Introduction to windows | computer software language learning | Computer Education for All

Summary

本视频脚本介绍了软件及其类型，包括操作系统、系统软件和应用软件。详细讲解了Windows操作系统的使用，包括桌面图标、任务栏、开始菜单、窗口元素、文件和文件夹的管理，以及如何使用帮助功能。此外，还探讨了计算机语言的分类，如低级语言、高级语言和自然语言，以及它们在软件开发中的应用。视频旨在帮助用户理解计算机语言和软件的基本概念，并掌握在Windows环境下工作的基本技能。

Takeaways

• 📚 介绍了计算机语言的类型，包括低级语言、高级语言和自然语言，以及它们在软件开发中的应用。
• 🔧 区分了系统软件和应用软件，解释了它们在计算机系统中的作用和功能。
• 🖥️ 讨论了Windows操作系统的不同版本，如Windows 95、98、ME、XP、NT、2000等。
• 🌐 描述了Windows操作系统的共同特性，如支持大内存、多任务处理、即插即用设备支持等。
• 📂 讲解了如何在Windows环境中使用文件夹、文件的复制、移动和删除。
• 🔍 展示了如何在Windows环境中使用帮助功能来搜索不同主题的信息。
• 🛠️ 介绍了Windows应用程序窗口的元素，如标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、格式栏、文本区域和状态栏。
• 🔗 解释了对话框和各种GUI组件的用途，如文本框、命令按钮、列表框、单选按钮和复选框。
• 📖 说明了如何使用键盘快捷键来访问和执行菜单命令。
• 📂 指导了如何在Windows中创建新文件夹和文件，以及如何重命名它们。
• 🗑️ 描述了如何删除文件或文件夹，以及如何从回收站中恢复已删除的文件。
• 🔄 讲解了如何移动文件从一个位置到另一个位置，以及如何使用剪切和粘贴命令。

Q & A

计算机语言有哪些类型？

计算机语言主要分为低级语言、高级语言和自然语言。低级语言包括机器语言和汇编语言，高级语言使用类似英语的语句编写指令，例如BASIC、C语言、LISP和JAVA。自然语言是另一种类型的计算机语言。

系统软件和应用软件有什么区别？

系统软件主要提供控制功能和服务功能，管理计算机硬件资源，并为最终用户提供常见服务，如文件管理、存储管理、自动程序加载、即插即用功能和通信等。而应用软件包括应用程序包和定制的应用程序，例如文字处理器、多媒体开发程序和通信程序。

Windows操作系统有哪些常见版本？

桌面计算机的Windows操作系统版本包括Windows 95、Windows 98、Windows Millennium Edition和Windows XP。服务器计算机的Windows操作系统版本包括Windows NT、Windows 2000 Server和Windows 2000 Advanced Server。

Windows操作系统支持哪些特性？

Windows操作系统支持大内存以执行复杂软件，多任务特性以同时处理多个程序，通信支持，即插即用设备支持，FAT32文件系统允许访问高达2TB的硬盘空间等。服务器版本的Windows操作系统还具有用户和资源管理、强大的安全特性、Web服务器、NTFS文件系统等附加特性。

Windows环境的桌面包含哪些图标？

Windows环境的桌面包含的图标有我的电脑、我的文档、网络邻居和回收站。

如何创建一个新的文件夹？

可以通过选择文件菜单，然后选择新建，再选择文件夹来创建一个新的文件夹。也可以在资源管理器中右键点击一个位置，选择新建然后选择文件夹。

如何复制一个文件？

首先选中要复制的文件，然后选择编辑菜单中的复制命令。之后可以选择编辑菜单中的粘贴命令，或者使用鼠标右键点击目标位置选择粘贴命令来完成复制。

删除文件或文件夹后，它们去了哪里？

删除的文件或文件夹会被移动到回收站。如果从回收站中恢复，则会回到原来的位置；如果从回收站中彻底删除，则无法恢复。

如何移动文件到不同的位置？

选中要移动的文件，点击编辑菜单选择剪切命令，然后在目标位置点击鼠标右键选择粘贴，或者直接拖拽文件到目标位置来移动文件。

Windows帮助功能如何使用？

点击开始按钮然后点击帮助菜单启动Windows帮助。帮助窗口分为两个框架，左侧框架包含内容、索引、搜索和收藏夹四个标签页，右侧框架显示帮助页面。可以使用鼠标点击或使用键盘快捷键来浏览和访问帮助信息。

