Computer and System Software | Types of Computer and System Software

Summary

本课程向学生介绍了计算机软件的基础知识，包括应用软件与系统软件的区别、软件的分类以及软件的工作原理。详细讲解了文字处理、电子表格、数据库、图形多媒体、通信和个人助理软件的功能和应用。此外，还介绍了软件的安装与卸载过程，帮助用户更好地理解和使用计算机软件。

Takeaways

• 📚 计算机软件是数据和指令的集合，用于执行特定任务。
• 🖥️ 软件分为两大类：应用软件和系统软件。
• 🔧 系统软件控制计算机及其设备的操作，提供硬件与应用软件之间的接口。
• 🔄 应用软件是执行用户特定任务的程序集合，允许用户操作文本、数字、图形等元素。
• ✍️ 文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档，具有文本编辑、自动换行、查找替换等功能。
• 📊 电子表格软件用于组织和分析信息，提供数据计算、公式、图表等功能。
• 🗂️ 数据库软件允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库，包括数据的添加、更新、删除和搜索。
• 🎨 图形软件允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像，包括绘图、照片编辑和多媒体制作。
• 💬 通信软件用于促进不同计算机或移动设备之间的通信。
• 📅 个人助理软件帮助用户管理个人信息，如日历、待办事项列表、地址簿和个人财务。
• 🔄 软件的安装是通过安装程序准备程序以供执行和使用的过程。
• 🗑️ 卸载软件需要通过程序自带的卸载链接或通过控制面板的“添加或删除程序”选项来完成。

Q & A

计算机软件是什么？

计算机软件是一系列数据和指令的集合，用于指导计算机执行特定任务。它也指为计算机工作而设计的程序、过程和相关文档的集合。

应用软件和系统软件有什么区别？

应用软件是一组用于执行用户特定任务的计算机程序，允许用户处理文本、数字、图形等元素。系统软件则是控制计算机及其设备运作的程序集合，为应用软件提供运行平台。

操作系统在系统软件中扮演什么角色？

操作系统是一组协调计算机系统内部运作的程序，为用户提供与计算机通信的界面，并管理所有计算机组件和操作，隔离硬件与用户。

设备驱动程序是什么？

设备驱动程序是一种系统程序，用于开启和管理连接到计算机的设备，如显示器和键盘。没有驱动程序，设备无法正常工作。

文字处理软件的主要功能有哪些？

文字处理软件具有文本编辑、自动换行、状态栏、查找和替换、页眉页脚、页码、拼写检查、插入表格、保存和打印等功能。

电子表格软件的标准特性包括哪些？

电子表格软件的标准特性包括行列、单元格、公式、函数、图形和图表等，允许用户组织、分析和计算数据。

数据库软件的主要作用是什么？

数据库软件是一套应用程序，允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库。它使用户能够添加、更新、删除和搜索数据。

图形软件的类别基础特征有哪些？

图形软件的类别基础特征包括素描设计、绘画、照片编辑、多媒体制作和网页制作等。

通讯软件的功能包括哪些？

通讯软件的功能包括数据上传下载、用户会话维护以及支持文件传输，如通过Web浏览器、FTP和短信服务等。

个人助理软件通常包含哪些功能？

个人助理软件通常包括日历、待办事项列表、地址簿、个人财务、税务准备和法律案例准备等功能。

软件的安装和卸载过程通常包括哪些步骤？

软件的安装过程包括运行安装程序、同意许可协议、选择程序位置、复制程序文件、创建桌面或开始菜单快捷方式等。卸载过程通常通过控制面板的添加/删除程序选项来完成，卸载程序会删除程序文件和系统注册表中的相关条目。

Outlines

00:00

📚 计算机软件基础知识

本段落介绍了计算机软件的定义、分类和功能。计算机软件是一组数据和指令的集合，用于执行特定任务。软件分为系统软件和应用软件两大类。系统软件控制计算机及其设备的操作，提供硬件与应用软件之间的接口，是计算机系统的基础。应用软件则用于执行用户特定的任务，如文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理等。此外，还讨论了软件的工作原理、卸载方法以及操作系统、实用程序和设备驱动程序等系统软件的类型。

