energy meter | energy meter working principle | single phase induction type energy meter | in hindi

Mind of Engineer

7 Dec 202308:26

Summary

TLDRThis lecture delves into the intricacies of single-phase induction type energy meters, essential for measuring electrical energy consumption across domestic and industrial circuits. It explains the construction and operation of energy meters, highlighting the driving system's electromagnet and aluminum disk, which interact to measure energy usage. The lecture also touches on the advantages of energy meters, such as cost-effectiveness and accuracy, and discusses the disadvantages like susceptibility to inaccuracies due to factors like disc registration variability. It emphasizes the need for smart grids to enhance power transmission efficiency and reduce losses, which are significant in traditional grid systems.

Takeaways

📈 The lecture discusses the Single Phase Induction Type Energy Meter in detail, which is used to measure the electrical load that consumes energy and the energy utilized across it.
🏗️ Energy meters are used in domestic and industrial AC circuits for majoring the power consumption of the load.
🧲 The energy meter is less sensitive and performs accurate management. It consists of a construction diagram that includes a driving system with an electromagnet as the main component.
🔗 Silicon steel is used to make the electromagnet core, which provides an easy path for the magnetic field lines due to its low reluctance.
🔄 The moving system's main element is an aluminum disk mounted on an alloy soft iron, which rotates when the load consumes power, and the number of rotations is counted to measure power consumption in kilowatt-hours.
🛠️ The breaking system uses a permanent magnet to reduce the rotation of the aluminum disk, which produces breaking torque and opposes the movement of the disk, thus controlling its speed.
🔢 The counting mechanism, also known as registration, records the aluminum disk rotations because they are directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load.
💡 The script highlights the advantages of energy meters, such as their simple construction, strength, low cost, and the ability to operate accurately in any weather condition.
⚡️ The lecture points out the disadvantages of single-phase induction type energy meters, like increased magnetism due to various factors and changes in disk registration, which can disturb the operation.
🌐 The script emphasizes the need for smart grids to reduce electricity losses and improve power transmission efficiency, especially in India, where transmission and distribution losses are high.
🔋 The World Resources Institute estimates that India has a transmission and distribution loss of 27%, which is the highest in the world, leading to significant environmental concerns due to the wastage of electricity.

Q & A

What is the primary purpose of a single-phase induction type energy meter?
-The primary purpose of a single-phase induction type energy meter is to measure the electrical load that consumes energy and to major the energy across the utility.
In what types of circuits is an energy meter typically used?
-Energy meters are typically used in domestic and industrial AC circuits for majoring the power consumption of the load.
What are the main components of the driving system in an energy meter?
-The main components of the driving system in an energy meter are the electromagnet and the coil, which produce a magnetic field when current flows through the coil.
What material is used to make the core of the electromagnet in an energy meter?
-Silicon steel is used to make the core of the electromagnet in an energy meter due to its high magnetic field line provision and low reluctance.
How does the aluminum disk in the energy meter work?
-The aluminum disk in the energy meter rotates due to the interaction of the changing magnetic flux produced by the electromagnet and the disk itself, inducing a current known as the eddy current within the disk.
What is the function of the permanent magnet in the braking system of an energy meter?
-The permanent magnet in the braking system of an energy meter produces braking torque on the aluminum disk, which opposes the motion of the disk and reduces its speed.
How does the counting mechanism in an energy meter relate to the disk rotations?
-The counting mechanism in an energy meter records the number of rotations of the aluminum disk, which is directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load.
What are the advantages of using an energy meter?
-Energy meters are simple in construction, strong, and cheaper. They operate accurately and can function in any weather condition. They also have low maintenance costs and can be easily maintained.
What are the disadvantages of the single-phase induction type energy meter?
-Disadvantages include the potential for inaccuracies due to inductive effects from different factors and changes in disk resistance. Also, the normal friction of moving parts can lead to almost double the energy generation in the past decade.
How does the loss in transmission and distribution affect the need for a smart grid in India?
-The significant loss in transmission and distribution, estimated to be around 27% in India, highlights the need for a smart grid to reduce electricity losses and improve power transmission efficiency.
What is the significance of the 27% loss in electricity transmission and distribution in India?
-The 27% loss is the highest in the world and represents a huge amount of wasted electricity, which is not only inefficient but also harmful to the environment.

