Kondisi Ekonomi Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Baru

Summary

This script explores Indonesia's economic conditions during President Soeharto's leadership, particularly in the 'New Order' era. It highlights Indonesia’s rise as the 'Tiger of Asia' due to initiatives like the Repelita, focusing on self-sufficiency in rice production. The government’s economic policies aimed at long-term and short-term stability, including tackling high inflation, rehabilitating infrastructure, and boosting agricultural and industrial sectors. Through the five-year plans (Repelita), the government prioritized economic growth, national stability, and equitable development, particularly in agriculture and manufacturing, setting the stage for Indonesia’s economic recovery and growth during the 1980s and 1990s.

Takeaways

• 😀 The economic situation under President Soeharto's leadership, also known as the New Order era, is the focus of the discussion.
• 😀 Indonesia was once called the 'Tiger of Asia' due to its economic progress, particularly in achieving self-sufficiency in rice production during the 1980s.
• 😀 At the beginning of the New Order era, Indonesia faced serious economic issues, including an inflation rate of 650%, resulting in rising prices and damaged agricultural infrastructure.
• 😀 The New Order government introduced two economic policies: long-term and short-term, to stabilize and rehabilitate the economy.
• 😀 Short-term economic measures during President Soeharto’s early administration focused on stabilizing inflation and rehabilitating infrastructure.
• 😀 Inflation, which reached 650%, was successfully reduced to 120% by 1969 through effective government policies.
• 😀 The rehabilitation efforts included repairing infrastructure and production facilities, particularly in agriculture, to restore economic stability.
• 😀 The government launched the 'Repelita' (Five-Year Development Plan) starting in 1969, which aimed at laying the foundation for national development.
• 😀 Repelita 1 (1969) focused on rehabilitating critical infrastructure and improving the investment climate for businesses.
• 😀 Repelita 2 (1974-1979) and Repelita 3 (1979-1984) aimed at achieving economic growth, national stability, and equitable development, with an emphasis on agriculture and light industry.
• 😀 By Repelita 4 (1984-1989) and Repelita 5 (1989-1994), the government continued to focus on agriculture but also started emphasizing industrial development.

Q & A

What nickname did Indonesia receive during the New Order era?

Indonesia was nicknamed the 'Tiger of Asia' during the New Order era, particularly due to its achievements in rice self-sufficiency by the 1980s.

What was the main focus of the New Order government when it first took office?

The New Order government focused primarily on economic development, aiming to improve the economic conditions that were dire at the time.

What were the major economic challenges faced by Indonesia at the beginning of the New Order government?

At the beginning of the New Order, Indonesia faced challenges such as extreme inflation (650%) and the destruction of agricultural production tools, leading to a decline in the welfare of the people.

How did the New Order government address the country's economic problems?

The New Order government implemented a two-pronged economic policy: short-term measures to stabilize the economy, and long-term plans for development, particularly in agriculture and infrastructure.

What were the key goals of the New Order's short-term economic programs?

The key goals of the short-term programs were to rehabilitate infrastructure, control inflation, and stabilize the economy to reduce the soaring cost of living.

What was the outcome of the New Order's economic stabilization efforts?

The New Order's economic stabilization efforts were successful, reducing inflation from 650% to 120% by 1969, and beginning to repair agricultural and production infrastructure.

What was the purpose of the Repelita program, and when did it begin?

The Repelita (Five-Year Development Plan) program began in 1969, and its purpose was to provide a structured framework for Indonesia's development, with a focus on infrastructure, agriculture, industry, and economic growth.

What was the focus of Repelita 1 (1969-1974)?

Repelita 1 focused on rehabilitating critical infrastructure and creating a favorable environment for business and investment.

What were the goals of Repelita 2 and 3 (1974-1984)?

Repelita 2 and 3 focused on economic growth, national stability, and equitable development, with a special emphasis on agriculture and transforming raw materials into processed goods.

How did the focus shift in Repelita 4 (1984-1989) and Repelita 5 (1989-1994)?

In Repelita 4 and 5, while maintaining progress in agriculture, there was a stronger focus on industrial development, especially processing raw materials into finished products.