05:02

📝 文字处理与电子表格软件

这一部分详细介绍了文字处理软件和电子表格软件的功能和发展历程。文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档，自1970年代和1980年代以来变得流行。标准功能包括文本编辑、自动换行、状态栏、搜索替换、页眉页脚、页码和拼写检查等。电子表格软件则用于组织和分析信息，提供数据计算和图形化展示的功能。介绍了电子表格的基本组成，如行、列、单元格、公式和函数等。还列举了一些知名的文字处理和电子表格软件，如Microsoft Word、WordPerfect、Apple Works、Microsoft Excel、Lotus 1-2-3等。

10:04

🗂 数据库与图形软件

本段讲述了数据库软件和图形软件的功能和应用。数据库管理系统集成了数据存储、检索、编辑和更新的功能，关系数据库系统是最常见的类型。数据库由表格组成，表格包含记录和字段。图形软件则允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像，具备素描设计、绘画、照片编辑和多媒体制作等功能。介绍了图形软件的不同特性，如草图设计、绘画、照片编辑和多媒体创作等。还提到了一些流行的图形软件，例如Adobe Photoshop、CorelDRAW和Macromedia FreeHand。

15:07

🖥️ 通信与个人助理软件

这一部分探讨了通信软件和个人助理软件的用途和特点。通信软件用于在不同设备之间发送和接收数据，如计算机、手机等。个人助理软件帮助用户管理个人信息，如日历、待办事项列表、地址簿、个人财务和税务准备等。通信软件的功能包括数据上传下载、用户会话维护和文件传输。个人助理软件则提供了日历、待办事项、地址簿、个人财务和法律文件准备等功能。介绍了一些常用的通信和个人助理软件，如Web浏览器、FTP、短信服务等。

20:08

🔄 软件的安装与卸载

最后一段讨论了计算机软件的安装和卸载过程。安装是使程序准备好执行和使用的方法，而卸载则是从PC上移除程序的过程。介绍了安装软件时的常见步骤，包括选择合适的软件版本、确保系统满足要求、执行安装程序、创建快捷方式和更新Windows注册表等。卸载软件通常通过程序自带的卸载程序或操作系统的控制面板来完成。详细解释了安装和卸载过程中的具体操作和注意事项。

Keywords

💡计算机软件

计算机软件是指一系列数据和指令的集合，用于指导计算机执行特定任务。它是计算机的逻辑部分，用户虽然无法触摸，但可以通过软件来操作计算机。在视频中，计算机软件被描述为控制硬件操作或其他软件的类型，是计算机系统运作的基础。

💡应用软件

应用软件是一套用于执行用户特定任务的计算机程序。它们允许用户开发个人或组织使用的程序，如处理文本、数字、图形等。应用软件的例子包括文字处理软件、电子表格软件、数据库软件等。

💡系统软件

系统软件是控制计算机及其设备运作的一系列计算机程序。它提供了计算机硬件与应用软件之间的接口，并为计算机系统的运作提供平台。系统软件的例子包括操作系统、实用程序和设备驱动程序。

💡操作系统

操作系统是一组程序，负责协调计算机系统的内部工作。它为用户提供了与计算机通信的界面，并管理所有计算机组件和操作，同时将硬件与用户隔离开来。没有操作系统，计算机无法执行任何任务。

💡设备驱动程序

设备驱动程序是一种系统程序，用于开启和管理连接到计算机的设备，如显示器和键盘。没有驱动程序，这些设备无法正常工作。驱动程序与设备通信，控制其操作。

💡文字处理软件

文字处理软件是一种应用软件，用于创建、编辑、存储和打印个人或官方文档。它在20世纪70年代和80年代随着打字机与计算机处理器的合并而流行起来，允许用户编辑文本。

💡电子表格软件

电子表格软件是一种数据操作工具，用于以表格形式组织和分析信息。它类似于一个电子化的账本，可以接收数据值，并在行和列中进行计算。

💡数据库软件

数据库软件是一种应用软件，用于存储、检索、编辑和更新数据集合。数据库管理系统（DBMS）允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库。数据库中的数据可以通过DBMS添加、更新、删除和搜索。

💡图形软件

图形软件是一类允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像的应用程序。它们使用户能够在计算机上操纵视觉图像，包括绘图、照片编辑、多媒体制作和网页设计等功能。

