AND operator returns false if any operand can be converted to false, starting from the left.
The OR operator returns true if any operand can be converted to true, starting from the left.
The NOT operator inverts the truth value of a single operand, returning true if the operand is false.
Understanding logical operators helps in debugging code by knowing which values are checked first and second.
Logical values can be thought of as being converted to true or false, with the NOT operator returning the opposite.
Transcripts
so what exactly are upper ends upper
ends are numerical texts and boolean
values that a program can manipulate
operands can also be object values in
this case the upper ends are 1 & 2 along
with the variables x and y now operators
are symbols used to manipulate and check
operand values in this case our
operators would be the addition sign and
the subtraction sign
other common signs such as the
multiplication and division symbols are
also operators let's take a look at
assignment operators assignment
operators a sign of value to its left
operand based on the value of its right
operand the simple assignment operator
is the equal sign which assigns the
value of its right operand to its left
operand in this case we are signing the
variable X with the value that is stored
in the variable Y here are some other
assignment operators you'll be using in
Gd script you have the additional
subtraction multiplication division and
remainder assignment you can write these
out by saying that the value or rather
the upper end on the left will be
assigned the values of x plus y you can
also use the shortcut version x plus
equals Y which is the same as writing
out X is equal to X plus y on the left
side you'll notice the written out
version and on the right side you'll
notice the shortcut version these are
fairly straightforward assignment
operators that do exactly what you see
addition adds subtraction subtracts
multiplication multiplies division
divides and remainder the remainder
assignment operator is a special case
operator in which it gives you the value
or rather the remainder of the division
so if you want the result of the
division you use the division
operator however if you want the
remainder of what you / then you use the
remainder assignment operator you'll
most likely never use this unless you're
doing something special with it but just
keep in mind if you want an easy way to
get the remainder of your division this
is the operator you will use let's take
a look at the comparison operators a
comparison operator compares its
operands and returns a logical value
based on whether the comparison is true
in this case the logical value will be a
boolean value now to see if two operands
are equal use the equal operator the
equal operator if you end up using one
equal sign what you're doing is you're
assigning the right operand to the left
so just keep that in mind to see if two
upper ends are not equal use the not
equal operator in this case the not
equal operator is an exclamation point
followed by an equal sign and what you
are trying to convey is if X does not
equal to the value on the right in this
case one now if X is equal to one and
you follow this operator what you will
be returned is the value false
now if the value of x is any other value
than the number one then this operator
will return the logical value true
moving on to see if the left operand is
greater than the right operand
used the greater than operator pointing
to the right in this case you want to
see if the left operand X is greater
than the right upper end number one if X
were two then this will return true now
if X is equal to one or any other number
that is less than one this operator will
return false moving on to see if the
right operand is greater than the left
operand use the greater than operator
pointing to the left in this case the
greater than operator for the right
operand will be using the left arrow
symbol and what you are trying to convey
is if the rate operand 1 is greater than
the left upper end X if X is 0 then this
operator will return back true because 1
will be greater than 0
however if X is 1 or any number greater
than 1 then this operator will return
false moving on to see if the left upper
end is greater than or equal to the
right operand use the greater than or
equal to operator pointing to the right
the greater than or equal to operator
will be the right arrow symbol followed
by an equal sign what you're trying to
say is if X is greater than or equal to
1
if X is 1 or any number greater than 1
this operator will return true however
if X is any number less than 1 then this
operator will return false to see if the
right operand is greater than or equal
to the left upper end use the greater
than or equal to operator pointing to
the left in this case we're using the
left arrow symbol followed by an equal
sign what we're trying to say with this
is if 1 the upper end on the right is
greater than or equal to the left upper
end in this case if X is 1 or any number
below 1 then this operator will return
true however if X is any number bigger
than 1 then this operator will return
false let's move on to the logical
operators ngd script there are three
logical operators the n symbol the or
symbol and the not symbol let's take a
look at the end symbol first the logical
and operator is denoted by the 2m purse
and symbols or the word and in Gd script
it will return false as long as any of
the upper ends can be converted to false
starting from the leftmost upper end
let's go ahead and take a look at how
the logical operator upper
so we have a variable X which is equal
to true and the logical operator and so
we are checking to see that x + 1 can be
converted to true now the logical
operand will first check to see if the
left operand can be converted to false
if it can the value false will be
returned otherwise it will check to see
if the second upper end can be converted
to false if the second upper end can be
converted to false it will return false
otherwise it will return true so let's
take a look at how this works
since variable X is equal to true our
logical and operator will first check
the left operand in this case the
variable X X can be converted to true or
rather X is true
so therefore the logical operator moves
on to the right operand in this case 1
now one can be converted to true and
because X and 1 are true our logical
operator returns back true let's go
ahead and see what will happen to the
logical operator if our variable X is
now false
now with X being false our logical
operator will first check the left
operand and check if it can be converted
to false since X is false the logical
operator won't even bother checking the
right operand it will just return false
it's good to know how the logical
operand operates in your programming it
makes it easier to debug your code when
you know which values the logical upper
end is checking first and then second
let's move on to the logical operator or
the logical or operator is denoted by
two vertical bars or the word or it will
return true as long as any of the
operands can be converted to true
starting from the leftmost
operand the difference between the or
and the end operator is that the or
operator is checking to see if an upper
end can be converted to true before
stopping its operation whereas the and
operator is checking to see if a upper
end can be converted to false before
stopping its operations let's go ahead
and
the logical or operator in action now on
the first line we have declared that a
variable X will equal to false the
logical or operator now the logical or
operator will first check the left upper
end and see if it can be converted to
true now because X is equal to false the
logical or operator will then move on to
the next upper end on the right in this
case 1 now one can be converted to true
and because one can be converted to true
what our logical operator or will do is
return true now let's go ahead and see
what the order of operations would look
like with this or operator if our
variable X were to be true instead of
false now because our X is now true the
logical or operator will first check to
see if X can be converted to true now
because X can be converted to true what
our logical or operator does is it stops
all operations and returns true because
our logical or operator is just checking
to see if one value can be converted to
true now I'd like to reiterate that the
difference between the logical or
operator and the logical and operator is
that the logical or operator is checking
to see all operands and stops its
operations once it can convert a single
operand to true and it returns true if
it does find an upper end that can be
converted to true whereas the end
operator is trying to see and convert
all operands to false because if it can
find a single operand that can be
converted to false it will stop all
operations and return false moving on to
the last operator the last logical
operator is the nut operator it is
denoted by the exclamation mark symbol
or the word not it can be used to check
a single upper end and it will return
false if its operand can be converted to
true otherwise it will return true a
little confusing but let's go ahead and
take a look at this example here
we have a variable X which is equal to
false we use the not operator in this
case not X and in this case since the
upper end X cannot be converted to true
it will return true in this case because
X is false and because folks cannot be
converted to true our not operator will
return true let's go ahead and take a
look at what our upper end returns if
our variable X were to have the value
true in this case since the value of
true is converted to true in this non
statement what we return is false an
easy way to think about it is if
whatever your value can be converted to
in a logical value whether your value
can be converted to true or false just
return the opposite the more you
understand values and what they can be
converted to the easier time you will
have with this logical operator not an
easy way to think about this is if you
have the 0 false or no your value in the
not operator will always be true and
everything else will be false
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