Outlines

00:00

🔌 Understanding Single Phase Induction Type Energy Meters

This paragraph delves into the intricacies of single phase induction type energy meters, which are crucial for measuring electrical load and its energy utilization. The energy meter is employed in domestic and industrial AC circuits for major power consumption. It is less passive and provides accurate management. The construction diagram of the energy meter is presented, highlighting the driving system's main component, the electromagnet. When a coil is wound around a conductor and current flows, it produces a magnetic field, known as an electromagnet. The meter uses two types of electromagnets, and silicon steel is utilized in their construction to provide an easy path for the magnetic field lines due to its low reluctance. The central limb of the magnet has a copper band, which serves as an adjustable balance. The primary function is to align the magnetic flux produced by the magnet with the supply voltage to be exactly perpendicular. The moving system's main element is an aluminum disk mounted on an alloy soft iron, placed in the air gap of both electromagnets. When the changing magnetic flux cuts through the disk, it induces self-EMF and current circulation, known as the ID (Instantaneous Demand) current. The interaction between the flux produced by both electromagnets and the disk induces a ting torque on the disk, and when the connected load consumes power, the aluminum disk starts rotating. After some complete rotations of the disk, the energy consumed by the load is displayed in energy meter units. The number of disk rotations is counted over a particular interval of time, and the power consumption is majored in kilowatt-hours. The braking system uses a permanent magnet to reduce the rotation of the aluminum disk, producing braking torque that opposes the disk's movement and reduces its speed. The adjustable balance is installed to adjust the braking torque, making it adjustable by shifting the magnet to a radial position. The counting mechanism, also known as the registration mechanism, records the aluminum disk rotations because the disk rotation is directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load. The pointer transmits the number of rotations for recording different readings, which are obtained in kilowatt hours by multiplying the number of rotations.

05:02

💡 Advantages of Energy Meters and the Need for Smart Grids

The second paragraph discusses the advantages of energy meters, emphasizing their simple construction, strength, and affordability. Energy meters are cost-effective and operate accurately in any weather condition. They have low torque produced by using electromagnets, and their operation is quite efficient. The maintenance cost of this type of energy meter is relatively low, and they can be easily maintained. Single phase induction type energy meters consume very low power for their operation. However, they also have some disadvantages, such as being affected by various factors and changes in disk registration, which can slightly disturb their operation. The paragraph also highlights the significant energy loss in India due to traditional grid systems, with about 30% of the generated power being lost during transmission and distribution. This loss is not only a huge amount but also environmentally unfriendly, as it contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. The paragraph concludes by emphasizing the need for smart grids in India, which can help reduce electricity losses and improve power transmission efficiency. Smart grids will make the transmission and distribution system more efficient, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally conscious. The use of smart grids will lead to better monitoring and control of electricity, making the energy services more reliable and efficient, and reducing the percentage of power loss.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Single Phase Induction

Single Phase Induction refers to the process or system that operates on a single alternating current (AC) voltage. In the context of the video, it is used to describe the type of energy meter being discussed. The script mentions the construction and operation of a single phase induction type energy meter, which is used for measuring energy consumption in domestic and industrial circuits.

💡Energy Meter

An Energy Meter is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy consumed by a residence, a business, or an electrically powered device. The video script details how energy meters are used to monitor and record the energy utilized across electrical loads, with a focus on single phase induction type meters that are less expensive and easier to maintain.

💡Electromagnet

An Electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced by an electric current. The script explains that the main component of the driving system in an energy meter is an electromagnet, which generates a magnetic field when a current flows through a coil wound around a conductor.

💡Silicon Steel

Silicon Steel is a type of steel alloy with a small amount of silicon, which is used in the construction of electrical machines due to its magnetic properties. In the video, silicon steel is mentioned as the material used to make the core of the electromagnet in the energy meter, which provides an easy path for the magnetic field lines.

