Kerajaan Jawa Kuno, Kanjuruhan: Sejarah Kerajaan Tertua di Jawa Timur Cikal Bakal Malang Raya

Summary

The video explores the rich history of the Kanjuruhan Kingdom in East Java, detailing its establishment, rulers, and cultural significance. It traces the kingdom's origins, particularly focusing on King Dewa Siwa and his successor Gajayana, whose reign saw prosperity in governance, arts, and security. The script also highlights Kanjuruhan's relationship with the Mataram Kingdom, including its integration into Mataram's empire. Additionally, it showcases archaeological evidence, such as the Dinoyo inscription and Badut Temple, shedding light on the kingdom’s historical impact. The video provides a comprehensive yet engaging view of Kanjuruhan’s legacy in Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kanjuruhan is an ancient kingdom in East Java, historically overlooked due to its geographical position outside the main Java kingdom line.
• 😀 The existence of Kanjuruhan is evidenced by the Dinoyo Inscription, which was written in Old Javanese script and Sanskrit, dating back to 765 CE.
• 😀 Candi Badut, an important historical site, shows the worship of the Hindu god Siwa, with a statue of the sage Agastya and symbols representing the god in the form of a Lingga.
• 😀 The kingdom was ruled by King Dewa Siwa, who built a large palace and a temple dedicated to Siwa, further marking the significance of the kingdom's religious practices.
• 😀 After Dewa Siwa, King Gajayana ruled Kanjuruhan, expanding its territory from the eastern and western slopes of Mount Kawi to the northern part towards the Java Sea.
• 😀 Under King Gajayana, Kanjuruhan flourished in government, economy, society, and arts, maintaining peace with little crime and strong law enforcement.
• 😀 King Gajayana’s daughter, Utjana, was wed to Prince Jarania from Parade, continuing the royal lineage of Kanjuruhan after Gajayana's passing.
• 😀 In the 9th century, the Kanjuruhan kingdom came under the influence of the Mataram Kingdom, with Kanjuruhan being referred to as 'Rekriyan Kanuruhan,' meaning the region's ruler.
• 😀 The expansion of the Mataram Kingdom was marked by both military conquests and alliances, extending into East Java, including Kanjuruhan.
• 😀 Historical records and artifacts such as the Prambanan temple complex reflect the connections between Kanjuruhan and Mataram, including contributions like the donation of a building by Kanjuruhan’s king to the temple complex.

Q & A

What is the historical background of the Kanjuruhan kingdom?

Kanjuruhan was an ancient kingdom located in East Java, specifically in the Malang region. It was a significant kingdom, yet often overlooked in the broader history of East Java due to its location outside the central Java kingdoms' historical timeline.

What evidence exists of the Kanjuruhan kingdom's existence?

The existence of Kanjuruhan is supported by historical artifacts such as the Dinoyo Inscription and the Badut Temple. The Dinoyo Inscription, which was found in Malang, mentions the kingdom's golden era, dating back to 765 CE, and the Badut Temple contains sculptures dedicated to deities like Agastya.

What does the Dinoyo Inscription reveal about Kanjuruhan?

The Dinoyo Inscription, found in the Dinoyo village of Malang, uses Old Javanese script alongside Sanskrit. It commemorates the peak of Kanjuruhan's power, specifically around 765 CE, marking it as a significant period in the kingdom's history.

What was the role of Dewa Siwa in the Kanjuruhan kingdom?

Dewa Siwa was a king who led the Kanjuruhan kingdom, known for his pious devotion to the Hindu god Shiva. During his reign, he built the Badut Temple, which housed a statue of Agastya, a revered sage, symbolizing spiritual teachings and wisdom.

Who succeeded Dewa Siwa in ruling Kanjuruhan?

Dewa Siwa was succeeded by his son, Lisua (sometimes read as Limwa), who then became the king known as Gajayana, continuing the royal lineage of Kanjuruhan.

What was the territorial scope of Kanjuruhan under King Gajayana?

Under King Gajayana, Kanjuruhan expanded its territory significantly. The kingdom stretched across the eastern and western slopes of Mount Kawi, extending northward to the Java Sea, covering a vast and fertile area.

How did the kingdom of Kanjuruhan manage its security and governance?

The kingdom was known for its stable and peaceful governance. During King Gajayana's reign, there was minimal crime, and the king enforced strict laws, ensuring peace and order with few instances of theft or robbery.

What role did King Gajayana's daughter play in the kingdom?

King Gajayana's daughter, Utjana, was the heir to the throne. She was married to a prince from the neighboring kingdom of Parade, Pangeran Jarania, and together they ruled Kanjuruhan after Gajayana's passing.

How did the kingdom of Kanjuruhan interact with Mataram Kuno?

In the 9th century, Kanjuruhan fell under the influence of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom, as Mataram Kuno expanded its power into eastern Java. During this period, Kanjuruhan was integrated into Mataram's administrative structure as part of its territories.

What historical contribution did the Kanjuruhan kingdom make to the Prambanan Temple complex?

During the reign of King Rakai Pikatan of Mataram Kuno, it is believed that the Kanjuruhan kingdom contributed to the construction of the Perwara Temple, part of the Prambanan Temple complex. This act symbolized Kanjuruhan's integration into Mataram Kuno's broader cultural and architectural projects.