5 Fase Sejarah Perkembangan Geografi

Summary

This video explores the history of geography, starting with the origins of the word introduced by Greek philosopher Eratosthenes. It traces geography’s evolution from ancient travel notes to a systematic science, highlighting key stages like classical geography, medieval exploration, the scientific revolution in the 18th century, and the focus on physical geography in the 19th century. The video also discusses modern geography’s use of quantitative and qualitative methods, including technologies like Google Maps and GIS. The development of geography is tied to human interaction with nature, from mythology to advanced digital mapping.

Takeaways

• 😀 The origin of the word 'geography' comes from the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes, who introduced it around 276-300 BC.
• 😀 Geography is made up of two Greek words: 'Geo' meaning earth and 'Graphien' meaning to write or describe.
• 😀 In its early stages, geography was based on travel notes and descriptions of areas, particularly from sailors and explorers.
• 😀 Two major schools of thought in geography's history: physical determinism (nature controls humans) and possibilism (humans can control nature).
• 😀 The development of geography as a science progressed from a collection of travel notes to a systematic science in the 18th century.
• 😀 In the Classical Geography era, natural phenomena were often linked to myths and gods, with no scientific understanding of natural events.
• 😀 The Medieval Geography period, particularly in the 15th century, was characterized by exploration and the beginning of colonialism, with notable explorers like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta.
• 😀 Geography became a recognized science in the 18th century, shifting from travel notes to systematic studies with the works of figures like Charles Darwin and Immanuel Kant.
• 😀 In the 19th century, geography shifted focus to physical geography, including climate, vegetation, and natural phenomena, rather than human geography.
• 😀 Modern geography (20th century onwards) focuses on both quantitative and qualitative methods, utilizing computer technology and tools like Google Maps for spatial analysis and mapping.
• 😀 The development of geography can be summarized in five periods: Classical, Medieval, 18th Century, 19th Century, and Modern Geography, with each era focusing on different aspects such as myths, exploration, systematic studies, and technological advancements.

Q & A

Who introduced the term 'geography' and what is its origin?

The term 'geography' was introduced by the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes. The word is derived from two Greek words: 'geo' meaning earth and 'graphein' meaning to write or describe.

How did geography start according to the transcript?

Geography started as a collection of travel notes, where sailors and travelers documented descriptions of different regions they visited, such as landscapes and geographical features like volcanic plateaus.

What was the difference between physical determinism and possibilism in the development of geographical thought?

Physical determinism suggests that human activities are entirely controlled by natural conditions, while possibilism argues that humans can control nature through technology, like artificial rain or greenhouses.

What is the significance of classical geography in the development of the field?

Classical geography was characterized by myths and associations of natural events with gods. For example, lightning was thought to be the wrath of gods, and tsunamis were linked to Poseidon.

What was the keyword for geography in the Medieval period and why?

The keyword for Medieval geography was 'exploration.' During this period, figures like Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta explored new regions, which contributed to the rise of colonialism and the geographic revolution.

How did geography evolve in the 18th century?

By the 18th century, geography had become a systematic science, moving beyond travel records to include scientific works and books. This transformation marked a shift toward more organized geographical study.

What was the focus of geographical studies in the 19th century?

In the 19th century, geographers focused on physical geography, including studies of climate, vegetation, and physical conditions. This period saw a decline in the study of human geography and an increased focus on the natural world.

How did modern geography differ from previous periods?

Modern geography focuses on both quantitative and qualitative methods, using statistical techniques and in-depth analyses of spatial phenomena. It also incorporates new technologies like Google Maps and GIS (Geographic Information Systems).

What role did technology play in the development of modern geography?

Technology played a significant role by providing tools like Google Maps and GIS, which helped geographers to map, analyze, and understand spatial data more effectively and comprehensively.

How did colonialism contribute to the development of geography?

Colonialism contributed to geography by encouraging exploration and mapping of new territories, which eventually led to the study of different regions' resources, landscapes, and geographical characteristics, particularly during the Medieval and Renaissance periods.