Sejarah Sebenarnya Berdirinya Kerajaan Mataram Kuno

Summary

This video delves into the rich history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom, an influential power in the Indonesian archipelago from the 8th to the 10th century AD. Originating in Central Java, the kingdom was known for its religious tolerance, balancing Hinduism and Buddhism. The video explores the kingdom's rise, the key rulers like Sanjaya and Rakai Mataram, its capital shifts, and major temples like Borobudur and Prambanan. The transition to East Java, due to political and natural factors, marks another key phase in Mataram’s evolution. The kingdom's legacy continues to influence modern-day Indonesia, particularly in Yogyakarta and Central Java.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Ancient Mataram Kingdom, also called the Hindu Mataram or Medang Kingdom, was a successor of the Kalingga Kingdom in Java, existing from the 8th to 10th century AD.
• 😀 The kingdom had both Hindu and Buddhist characteristics and is distinct from the later Islamic Mataram Kingdom.
• 😀 Bumi Mataram refers to the old name for Yogyakarta and its surrounding areas, believed to be the kingdom's initial location.
• 😀 The kingdom was founded by Sanjaya, titled Rakai Mataram, and its capital moved several times during its history.
• 😀 The Ancient Mataram Kingdom is divided into two periods: Central Java (732–929 AD) under Sanjaya and Syailendra Dynasties, and East Java (929–1600 AD) under the Isyana Dynasty.
• 😀 The capital moved to East Java under Mpu Sindok due to political instability, natural disasters, threats from other kingdoms, and economic/religious reasons.
• 😀 Notable temples built by the kingdom include Borobudur, Prambanan, Kalasan, and Sewu, reflecting strong religious tolerance between Hindus and Buddhists.
• 😀 During the Central Java period, the capital shifted among locations like Mataram, Wage, Pop, and back to Mataram, corresponding to modern-day Yogyakarta and Magelang.
• 😀 The kingdom's East Java centers included Tamulang and Watugaluh, estimated around present-day Jombang.
• 😀 After the Medang Kingdom collapsed, successor kingdoms under the Mataram Dynasty arose, eventually leading to the Islamic Mataram era and the establishment of Surakarta and Yogyakarta Sultanates.
• 😀 The marriage between Princess Pramodhawardhani (Buddhist) and Rakai Pikatan (Hindu) symbolizes religious tolerance and cooperation between dynasties.
• 😀 The Ancient Mataram Kingdom is renowned for its contributions to culture, architecture, and promoting peaceful coexistence between different religions.

Q & A

What is the Ancient Mataram Kingdom and where was it founded?

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom, also known as the Hindu Mataram or Medang Kingdom, was a significant kingdom in the archipelago, founded around the 8th century AD. It is believed to have been located in what is now Central Java, with its capital initially situated in the land of Mataram, later moving to East Java.

Why is the Ancient Mataram Kingdom sometimes called the Hindu Mataram Kingdom?

It is referred to as the Hindu Mataram Kingdom to distinguish it from the Islamic Mataram Kingdom, which emerged later. The Ancient Mataram Kingdom had strong Hindu and Buddhist influences, especially evident in its religious and cultural practices.

What were the main factors that led to the relocation of the capital of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom in 929 AD?

The capital was moved to East Java in 929 AD due to several factors, including political instability, frequent power struggles, the eruption of Mount Merapi, threats from other kingdoms such as Sriwijaya, and religious/economic reasons, like the lack of a port for trade.

Who was the founder of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom, and what dynasty did they belong to?

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom was founded by Sanjaya, who was part of the Sanjaya Dynasty. He is recognized for his role in establishing the kingdom's power in the region.

How long did the Ancient Mataram Kingdom last, and when did it come to an end?

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom lasted from the 8th century AD to around the 10th century AD. It eventually collapsed, leading to the rise of successor kingdoms like Kahuripan, Jenggala, Kediri, Singasari, Majapahit, and others.

What role did the temple inscriptions play in understanding the history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom?

Temple inscriptions, along with sources like the Carita Parahyangan and news from China, are crucial in understanding the history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. These inscriptions document the political, cultural, and religious aspects of the kingdom.

What were the two main periods in the history of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom based on its location?

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom can be divided into two periods: the first when the capital was in Central Java under the Sanjaya and Syailendra Dynasties, and the second when it moved to East Java under the Isyana Dynasty.

What are some famous architectural relics from the Ancient Mataram Kingdom?

Some of the most famous architectural relics from the Ancient Mataram Kingdom include Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, Kalasan Temple, and Sewu Temple, all of which are located in Central Java and Yogyakarta.

What was the significance of religious tolerance in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom?

Religious tolerance was a hallmark of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. Leaders and citizens of different religious backgrounds coexisted harmoniously. This is evident in the construction of both Hindu and Buddhist temples, such as the Hindu Shiva temples near Borobudur, a Buddhist site.

How did the marriage between Pramodhawardhani and Rakai Pikatan reflect the religious diversity of the kingdom?

The marriage between Pramodhawardhani, a Mahayana Buddhist princess, and Rakai Pikatan, a Hindu Shiva king, symbolizes the religious harmony and tolerance in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. This union was crucial in maintaining peace and cooperation between different religious groups in the kingdom.