如何正确关闭Windows系统？

在开始菜单中选择关机，然后在出现的对话框中选择注销、关机或重启选项。确保在关闭计算机前保存所有未保存的数据，并根据需要选择适当的关机选项。

Outlines

00:00

📚 计算机语言与软件类型

本段落介绍了计算机语言的类型，包括低级语言、高级语言和自然语言。低级语言进一步分为机器语言和汇编语言，而高级语言则使用类似英语的语句来编写指令，例如BASIC、C语言、LISP和JAVA。此外，还讨论了面向对象的语言，如C++、JAVA、Visual C++和.NET。段落还涉及了系统软件和应用软件的概念，以及Windows操作系统的不同版本和功能。

05:02

🖥️ Windows操作系统特性

这一部分详细描述了Windows操作系统支持的大内存、多任务处理能力、通信支持、即插即用设备、FAT32文件系统等特性。服务器版本的Windows操作系统还包括用户和资源管理、强大的安全特性、Web服务器、NTFS文件系统等额外功能。此外，还介绍了Windows 2000 Professional操作系统的基本环境和桌面图标的功能。

10:02

📖 Windows帮助和应用程序窗口

本段内容讲解了Windows帮助系统的使用，包括帮助窗口的结构、索引标签页、对话框的使用以及应用程序窗口的各个元素，如标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、格式栏、文本区域、滚动条、视图图标和状态栏。通过使用MS Word作为示例，详细说明了如何操作应用程序窗口。

15:03

🔧 操作Windows应用程序

这部分详细介绍了如何在Windows环境中使用MS Word和其他应用程序。包括启动Word程序、操作窗口元素、使用菜单和对话框来执行命令。还介绍了如何通过键盘快捷键来访问和执行菜单命令，以及如何关闭程序和退出系统。

20:08

📂 文件和文件夹的管理

本段落教授了如何在Windows中创建和管理文件及文件夹。包括创建新文件夹、重命名文件夹、创建文本文档、复制文件、移动文件和删除文件的方法。同时，还解释了如何使用回收站来恢复误删的文件，以及如何将文件移动到不同的位置。

25:11

🔄 文件的复制与移动

这部分内容继续讲解文件管理，特别是文件的复制和移动操作。介绍了如何使用编辑菜单的复制和粘贴命令来复制文件，以及如何使用剪切和粘贴命令来移动文件。还提到了如何将文件发送到其他存储介质，例如软盘，并强调了删除文件后无法恢复的情况。

Keywords

💡计算机语言

计算机语言是用于编写计算机程序的一组指令和符号。它们可以分为低级语言（如机器语言和汇编语言）和高级语言（如BASIC、C语言、LISP和JAVA）。高级语言使用类似英语的语句来编写指令，使得编程更加容易理解和操作。在视频中，提到了不同级别的计算机语言，以及它们在软件开发中的作用。

💡系统软件

系统软件是指控制和管理计算机硬件资源以及提供通用服务给最终用户的软件。它包括文件管理、存储管理、自动程序加载、即插即用功能和通信等。系统软件还涵盖了翻译器、编译器和设备驱动程序等。在视频中，提到了系统软件的两大功能：控制功能和服务功能。

💡应用软件

应用软件是为特定任务或解决问题而设计的软件。它们包括应用程序包和定制的应用程序。应用程序包可能是文字处理软件、多媒体开发程序和通信程序等。定制应用程序可能是预订系统、会计系统和库存控制系统等。视频中提到了应用软件的分类和示例。

💡Windows操作系统

Windows操作系统是由微软公司开发的一系列桌面和服务器操作系统。它提供了图形用户界面，使用户可以通过图标来代表文件、文件夹、程序和其他服务。Windows操作系统支持大内存、多任务处理、即插即用设备、FAT32文件系统等特性。

💡桌面环境

桌面环境是指Windows操作系统的主要屏幕，也称为桌面。它包含多个图标，这些图标是程序、文档和其他Windows应用程序的图形表示。用户可以通过指向图标并单击鼠标来选择或双击来执行它们。桌面环境的设计使用户能够直观地与计算机交互。

💡任务栏

任务栏位于屏幕底部，允许用户快速访问程序、文档和当前正在运行的应用程序。任务栏包含开始菜单、不同应用程序的图标以及系统托盘。它提供了一个方便的方式来切换当前打开的应用程序和访问最常用的功能。

💡帮助系统

帮助系统是Windows提供的一个功能，它提供了关于各种主题的详细信息。帮助窗口包含两个框架，左侧框架包含内容、索引、搜索和收藏夹等标签，右侧框架显示帮助页面。用户可以通过点击类别或主题来浏览帮助内容，也可以使用索引标签来查找特定的帮助主题。

