Definisi geografi dan perkembangannya

Summary

This video explores the definition, history, and evolution of geography, from its origins in ancient Greece to its modern-day applications. It begins with the term 'geography,' coined by Eratosthenes in 276-194 BC, and traces the development of geographical science through classical, medieval, modern, and 19th-20th century eras. Key figures such as Eratosthenes, Ibn Battuta, and Humboldt are highlighted for their groundbreaking contributions. The video also discusses geography's impact on human life and its current role in solving modern problems through technological advancements like Google Maps.

Takeaways

• 😀 Geography comes from the Greek words 'geo' (earth) and 'graphein' (to describe), meaning the study and description of the Earth's surface.
• 😀 Eratosthenes, considered the Father of Geography, first coined the term and calculated the Earth's circumference with impressive accuracy.
• 😀 Geography studies both natural phenomena and human activities, including socio-economic factors and interactions.
• 😀 The definition of geography in Indonesia, developed in 1988, emphasizes the study of similarities and differences in geosphere phenomena from a spatial perspective.
• 😀 Classical geography (600 BC - 400 BC) was influenced by mythology, with natural events like storms or earthquakes often explained as divine acts.
• 😀 The first known map-making technique, the periplus, was developed during classical geography to assist in maritime navigation by connecting coastlines and ports.
• 😀 In medieval geography (100 - 1500 AD), Arab scientists expanded geographic knowledge, with figures like Ibn Battuta and Musa al-Hawarismi contributing greatly.
• 😀 Modern geography (post-1500 AD) shifted to scientific methods, with notable figures like Alexander von Humboldt shaping its development into a recognized academic discipline.
• 😀 In the late 19th and 20th centuries, geography focused on physical aspects like climate and geology, while the ideas of determinism and possibilism emerged as two major schools of thought.
• 😀 Contemporary geography addresses real-world problems and utilizes modern technologies, such as GIS and tools like Google Maps, to enhance human life and solve practical issues.

Q & A

What is the definition of geography?

Geography is the science that studies the earth and its activities, whether physical, natural, or socio-economic. It combines the concepts of 'geo' (earth) and 'grafien' (writing or description), essentially meaning the description of the Earth's surface.

Who coined the term 'geography' and when?

The term 'geography' was coined by Eratosthenes, a Greek scientist, in 276 to 194 BC. He also introduced the first book on geography, titled 'Geografika'.

What significant contribution did Eratosthenes make to geography?

Eratosthenes calculated the Earth's circumference as 250,000 stadia (approximately 40,000 km), which was remarkably accurate for his time. His work earned him the title 'Father of Geography'.

How does geography study human activities in relation to the earth?

Geography studies human and other living creatures' activities by analyzing the distribution, interactions, and phenomena in specific areas or regions, both natural and socio-economic.

What was the primary focus of geography during the classical era?

During the classical era (600 BC to 400 BC), geography was influenced by mythology and folklore. Geospheric phenomena were often attributed to gods and supernatural forces. The first maps were created using the periplus technique, which involved mapping coastlines and ports to aid in navigation.

Who were some of the key figures in classical geography?

Prominent figures in classical geography included Eratosthenes (father of geography), Herodotus (compiled geographical notes on the Middle East), Ptolemy (mapped continents and studied climate classification), and Thales (theorized the earth was a floating cup).

What characterizes medieval geography (100 to 1500 AD)?

Medieval geography saw the rapid development of geographical science, mainly through the work of Arab scientists. During this period, European exploration for colonial interests (e.g., gold, glory, and gospel) also played a significant role in geographical advancements.

Who were some key figures in medieval geography?

Key figures in medieval geography included Musa al-Hawarismi (first globe map), Ibn Battuta (explorer of Asia and Africa), Marco Polo (explorer of Asia and Indonesia), and Columbus (discovered the American continent).

What is the focus of modern geography (since the 19th century)?

Modern geography, starting from the 19th century, focuses on explaining geospheric phenomena scientifically. It became a recognized discipline and was incorporated into university curricula. Notable figures like Alexander Van Humboldt and Immanuel Kant helped establish modern geography as a scientific field.

What were the two schools of thought that emerged in the late 19th and 20th centuries in geography?

The two main schools of thought in this period were determinism, which posited that human life is influenced by the environment, and possibilism, which argued that humans can change and shape their environment to meet their needs.