Repelita Masa Orde Baru

Summary

This video provides an in-depth overview of Indonesia's economic and social development during President Soeharto's New Order regime, focusing on the Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita). It covers the key goals, achievements, and challenges faced in each Repelita period from 1969 to 1998, such as agricultural development, industrialization, education, and economic growth. Despite significant progress in infrastructure, education, and national stability, the economy eventually faltered due to a global financial crisis, marking the downfall of the New Order.

Takeaways

• 😀 The New Order government in Indonesia, under Soeharto, focused on improving the welfare of society through economic and social development.
• 😀 The government implemented a series of Five-Year Development Plans (Repelita), starting from Repelita 1 (1969-1979) to Repelita 6 (1994-1998).
• 😀 Repelita 1 focused on agricultural development, particularly increasing food production like rice, leading to a 9.4% annual economic growth.
• 😀 In Repelita 2 (1974-1978), the focus was on creating more job opportunities, improving income distribution, enhancing market structures, and emphasizing education.
• 😀 Repelita 2 also saw the building of 100,000 schools and hiring over 500,000 teachers, alongside subsidies to improve agricultural and industrial efficiency.
• 😀 Repelita 3 (1979-1984) introduced the 'Trilogi Pembangunan' (Trilogy of Development), focusing on equity, economic growth, and national stability.
• 😀 Repelita 3 also introduced the concept of eight areas of equity, including basic needs, education, healthcare, income distribution, and regional development.
• 😀 Repelita 4 (1984-1989) shifted focus to reducing dependency on the oil and gas sector, creating new jobs, and fostering industrial growth to boost the economy.
• 😀 In Repelita 5 (1989-1994), significant improvements were seen in transportation, communication, and education, with literacy rates reaching 89.6% for men and 78.7% for women.
• 😀 Repelita 6 (1994-1998) faced economic challenges, including the Asian financial crisis, and focused on industrial development. During this period, Indonesia became one of the largest debtor nations in the world.

Q & A

What was the main focus of Soeharto's government during the New Order era?

Soeharto's government during the New Order focused on improving the welfare of the people through economic and social development.

What were the Repelita programs, and how many were implemented?

Repelita programs were Five-Year Development Plans initiated during the New Order era. A total of six Repelita programs were implemented, spanning from 1969 to 1998.

What was the main goal of Repelita 1 (1969-1979)?

The main goal of Repelita 1 was to focus on agricultural development, particularly increasing food production, like rice, and achieving economic growth, which reached 9.4% per year.

How did the economy grow during Repelita 1?

During Repelita 1, the economy grew at a rate of 9.4% per year, supported by increased activities in forestry, exports of timber, and mining.

What was the focus of Repelita 2 (1974-1978)?

Repelita 2 focused on expanding employment opportunities, improving income distribution, and enhancing regional development, with an emphasis on education and non-economic sectors.

How did the oil and timber industries influence the economy during Repelita 2?

The oil industry and timber exports played a significant role in the economic growth during Repelita 2, alongside domestic and foreign investments.

What was the concept of 'Trilogi Pembangunan' introduced in Repelita 3 (1979-1984)?

The 'Trilogi Pembangunan' or 'Trilogy of Development' in Repelita 3 consisted of three goals: equitable distribution of development results, high economic growth, and a healthy, dynamic national stability.

What were the 'eight pathways to equity' introduced in Repelita 3?

The 'eight pathways to equity' in Repelita 3 aimed at ensuring equitable access to basic needs, education, health services, income, employment, business opportunities, participation in development, and justice.

How did Repelita 4 (1984-1989) differ from the previous plans?

Repelita 4 shifted focus toward reducing dependence on the oil and gas sector, creating new jobs, and boosting industrial growth to enhance economic development.

What was the impact of the 1997 financial crisis on Indonesia's economy and the New Order government?

The 1997 financial crisis severely disrupted Indonesia's economy, leading to a downturn. This economic instability contributed to the fall of the New Order regime.