💡对话框

对话框是Windows基础应用程序用来收集用户命令所需信息的界面元素。对话框包含文本框、命令按钮、复选框、单选按钮和其他图形用户界面组件。用户通过这些组件输入数据、做出选择或执行命令。对话框的设计使得用户能够通过图形界面与程序交互。

💡文件和文件夹管理

文件和文件夹管理是指在操作系统中创建、复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹的过程。这些操作是计算机用户日常使用计算机时的基本任务，它们使得用户能够有效地组织和访问他们的数据。

💡图标

在Windows操作系统中，图标是代表程序、文件、文件夹和其他服务的小型图形符号。用户可以通过点击图标来启动程序或访问文件和文件夹。图标的使用提供了一种直观的方式来与计算机资源交互。

💡开始菜单

开始菜单是Windows操作系统中的一个关键组件，它提供了一个集中的位置来访问计算机上的程序、文件、设置和其他功能。用户可以通过点击开始按钮来打开开始菜单，并从中选择他们想要执行的任务或访问的资源。

Highlights

介绍了软件及其类型，包括操作系统、系统软件和应用软件。

解释了计算机语言的不同类型，包括低级语言、高级语言和自然语言。

讨论了Windows操作系统的不同版本，如Windows 95、98、ME、XP、NT、2000等。

描述了Windows操作系统的常见特性，如支持大内存、多任务处理和即插即用设备。

介绍了Windows 2000 Professional操作系统的基本使用和图形用户界面。

解释了桌面图标的功能，如我的电脑、我的文档、网络邻居和回收站。

讨论了任务栏的作用，包括快速访问程序、文档和当前运行的应用程序。

详细说明了如何使用Windows帮助系统来搜索不同主题的帮助信息。

解释了对话框的不同组件，如文本框、命令按钮、列表框、单选按钮和复选框。

描述了应用程序窗口的不同元素，包括标题栏、菜单栏、工具栏、格式栏、工作区、滚动条、视图图标和状态栏。

介绍了如何使用菜单和键盘快捷键来执行命令。

讨论了如何正确关闭计算机系统以确保文件安全。

解释了文件夹的概念以及如何在Windows环境中创建和管理文件夹。

展示了如何创建、复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。

讨论了回收站的作用以及如何从回收站恢复或彻底删除文件。

介绍了如何使用对话框和工具栏来改变文档的视图和设置。

解释了如何使用Office助手和其他Windows应用程序的帮助功能。

Transcripts

in this unit we will introduce you to

software and its types windows operating

system windows desktop windows help

types of windows elements of an

application window working with manuals

understanding folders and copping moving

and deleting files after completing this

unit you must be able to understand

different types of computer languages

system software and application software

work in Windows environment use help to

search different topics understand

different types of Windows identify

elements of an application window use

menus create copy move and delete files

and folders instructions are given to

the computer to perform different tasks

collectively these instructions are

called a computer program examples of

computer programs are a copy program to

copy files and a program to create

folders set of similar programs is

called software depending upon their use

and features software's are categorized

into computer languages system software

and application software computer

languages are used to write computer

programs these can be categorized into

low-level languages high-level languages

and natural languages low-level

languages are further classified into

machine languages and assembly languages

high-level languages are another type of

computer languages these use English

like statements to write instructions

some high-level languages include basic

C language

lisp and java and at the type of

computer languages is object-oriented

languages popular object-oriented

languages include C++ Java Visual C++

and.net languages fourth generation

languages are in at the type of computer

languages visual languages are another

most popular type of languages another

category of computer languages is

natural languages computer languages are

further discussed in the next unit

the second type of software is system

software broadly system software

provides two types of functions that are

control functions and service functions

the control function manages the

hardware resources of the computer the

service function provides a wide range

of common services to the end-user

these include file management storage

management automatic program loading

plug-and-play feature and communications

in addition system software include

translators compilers and device drivers

the last category of software is

application software

these include application packages and

customized application programs

application packages include word

processors multimedia development

programs and communication programs

customized applications may include a

reservation system accounting system and

inventory control system windows is a

state-of-the-art point-and-click

operating system it provides graphical

user interface that represents files

folders programs and other services as

icons Microsoft introduced different

versions of Windows the operating

systems for desktop computers include a

series of operating systems these are

Windows 95 windows 98 Windows millennium

Edition and Windows XP operating systems

for server computers include Windows NT

Windows 2000 server Windows 2000

advanced server some common features of

Windows operating systems are support

for large memory to execute complex

software

multitasking feature to work on more

than one program at a time communication

support support for plug and placed

devices fat32 that allows access up to 2

terabytes of hard disk space and a range

of other features the server family of

Windows operating systems has additional

features like user and resource

management strong security features web

servers about NTFS file system and other

range of features to learn basic

concepts of Windows we will use Windows

2000 professional operating system the

environment of Windows 2000 Professional

has similar look and feel as other

Windows operating systems the basic

concepts are applicable to all graphical

user environments with few variations

now let us start to learn about Windows

environment the main screen in Windows

is referred to as desktop it contains

some icons icons are pictorial

representation of programs documents and

other Windows applications you can point

to an icon and click left mouse button

to select it or double click on it to

execute it when an icon is opened it is

placed in an application window typical

windows icons include my computer My

Documents Network neighborhood and

recycle bin my computer application is

ssin is used to view access and manage

hard disks floppy diskette files and

folders My Documents folder contains

most often used documents Network

neighborhood is used to access resources