💡通信软件

通信软件是用于促进计算机、移动设备等之间通信的应用程序。它们允许用户通过通信系统发送和接收数据，可能包括数据上传下载、用户会话维护以及文件传输等功能。

💡个人助理软件

个人助理软件是帮助用户存储和检索个人信息的应用程序，也用于计划和管理联系人、会议、财务等重要信息。这类软件通常包括日历、待办事项列表、地址簿、个人财务和税务准备等功能。

💡软件安装

软件安装是指使程序准备好执行和使用的过程。这个过程包括解压缩文件、接受许可协议、选择程序位置、复制程序文件到目标位置以及更新系统注册表等步骤。

💡软件卸载

软件卸载是指从个人计算机中移除程序的过程。用户可以通过程序自带的卸载链接或图标，或者在Windows XP中通过控制面板的添加/删除程序选项来卸载软件。

Highlights

计算机软件是数据和指令的集合，用于执行特定任务。

软件是计算机逻辑部分，用户无法触摸但使用它来操作计算机。

计算机软件控制硬件的操作或其他软件类型。

系统软件是控制计算机及其设备操作的程序集合。

操作系统是协调计算机系统内部工作的程序集合。

应用软件是执行用户特定任务的计算机程序集合。

文字处理软件用于创建、编辑、存储和打印文档。

电子表格是用于组织和分析信息的数据操作工具。

数据库软件允许用户检索、编辑和更新数据。

图形软件允许用户创建、编辑、显示和打印图像。

通信软件用于促进计算机、手机等之间的通信。

个人助理软件帮助用户存储和检索个人信息。

软件安装是使程序准备好执行和使用的方法。

卸载程序需要使用卸载程序从PC中移除。

操作系统提供与计算机沟通的界面并管理所有组件和操作。

设备驱动程序是用于开启和管理计算机附件设备（如显示器和键盘）的系统程序。

数据库管理系统（DBMS）允许用户开发、访问和管理数据库。

多媒体创作允许用户合并文本、音频、视频和图形动画。

Transcripts

as-salaam-alaikum dear students today we

will learn about computer software this

is an important lesson of your course

book computer software after completion

of this unit you will be able to

understand the basics of computer

software distinguish between application

software and system software have

knowledge about categories of

application software learn how softwares

work learn how to uninstall software

computer software software is a

collection of data and instructions

given to the computers to perform

specific tasks

it also refers to a set of programs

procedures and associated documents

designed for the working of computers

the software is the logical part of the

computer that the user cannot touch but

use to make the computer operate

computer software controls the operation

of hardware or some other software types

of computer software there are two main

categories of computer software system

software system software is a collection

of computer programs that control the

operation of computer and its devices it

provides an interface between computer

hardware and application software it is

the backbone of a computer system which

provides a platform for its operation

system software helps computer users to

make use of application software and

perform the programmed activities system

software monitors the use of various

hardware components types of system

software there are different kinds of

system software's number one operating

system

an operating system is a collection of

programs that coordinates the internal

working of a computer system it provides

us an interface to communicate with the

computer it also manages all computer

components and operations and isolates

the hardware from the user a computer

cannot perform any job without an

operating system utility programs a

utility program allows a user to perform

an explicit task it is normally used to

resolve system maintenance activities

and provides assistance in these

activities there are different types of

utilities available for example

formatting of hard disk system backup

antivirus and file compressor number 2

device drivers a device driver is a

system program that is used to turn on

and manage a device such as monitors and

keyboards attached to the computer

device drivers are built-in programs

provided by manufacturers of devices the

devices cannot work properly without the

drivers utility programs a driver

typically communicates with a device to

control its operations all devices must

have device driver to work application

software application software is a set

of computer programs used to perform

user specific jobs they allow the users

to develop programs for the personal or

organizational use an application

program facilitates the user to

manipulate text numbers graphics or a

combination of these elements therefore

there are varieties of application

program available in market for

different users categories of

application software there are thousands

of application software available

in the market it is not possible to

categorize all application software's

however some commonly known application

software includes the following word

processing software spreadsheet software

database software graphics and

multimedia software personal assistant

software communication software word

processing software word processor is an

application program used for creating

editing storing and printing personal

and official documents word processor

became popular in the 1970s and 1980s

typewriter was merged with a dedicated

processor like a computer processor for

the editing of text since then different

companies are developing word processor

with new and enhanced features number

one standard features of a word

processor word processors have several

text manipulating features the standard

features include text editing text

editing includes entering the text

cutting copying and pasting the text

making insertions and deletions etc word

wrap the cursor automatically moves to

the next line when the line is completed

within the text status line status line

provides all the information about the

current document search and replace

search and replace allows the user to

search for a particular word or

expression and replace it with some

other word or expression headers footers

and page numbers it allows users to

insert tailored headers and footers that

the word processor will put at the top

and bottom of every page

similarly page numbers can also be

inserted at top or bottom of the pages

spell checker

spellchecker allows the user to check

the spelling of words it spotlights any

word that it does not find in its

dictionary table word processor allows

inserting tables comprising of rows and

columns save and print once a document

has been created edited and formatted it