💡Adjustable Balance

The Adjustable Balance, as mentioned in the script, is a component of the energy meter that can be adjusted to align the magnetic flux produced by the electromagnet exactly perpendicular to the supply voltage. This alignment is crucial for the accurate measurement of energy consumption.

💡Moving System

The Moving System in an energy meter consists of an aluminum disk mounted on an alloy soft. The script describes how the changing magnetic flux cuts through the disk, inducing a self-EMF and current circulation, which results in a torque that causes the disk to rotate. This rotation is directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load.

💡Braking System

The Braking System in an energy meter is used to reduce the rotation of the aluminum disk. The script mentions the use of a permanent magnet to produce braking torque, which opposes the movement of the disk and thus helps in controlling its speed. This system is adjustable to fine-tune the meter's accuracy.

💡Counting Mechanism

The Counting Mechanism, also referred to as the registration system in the script, is responsible for recording the rotations of the aluminum disk. Since the disk's rotation is directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load, the counting mechanism translates these rotations into energy units that are displayed by the energy meter.

💡Power Consumption

Power Consumption refers to the amount of electrical energy used by electrical loads. The video script discusses how the energy meter measures and displays the power consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh), which is a standard unit for representing energy usage.

💡Smart Grid

A Smart Grid is an electrical grid that uses digital technology to monitor and manage the transport of electricity from all generation sources to meet the varying electricity demands of end users. The script highlights the need for a smart grid to reduce electricity losses and improve the efficiency of power transmission and distribution, which is particularly relevant given the high transmission and distribution losses in India.

💡Transmission and Distribution Losses

Transmission and Distribution Losses refer to the reduction in electrical energy during its transfer from the power station to the consumer. The script points out that in India, these losses are as high as 27%, which is a significant amount of wasted electricity. The video suggests that implementing a smart grid could help in reducing these losses and improving the overall efficiency of the power system.

Highlights

In-depth understanding of single-phase induction type energy meters.

Energy meters are used to measure electrical loads that consume energy.

Energy meters are utilized in domestic and industrial AC circuits for majoring power.

The energy meter is less sensitive and performs accurate management.

Construction diagram of a single-phase energy meter is discussed.

Main components include the driving system, which consists of an electromagnet.

Electromagnets are created using silicon steel for efficient magnetic field lines.

Adjustable copper bands are used on the central limb of the magnet.

The function of the adjustable band is to align the magnetic flux produced by the stator magnet.

The moving system's main element is the aluminum disk.

The aluminum disk is mounted on an alloy soft iron and placed in the air gap between the two electromagnets.

When the changing magnetic flux cuts the disk, self-induced EMF is produced.

The interaction of the flux produced by both electromagnets induces a ting torque on the disk.

The rotation of the aluminum disk is used to measure the energy consumed by the load.

The number of disk rotations is counted over a particular interval of time.

The breaking system uses a permanent magnet to reduce the rotation of the aluminum disk.

The counting mechanism records the aluminum disk rotations.

The number of rotations of the disk is directly proportional to the energy consumed by the load.

The construction of energy meters is simple and robust.

Energy meters are cost-effective and have low torque produced by using two electromagnets.

Energy meters can operate accurately in any weather condition.

Maintenance cost of energy meters is relatively low and can be easily maintained.

Single-phase induction type energy meters consume very low power for daily operation.

Discusses the disadvantages of energy meters like increased magnetism due to different factors and changes in disk resistance.

India has almost doubled its energy generation in the past decade.

About 30 gigawatts of power is lost during transmission and distribution in India.

Discusses the need for smart grids to reduce electricity losses and increase power transmission efficiency.

World Resources Institute estimates transmission and distribution losses in India at 27%.

Installing smart grids can help reduce the percentage of loss.

India is focusing on new technology like smart grids for better monitoring and efficient transmission and distribution.

Using smart grids will make the transmission and distribution system more efficient.

Electricity services will become more reliable, efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally conscious.