Penyatuan Kerajaan di Jawa oleh Sanna dan Sanjaya

Summary

This video delves into the history of the unification of kingdoms in Java, focusing on the Canggal Inscription, dated to 732 CE, and its connection to King Sanjaya. It highlights the complex dynastic relationships between rulers such as Ratu Sima, King Sanaha, and Sanjaya, detailing the political dynamics, marriages, and the eventual rise of Sanjaya as the ruler of Java. The video explores the historical significance of the Medang Galuh kingdom, the downfall of the Tarumanegara dynasty, and the consolidation of power under Sanjaya, who became the singular ruler of Java in the 8th century.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Canggal Inscription, dating from 654 Saka (732 CE), is the oldest written record mentioning the island of Java, praising its fertility and rich resources.
• 😀 The inscription mentions a sacred building dedicated to Shiva, surrounded by holy rivers, and highlights the prosperity of Java under the reign of King Sanjaya.
• 😀 Sanjaya, a descendant of the Kalingga kingdom, succeeded his brother, and his reign marked the unification of Java under one rule, especially through marriage alliances.
• 😀 King Sanjaya’s rule was a result of the consolidation of power between the Medang Galuh and Tarumanegara kingdoms, through strategic marriages and alliances.
• 😀 The inscription outlines the political structure of the region, mentioning the influential families and their contributions to Java's unification under Sanjaya's rule.
• 😀 Medang Galuh's power during Sanjaya's reign extended from the western tip of Java to the eastern regions, encompassing territories like Jenggala (Surabaya).
• 😀 The unification of Java also involved the merging of Hindu and Buddhist influences, with a syncretic belief system practiced during Sanjaya's time.
• 😀 The death of King Sanjaya in 723 CE was shrouded in controversy, involving poisoning orchestrated by a Tarumanegara prince, which led to a political upheaval in the region.
• 😀 Sanjaya's death sparked a revolt, leading to the reclaiming of the Medang Galuh kingdom from Tarumanegara and the eventual destruction of Tarumanegara’s capital.
• 😀 After the collapse of Tarumanegara, Sanjaya’s successor ensured the continuity of Medang Galuh’s rule, and the power consolidation across Java was completed, establishing a unified kingdom.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Canggal inscription?

The Canggal inscription, dated 654 Saka (732 CE), is the oldest written source that mentions the island of Java (Jawadwipa). It praises the fertility of Java and the prosperity it brings, including its abundant rice fields and gold mines. It also refers to a sacred building dedicated to the worship of Shiva.

Who was Sanjaya, and what was his role in the history of Java?

Sanjaya was a ruler in the 8th century who succeeded his father, Raja Sana, to lead the kingdom of Medang Galuh. He played a key role in the unification of Java, consolidating power over the entire island, as recorded in the Canggal inscription. His reign marked the period of Medang Galuh's dominance in Java.

What is the relationship between Raja Sana and Sanjaya?

Raja Sana was the father of Sanjaya. Sanjaya succeeded Raja Sana as the ruler of Medang Galuh after his father passed away. The transition of power was significant in the context of Java's unification under the rule of Sanjaya.

What was the role of Ratu Sima in the history of Medang Galuh?

Ratu Sima was the ruler of the Kalingga kingdom and an ancestor of both Raja Sana and Sanjaya. Her influence is seen in the bloodline of the rulers of Medang Galuh and their ties to the Kalingga dynasty, which played a crucial part in the formation of the Medang Galuh kingdom.

How did the kingdoms of Medang Galuh and Tarumanegara interact?

The kingdoms of Medang Galuh and Tarumanegara were historically connected through royal marriages. For example, Ratu Sima's descendants from Medang Galuh were allied with the Tarumanegara kingdom through the marriage of Manasih (the daughter of the Tarumanegara king Linggawarman) to Raja Sana, further solidifying the relationship between the two kingdoms.

What led to the unification of Java under Raja Sana?

The unification of Java under Raja Sana was largely due to his strategic marriage to Manasih, the daughter of the Tarumanegara king Linggawarman. This union consolidated the power of the two kingdoms, Medang Galuh and Tarumanegara, allowing Raja Sana to extend his control over the entire island of Java.

What happened after the death of Raja Sana?

After Raja Sana's death, the throne was seized by a prince from the Tarumanegara kingdom, who had been involved in a conspiracy to poison Raja Sana. This resulted in a violent power struggle, with people loyal to Raja Sana fighting to reclaim Medang Galuh, which had been taken over by the Tarumanegara faction.

Who was responsible for the death of Raja Sana?

The death of Raja Sana was orchestrated by a prince from the Tarumanegara kingdom, who poisoned Raja Sana. This act led to widespread unrest, and the subsequent power struggle saw the rise of Sanjaya, Raja Sana's son, who eventually reclaimed Medang Galuh and continued the unification of Java.

How did Sanjaya manage to reclaim power in Medang Galuh?

Sanjaya, after learning of his father's murder, rallied the forces of Medang Galuh and its allies, including people from Kalingga and other parts of Java. He led a successful campaign to reclaim Medang Galuh, defeating the forces of the Tarumanegara kingdom, and continued the consolidation of power across Java.

What role did the Canggal inscription play in documenting the history of Java?

The Canggal inscription serves as an important historical document that records the unification of Java under Sanjaya. It mentions the flourishing of the island, the dedication of sacred places, and the reign of Raja Sana and his successor Sanjaya. The inscription provides valuable insight into the political and cultural landscape of 8th-century Java.