Oraciones SUBORDINADAS ADJETIVAS de relativo NGLE

Summary

In this video, the instructor discusses the different types of relative subordinate clauses in Spanish grammar. The focus is on adjective clauses, specifically relative clauses with explicit antecedents, free relative clauses, and semi-free relative clauses. The lesson explains the function and structure of each type, providing examples and emphasizing the importance of understanding the antecedent and relative pronouns. The instructor also compares these with other subordinate clauses, offering tips for identifying them and analyzing their components. The video is an insightful guide to mastering the complex world of subordinate clauses in Spanish.

Takeaways

• 😀 Subordinate adjective clauses (oraciones subordinadas adjetivas) are a type of relative clauses in Spanish grammar.
• 😀 Traditional grammar classified subordinate adjective clauses into two types: explanatory (with commas) and specifying (without commas). However, the new grammar recognizes three types.
• 😀 The three types of subordinate adjective clauses are: relative clauses with expressed antecedents, free relative clauses, and semi-free relative clauses.
• 😀 An antecedent in a sentence is essential for identifying a relative clause. For example, 'the children who scream are my neighbors' has 'the children' as the antecedent.
• 😀 A relative clause can be replaced with the relative pronoun 'the which', 'the who', or 'the which', and still retain its meaning, e.g., 'the children who scream' becomes 'the children, who scream'.
• 😀 Free relative clauses do not have an antecedent and can function as adverbial modifiers of place, time, manner, etc.
• 😀 When a relative clause is introduced by a relative pronoun (like 'who', 'how', 'when'), it becomes a free relative clause.
• 😀 The relative clause can serve a variety of functions within the main sentence, such as subject, direct object, or adverbial modifier.
• 😀 Semi-free relative clauses are formed when an adjective is used in place of a noun, often preceded by an article. For example, 'the beautiful' instead of 'the beautiful girl'.
• 😀 To identify and analyze a subordinate clause, always locate the verbs in the sentence and use their structure to differentiate the main and subordinate clauses.

Q & A

What are the three types of relative subordinate clauses mentioned in the script?

The three types of relative subordinate clauses are: 1) Subordinate clauses with explicit antecedents (antecedente preso), 2) Free relative clauses (relativas libres), and 3) Semi-free relative clauses (relativas semilibres).

What is the main function of a relative subordinate clause?

The main function of a relative subordinate clause is to act as an adjective, providing more information about a noun or noun phrase, often accompanying a noun or even standing in place of it.

How are relative subordinate clauses differentiated in traditional grammar versus the new Spanish grammar?

In traditional grammar, relative subordinate clauses are divided into two types: explanatory (between commas) and specifying (without commas). In the new Spanish grammar, three types are distinguished, with a focus on the antecedent and the role of the relative pronouns.

What is the role of the antecedent in relative subordinate clauses?

The antecedent is the noun or noun phrase that the relative clause modifies. It is crucial in identifying the type of relative clause, particularly in distinguishing subordinate clauses with explicit antecedents.

How does a relative clause function when the antecedent is omitted?

When the antecedent is omitted, as in semi-free relative clauses, the clause still functions as an adjective, but the antecedent must be inferred, often by adding an article before the relative pronoun.

Can you give an example of a relative subordinate clause with an explicit antecedent?

An example is 'Los niños que gritan son mis vecinos' ('The children who shout are my neighbors'). Here, 'los niños' is the antecedent, and the relative clause 'que gritan' modifies it.

What is the function of the relative pronoun 'que' in the example 'los niños que gritan son mis vecinos'?

'Que' acts as both a relative pronoun and a connector that links the relative clause to the antecedent 'los niños'. It also serves to introduce the clause that further describes the children.

What is a free relative clause, and how does it differ from other types?

A free relative clause does not have an explicit antecedent and functions as a flexible modifier within the sentence. It is introduced by a relative pronoun or adverb, such as 'quien', 'donde', or 'cómo'.

How can you identify a semi-free relative clause?

A semi-free relative clause is identified by the presence of an article before the relative pronoun and the omission of the antecedent. For example, 'Las que aprobaron mostraron su alegría' ('Those who passed showed their happiness'), where 'las' stands in for the omitted antecedent.

What is the grammatical significance of relative clauses in sentence structure?

Relative clauses significantly influence sentence structure by modifying nouns, thereby affecting how information is presented and clarifying or specifying the meaning of the subject or object in the sentence.