across the network recycle bin stores

recently deleted files these are

available until you empty the recycle

bin you can open it and restore the

selected files

in addition to these application icons

different icons are used for each type

of file folder and application

this figure shows some icons for

different types of files and folders it

has a notepad file icon ms word file

icon ms excel file icon and a help file

icon taskbar is across the bottom of the

screen it allows you to quickly access

programs documents and currently running

applications the taskbar contains a

start menu icons for different

applications that are currently

executing and system tray when you click

on the start button a pop up menu is

opened it contains different

applications and utilities most commonly

used menu items are programs documents

settings help and shutdown

the arrow beside the menu item

represents that a submenu is available

you can click on programs group item to

access the available programs like

Microsoft Word and Excel you can select

documents menu item to view a list of

most recently created or used documents

settings menu item has a submenu that

allows you to access control panel from

where you can add or remove new programs

install new fonts or change your

regional settings it also provides

access to printer folder you can install

new printer or view the existing

printers in the taskbar click on any

icon that represents an application like

MS Word or MS notepad to make it active

the system tray contains volume control

system clock or any additional software

windows provides an extensive health

feature that provides detailed

information about various topics click

start button and click the help menu to

launch windows help the help window has

two frames the left frame contains four

tabs these are contents index search and

favorites contents tab contains a list

of help categories and topics a close

book icon represents a category when you

move mouse pointer on any category or

topic it changes to a hand shape the

categories and topics act as hyperlinks

you can click on any category to expand

it or click on a topic to display help

page in the right frame some terms are

underlined in the help topics these are

glossary items links and related topics

you can point to a glossary item and

click mouse button to display a box

containing information about that item

blue underlined text is a link to a

separate page when you click it it will

open that page in the right frame you

can click on the related topics button

to access topics that are related to the

current topic the second tab is index

tab it displays an alphabetical listing

of help topics you can scroll through

this list or type few starting

characters to access any help topic

select the required topic and click on

the display button in addition to menus

windows-based application use dialog

boxes to collect the information

required to carry out your commands

dialog boxes contain text boxes

come on buttons checkboxes radio buttons

and other GUI components this dialog box

shows common components a textbox is

used to enter data the rectangular

buttons are referred to as command

buttons the ok button executes the

dialog box and cancel button cancels the

dialog box list boxes contain lists of

files fonts colors or other options you

can choose one item from the list radio

buttons are small hollow circles that

are usually grouped together to provide

a selection of options the dark circle

within a radio button indicates that the

button is selected only one of these

options can be selected at a time some

options have ellipses beside them these

indicate that an additional dialog box

is available under this option a double

Chevron indicates the dialog box can be

expanded the hollow rectangles are known

as checkboxes these boxes are blank or

have a check mark to indicate whether

the action should or should not be

carried out the action that is marked is

carried out more than one of these boxes

may contain a checkmark to select an

option simply click on it to deselect it

click a second time you can use keyboard

to select options in a dialog box use

tab key to move through the options in a

dialog box a marquee appears around the

current selection when you are within

your desired selection you can select it

or specify some value use tab key and

select ok button and press Enter key

to execute the dialog box or select

cancel button and press Enter key to

close the dialog box

without execution

now we will discuss elements of an

application window we will use ms word

for this purpose to start ms word you

can double-click ms word shortcut

available on the desktop or go to start

menu select programs and select

microsoft word to start word you can

also execute run from the Start menu

type win word and select ok button to

start word when word starts it displays

a blank untitled document all windows

based programs include similar elements

these are shown in this figure at the

top of the word application window is

title bar

it displays word icon name of the

application that is Microsoft Word and

current document name the small icon is

used to access a pulldown menu to

restore move resize minimize or close

the application title bar also contains

three buttons to minimize maximize

restore and close the application window

the second line is referred to as the

menu bar it contains menus that contain

all commands require to operate this

application you can point to a menu item

and click left mouse button to access it

if you carefully look at each menu

option it has one underlined letter

these are called shortcut letters these

are also available on dialog boxes you

