BRIEF HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE JOURNALISM | Sir Khino

Summary

The video traces the rich history of Philippine journalism, starting from the Spanish era in 1637 with the launch of the first newsletter, to the American and Japanese periods, and the post-war era. It highlights the golden age of journalism in the 1940s-1970s when press freedom flourished, the impact of Martial Law in 1972, and the post-Martial Law resurgence. The narrative includes key milestones like the rise of campus journalism, online media, and the tragic 2009 Maguindanao massacre. It concludes with the 2020 shutdown of ABS-CBN, marking a new era in Philippine media history.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Philippines' journalism history began in the Spanish era with the first newsletter, 'Succeso's Felices,' launched in 1637.
• 😀 In 1811, the first Philippine newspaper, 'Del Gobierno Superior,' was released, featuring the name, date, and place of publication.
• 😀 'La Esperanza,' the first daily newspaper in the Philippines, was established in 1846.
• 😀 Revolutionary newspapers like 'La Solidaridad' and 'La Independencia' were published between 1889-1898 during the Philippine Revolution.
• 😀 In the 1920s, Alejandro Rosa founded TVT, the first newspaper chain in the Philippines, and was dubbed the father of modern journalism.
• 😀 The 1930s saw the creation of the DMHM publication chain, including Spanish dailies and the Filipino daily 'Mabiai A Pilipino.'
• 😀 During the Japanese occupation (1942), TVT was censored by the Japanese Imperial Army, and guerrilla journalists produced underground publications.
• 😀 The post-war era (1945) saw the liberation of Manila and a significant increase in newspaper publications, reaching 250 papers in that year.
• 😀 The period from 1946 to 1972 is referred to as the 'Golden Age of Philippine Journalism,' when the press was highly free and critical of the government.
• 😀 Martial Law (1972) led to the closure of media establishments and censorship, with President Marcos issuing decrees to control mass media.
• 😀 After Martial Law, the 'New Era' started in 1987 with the re-establishment of the Philippine Press Institute and the approval of the Code of Ethics for journalists.
• 😀 The 1990s brought advancements in journalism, with the rise of online journalism and the introduction of the Campus Journalism Act in 1991.
• 😀 In 2009, the country saw the worst case of election-related violence, the Maguindanao Massacre, in which 32 journalists were killed.
• 😀 Justice was served in the Maguindanao Massacre case in 2019, with several key figures convicted for their roles in the killings.
• 😀 In 2020, ABS-CBN, a major media company, was forced to shut down its operations after its franchise expired and a cease-and-desist order was issued amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Q & A

What was the first Philippine newsletter and who launched it?

The first Philippine newsletter was called 'Sucesos Felices' (Fortunate Events), and it was launched by Tomas Pinpin in 1637, who is known as the Father of Filipino Printing.

What was the significance of the publication 'Del Gobierno Superior'?

'Del Gobierno Superior,' released in 1811, is notable for being the first newspaper in the Philippines to include the name, date, and place of its publication in its layout.

Which newspaper is recognized as the first daily newspaper in the Philippines?

The first daily newspaper in the Philippines was 'La Esperanza,' which was published in 1846.

Which newspapers were published during the revolutionary period (1889-1898)?

During the revolutionary period, newspapers such as 'La Solidaridad,' 'Ang Kalayaan,' 'El Heraldo,' and 'La Independencia' were published to promote Filipino independence.

What role did Alejandro Rosa play in Philippine journalism?

Alejandro Rosa, known as the Father of Modern Journalism, established TVT (Vanguardia Tribune) in the 1920s, which became the first newspaper chain in the Philippines.

How did journalism change during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines?

During the Japanese occupation (1942), journalism was heavily censored, but guerrilla publications emerged as a form of resistance, providing morale and counter-propaganda against the Japanese Imperial Army.

What happened to Philippine journalism after World War II?

After World War II, the Philippine press flourished, with over 250 newspapers published, marking the beginning of the post-war era and the restoration of press freedom.

Why is the period from 1946 to 1972 considered the Golden Age of Philippine Journalism?

The period from 1946 to 1972 is considered the Golden Age of Philippine Journalism because the press became the freest in Asia, functioning as a watchdog on government actions, addressing national issues, and being critical of government mistakes and abuses.

What were the consequences of Martial Law on Philippine media?

Martial Law, declared in 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos, resulted in the closure of all media establishments and the creation of the Mass Media Council, which controlled the operation of newspapers, radio, and TV stations under censorship.

What were the key developments in Philippine journalism after the end of Martial Law?

After the end of Martial Law in 1986, the Philippine Press Institute was re-established in 1987, and a Code of Ethics for journalists was established in 1988. This period saw the resurgence of press freedom.

What was the significance of the 1995 Manila Times website launch?

In 1995, the Manila Times launched its website, marking the beginning of online journalism in the Philippines, significantly changing how news was delivered to the public.

What was the impact of the 2009 Maguindanao Massacre on Philippine journalism?

The 2009 Maguindanao Massacre was the worst case of election-related violence in the Philippines, involving the murder of 32 journalists. It highlighted the risks and challenges faced by media workers in the country.

What happened to ABS-CBN in 2020?

In 2020, ABS-CBN, a media giant in the Philippines, was forced to shut down its television and radio operations after a cease and desist order from the National Telecommunications Commission. This was due to the expiration of the company's franchise.