Perkembangan Ilmu Geografi - Kurikulum Merdeka Klas X Fase E

Summary

This video provides an engaging overview of the development of geography, tracing its evolution from ancient times to the modern era. It covers the historical roots of geography, from its Greek origins through the Roman and medieval periods, highlighting key figures like Eratosthenes and Ibn Battuta. The script explores the emergence of geography as a formal science in the 19th century and its modern-day applications, including geographic theories like determinism and possibilism. Additionally, it addresses the development of geography in Indonesia, from the colonial era to the establishment of geography as an academic discipline after independence.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geography is the science that studies the Earth, including human interactions with their environment.
• 😀 The term 'Geography' comes from Greek words 'Demos' (earth) and 'Graphein' (to describe).
• 😀 Geography was officially defined in 1988 during an international seminar as the study of geosphere phenomena and human-environment interactions.
• 😀 The origins of geography date back to ancient Greece, with Eratosthenes being a key figure in its development, including the first calculation of the Earth's circumference.
• 😀 In the Middle Ages, geography advanced in the Arab world, with notable figures like Idrisi and Ibn Battuta contributing valuable knowledge from their travels.
• 😀 By the 19th century, geography became an academic science in Europe, with significant contributions from Immanuel Kant and Alexander von Humboldt.
• 😀 The late 19th and early 20th century saw geography divided into two schools of thought: Determinism, led by Alfred Hettner, and Possibilism, led by Paul Vidal de la Blache.
• 😀 Modern geography, since the 1950s, focuses on solving contemporary environmental and human-related problems using quantitative methods and computer tools.
• 😀 In Indonesia, geography evolved from being an object of exploration during the pre-colonial era to a formal field of study under the Dutch and British colonial periods.
• 😀 The formal study of geography in Indonesia began with the establishment of the Faculty of Geography at Gadjah Mada University in 1930.
• 😀 Different experts define geography, with one of the most notable definitions being that geography investigates human-environment interactions and the unique characteristics of life in various locations.

Q & A

What is the definition of geography according to the script?

Geography is the science that describes or depicts the Earth, studying the similarities and differences in geosphere phenomena and human interactions with their environment in the context of environmental and regional space.

Who is credited with the first use of the term 'geography'?

Eratosthenes, a Greek scholar, is credited with the first use of the term 'geography' and is known for publishing a book on the subject that included map-making techniques.

What was the key achievement of Eratosthenes in the field of geography?

Eratosthenes is famous for calculating the circumference of the Earth with 99% accuracy by using the angle of inclination of the sun's shadow at different locations.

How did geography evolve during the Middle Ages?

During the Middle Ages, geography expanded significantly in the Arab world, with notable figures like Ibn Battuta and Al-Idrisi producing geographical writings. These adventurers documented their travels and contributed to geographical knowledge.

What is the significance of Ibn Battuta's journey in the development of geography?

Ibn Battuta's journey was monumental as he traveled extensively, including to Indonesia, and his accounts greatly contributed to the understanding of various regions and cultures.

What were the major developments in geography during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, geography evolved into a complete science and began to be taught at universities in Europe. The period saw the rise of modern geography, with contributions from figures like Alexander von Humboldt, who emphasized the study of climate, weather, and the Earth's surface.

What are the two schools of thought in geography that emerged in the late 19th century?

The two schools of thought are determinism, which suggests that human life is determined by the natural environment (pioneered by Alfred Hettner), and possibilism, which argues that humans can adapt and modify their environment (pioneered by Paul Vidal de la Blache).

How did geography evolve in Indonesia during the colonial era?

In the colonial era, geography in Indonesia was mainly used for studying biodiversity. British and Dutch geographers, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, divided Indonesia into regions based on flora and fauna, influencing the study of geography in the region.

What significant event marked the development of geography in Indonesia post-independence?

After Indonesia's independence, the establishment of the Faculty of Geography at Gadjah Mada University in 1930 marked a significant development in the study of geography in the country.

What are the main functions of geography according to the script?

Geography serves to investigate human interactions with different environments, considering their location and the various elements of the Earth. It also studies the characteristics of natural phenomena and population, aiming to understand the function of these elements in space and time.