can access a menu by pressing and

holding Alt key and pressing the

underlined

character the standard toolbar can be

used to quickly perform different

functions

if you move mouse pointer to a tool

without clicking it a brief description

of the tool will appear the format bar

is combined with the toolbar because

these two toolbars are combined you

cannot see all of the icons word

automatically displays the most commonly

used tools on these two bars and offers

a button to access the hidden tools

you

the ruler indicates the current margins

and tap settings the work area is the

large interior section of the window

that the program uses to display text

images and tables in Word the work area

is referred to as the text area when the

mouse pointer is in text area the shape

of pointer is like Eyebeam you can click

at that position and start typing when

the mouse pointer is over ruler its

shape changes to an arrow you can double

click to open page setup dialog box

scrollbar is used to scroll vertically

or horizontally the view icons are used

to change the view of current page the

status bar is located at the bottom of

the window

it has indicator for current page

section and other related information

office assistant provides help on any

topic

the menus in word function like manuals

and other Windows applications each menu

contains a set of commands you can open

the menu and then select the desired

command from the pulldown menu

you can point to the menu you wish to

access and click the left mouse button

once when the menu drops down moved the

pointer to the desired command and click

the left mouse button again to execute

the command if you intend to cancel a

menu move the mouse away from the menu

within the text area and click the left

mouse button once you can also access

the manual system through the keyboard

press Alt key once to access the menu

bar type the underlined character of the

desired menu option for example F to

access File menu when the selected

pulldown menu appears

type the underlined character to execute

the desired command for example as to

save current document you can press

Escape key to cancel the current top

down menu you should shut down your

system before turning off the computer

operating system updates and closes any

files that were in use select shutdown

from the start menu a dialog box appears

that shows different options you can log

off to close your current session you

can select shutdown option to save

windows settings and any unsaved data to

the hard disk it then turns off your

computer automatically or prompts you to

switch off the power

you can select restart to save windows

settings and any unsaved data to the

hard disk it then restarts the computer

you can select standby option to place

your computer on standby mode that means

your computer will not be turned off

completely after selecting an option

select ok to proceed or click cancel to

return to Windows

yellow boxes in Windows environment

represent folders these store related

files applications and other subfolders

My Documents is a special folder on the

desktop

it holds recently used are created files

and folders open my computer to show

contents of your computer double-click

on C Drive to see different folders on

your hard disk some of the important

folders include Windows program files

and temp folders in addition to these

folders you can create your own folders

on this drive for example you can create

a folder to store your assignments for

course code g42 to select file menu

select new and select folder this will

create a new folder and name it new

folder you can change the name of the

folder to 3/4 double to the name of

folder can be from one character to 255

characters and it can also contain

spaces you cannot use /a less than sign

a pipe symbol to use any symbol that is

not allowed for the folder names in

Windows it will display an error dialog

you can then rename the folder now we

will create a file and then learn to

copy it double click on the 3/4 double

to folder select File menu and select

new then select text document a notepad

file will be created

type first assignment as its name and

press the Enter key the file name has

two paths that is file name and its

extension by default

extension of the file is not visible in

the Explorer window windows provides

file extension automatically for files

of all installed application programs

you need not to specify the extension to

copy the selected file select edit menu

and select copy to make a duplicate copy

of this file you can select edit menu

and paste command the copy of this file

will be saved in the same folder with a

new name this is because the file names

in the same folder cannot be the same

you can copy this file to desktop by

using right mouse button and selecting

paste command you can use right click on

the file to open a pop-up menu select

send to command and select floppy drive

to make a copy on floppy diskette

to delete a file or folder you can

select the file or folder and press

Delete key this will show you a

confirmation dialog box before sending

the file to recycle bin folder on the

desktop if you accidentally deleted a

file you can restore it from the recycle

bin it will be restored in the folder

from where it was deleted if you deleted

a file from recycle bin you won't be

able to restore it sometimes you need to

move a file or files from one location

to another location to move copy of

first assignment select it click on the

edit menu and select cut command the

icon for the file becomes dim

right-click on the desktop window and

select paste to physically move the file

from 3/4 double to folder to desktop