can be saved and printed some well-known

word processor includes the following

Microsoft Word WordPerfect Apple Word in

page used for ado typing spreadsheet

spreadsheet is a data manipulation tool

used for organization and analysis of

information in tabular form it is a kind

of computerized ledger that accepts data

values in rows and columns

and allows the user to perform

calculations it is an application

program that replicates a physical

spreadsheet by entering displaying and

calculating data available in rows and

columns

number one standard features of

spreadsheet rows and columns a

spreadsheet is a table consisting of

columns and rows as shown in the

following figure the rows are labeled by

numbers and the columns by letters are

shown in the figure 5.5 cell the

intersection of a row and a column is

called a cell a cell is uniquely

identified by its column and row

designators for example a to be 10 J 13

etc the data is entered into cells for

further manipulation in the figure 5.6

the cell a1 is highlighted formula

formula is a relationship between values

and cells it is used to apply

mathematical equation amongst data items

of a cell

for example d2 is equals to b1 plus c1

would calculate and display the sum of

cells b1 and c1 into cell d1 functions

functions are built-in formulas for

certain problems that have already been

created and stored in the program they

are used as shortcuts when applying

mathematical equations and give ease and

flexibility to the users to handle

complex calculations some examples are

count sum Max and min graphs and charts

data and information in spreadsheets can

be analyzed in a graphic form

spreadsheets allow the users to display

numerical data as a graph or chart some

well-known spreadsheet includes the

following Microsoft Excel Lotus 1-2-3

quater pro database software database is

a collection of related data that allows

the users to retrieve edit and update

the data database management system DBMS

is an application software that allows

users to develop access and administer a

database data in a database can be added

updated deleted and searched using a

DBMS a DBMS is like a traditional filing

system which stores individual groups

and pieces of information relational

database systems are the most common

DBMS a relational DBMS has the following

basic components tables a database is

comprised of one or more tables or

relations which is a group of related

data items and contains the records for

an entity tables are made up of records

and records are made up of rows

columns holding the actual data items

for example a student table might hold

the information in the form of database

table forms form is a graphical user

interface used to communicate with the

database they are used to enter data in

the database a form consists of text

boxes password fields checkboxes and

other input objects these objects

facilitate the user to communicate with

the database easily the user can also

access update and delete data by using

forms some important advantages of forms

are as follows forms are easy to operate

they provide attractive interface for

users the user can use forms without

technical knowledge queries query is

used to search the data items available

in the database tables it uses standard

language like structured query language

SQL to manipulate the data items in the

tables report report is meaningful

information that is extracted from the

database it is generated on the basis of

one or more SQL queries reports are the

output of database applications they are

used to locate and arrange data in a

formatted way the information retrieved

through reports is arranged in different

ways a report can present the data in

form of tables records or graphs etc

advantages number 1 reports provide

efficient results from database number 2

it helps in making important decisions

number 3 it can be printed and mailed

easily some well-known database

applications include the following

Microsoft Access Oracle SQL Server

graphics

software graphics packages our

application programs that allow users to

create edit display and print graphic

images they enable a user to manipulate

visual images on a computer category

based features of graphics software

number one sketch design the sketch

design feature allows users to create

design objects of different shapes and

sizes

these include lines circles rectangles

etc users need not worry about the exact

shape of objects as the package adjusts

the dimensions of the shape according to

the base of a design special features

allow the users to rotate flip move and

resize the objects dimensions number 2

paint feature the paint feature is used

to paint designs of different varieties

on the display screens IT is used to

create colorful graphics on the screen

without using original paints most paint

features provide the tools in the form

of icons by selecting an icon the user

can perform functions associated with

the tool number 3 photo editing the

photo editing feature is used to edit

and customize digital photos it allows

users to save images in a wide variety

of file formats

besides this users can retouch images

crop images change image shape rearrange

objects in photos and apply filters to

the images number 4 multimedia authoring

multimedia authoring permits users to

merge text audio video and graphics

animations in an application the user

can bring interactivity by controlling

the placement of text and Eurasian of

audio and video clips animations can

also be inserted at the required places

of application elearning applications

