Pengertian Dasar Geografi

Summary

This video offers an introduction to geography, explaining its definition, history, and development as a science. The term 'geography' is explained as the study of the Earth and its contents, including land, climate, sea, flora, fauna, and humans. The video traces geography’s origins to Eratosthenes and highlights key figures and developments over time. It also discusses geographical approaches, such as spatial, ecological, and regional analysis, and the scope of geography, which includes physical and human aspects. Lastly, it covers the main branches of geography, including physical, human, and engineering geography.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geography is the science that studies the Earth and all its contents, including land, climate, sea, flora, fauna, and humans.
• 😀 The term 'Geography' comes from Greek, with 'Geo' meaning Earth and 'Graph' meaning a picture or depiction.
• 😀 The Father of Geography is Eratosthenes, who first used the term 'geography' over 2200 years ago.
• 😀 Early geography focused on physical phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions and sea events, but has since expanded to include social phenomena.
• 😀 Geographical studies are divided into material and formal objects. Material objects include the Earth's crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and anthroposphere.
• 😀 Geography uses three main approaches: spatial (studying phenomena in space), environmental (examining the relationship between living things and their environment), and regional (combining spatial and environmental approaches).
• 😀 Geography has both physical and non-physical aspects. Physical aspects include land, climate, and water, while non-physical aspects focus on human activities, such as population, economy, culture, and politics.
• 😀 The physical aspects of geography include the study of topography (earth's surface), biotic factors (living organisms), and abiotic factors (non-living elements).
• 😀 Geography helps analyze and solve geographical problems, such as the impact of human activities on nature, through the spatial, environmental, and regional approaches.
• 😀 There are three main branches of geography: physical geography (studies earth's physical phenomena), human geography (studies human activities and their effects), and engineering geography (uses technical expertise like remote sensing and mapping).

Q & A

What is geography as defined in the video?

Geography is a science that studies the Earth and all its contents, including land, climate, seas, flora, fauna, and humans.

Who is considered the 'Father of Geography' and why?

Erastothenes is considered the Father of Geography because he was the first to use the term 'geography' and contributed to its development 2200 years ago.

What are the two main objects of study in geography?

The two main objects of study in geography are material objects (e.g., land, air, water, and biosphere phenomena) and formal objects (the way of analyzing these materials).

What are the five material objects of geography mentioned in the video?

The five material objects of geography are the lithosphere (Earth's crust), atmosphere (air layer), hydrosphere (bodies of water), biosphere (life on Earth), and anthroposphere (human activities).

What is the spatial approach in geography?

The spatial approach analyzes geosphere phenomena based on the space in which they occur, such as understanding the spatial patterns of disasters.

What is the environmental or ecological approach in geography?

The environmental or ecological approach connects living organisms and their environment, helping to understand how they interact with one another.

How does the regional or complex approach in geography work?

The regional or complex approach combines spatial and environmental approaches to study geographical problems in a particular region, considering both space and human-nature interactions.

What are the physical aspects of geography?

The physical aspects of geography include topological, biotic, and abiotic aspects, which relate to the shape of the Earth's surface, living organisms, and non-living physical features like water, rocks, and air.

What are the non-physical aspects of geography?

The non-physical aspects of geography focus on human activities and their relationship with the environment, including aspects like population, economics, society, politics, culture, and customs.

What are the three main branches of geography?

The three main branches of geography are physical geography (study of Earth's surface phenomena), human geography (study of human life and its impact on the environment), and engineering geography (use of technical tools like GIS and remote sensing to study geographical phenomena).