can also be developed by you

during multimedia authoring tools and

can be burnt on CDs or DVDs for students

number five webpage authoring web page

authoring allows users to create web

pages that include images audio video

graphics animations and other special

effects they are used to make the web

pages more attractive and interactive

some commonly used graphic packages

include the following number one adopt

Photoshop number two choral draw number

three macromedia freehand communication

packages communication packages our

application programs that are used to

facilitate communication between two

nodes computers mobiles etc they allow

the users to send and receive data over

communication systems the data transfer

may be between two nodes or between

networks of nodes the features of a

communication package include the

following number one data upload Baptist

sending the data from the user node to

another node number two data download

that is receiving the data on the user

node number three user session

maintenance that is recognizing

individual user during live

communication number for support of file

transfer that is sending and receiving

files over the network application

packages for communication include the

following number one web browser

number two FTP or File Transfer Protocol

number three SMS short messaging

services personal assistance packages

personal assistance packages allow users

to store and retrieve the personal

information they are also used to plan

and manage contacts meetings finances

other important information category

based off personal assistance packages

includes the following calendar calendar

enables users to record appointments and

meetings it alerts the users for the

upcoming events and also informs them in

case of any conflicts when a new event

is scheduled it also allows users to

browse the previous events with brief

descriptions to-do lists to-do lists

arranges the tasks to be performed by

the user a user can plan and prioritize

the tasks with intimation targets and

deadlines address book address book

maintains the names addresses telephone

numbers and other related information

about friends relatives and officials

users can also search the particulars of

known persons when required personal

finance personal finance helps users to

balance their checkbook maintain bills

records and track personal income

expenses and set up the budget tax

preparation tax preparations guide

individuals families or small businesses

to prepare the taxes legal case

preparations assists in preparation of

legal documents and provides legal

information to the concerned users how

software works installation and

uninstallation installation of a

computer program is the method of making

a program ready for execution and use

the process varies for each program

computer and operating system there is a

program called installer which comes

with every software the installer is

responsible for doing whatever is needed

for the installation when software is

installed on a personal computer a

series of functions is performed before

and behind the screen

common measures performed during

software installations include number

one study the features of different

software visions and select the

appropriate one as per your requirement

number two make sure that system

requirements are available number three

if software is already installed it can

be upgraded according to the latest

version number four install only the

licensed copy of the software installing

a new software program if you are

installing software downloaded from the

internet you simply download the

Installer and it starts working

if software is burnt on a cd-rom

Installer will run automatically when

the CD is inserted into the cd-rom the

exact procedure may vary from one

program to the other

however the setup.exe is a file which is

provided with the installation package

of most of the application software's

when the user double clicks the setup

dot exe the Installer first unzips the

files to a location in a temporary

directory next a License Agreement comes

up here when the user agrees they move

forward

next the Installer prompts the user for

location of the program the default

location is Program Files now the

Installer can copy the relevant Program

Files to the target location in the

destination directory provided by the

user an application is generally made up

of many individual files most of the

files are stored in the applications

destination directory the installer

continues the installation in the

destination file till the completion of

process the Windows registry is a

hierarchal database that stores settings

and preferences of software and hardware

many installers provides shortcut at the

desktop or Start menu

invoke the installed program after

completing the installation it deletes

all the files which were created

temporarily finally a message is

displayed that the program has been

installed and the new software is ready

to use uninstalling a program if a user

wants to remove a program it needs to be

uninstalled from the PC some programs

provide an uninstall link or icon in the

application directory however in Windows

XP the user can uninstall a program by

using add or remove option available in

the control panel the user clicks on the

control panel and selects add/remove

programs a panel appears comprising of

installed programs the user selects the

required program and clicks the remove

button the uninstaller eliminates the

program files along with the folder that

it created and also removes relevant

entries in the system registry

you