Is Blockchain the Key to Achieving Supply Chain Transparency?
Summary
TLDR区块链技术在供应链透明度和安全性方面取得了显著进展。EY的区块链领导者Paul Brody在讨论中指出,区块链已经从试点阶段发展到大规模生产,尤其在透明度和可追溯性方面。目前,区块链不仅用于追踪葡萄酒和疫苗等产品的原材料,还用于创建代币和非同质化代币(NFTs),如意大利啤酒品牌Peyroni为每批啤酒创建的NFT,以实现产品和批次的可追溯性。此外,区块链还开始用于位置追踪,并通过以太坊改进提案(EIP)提出了标准化的元数据基础和URL/URI模型,以支持可变和不可变数据的链接。尽管存在关于区块链能源消耗的批评,但以太坊和Polygon等平台的能源效率远高于比特币,并且正在向权益证明(Proof of Stake)过渡,这将进一步降低能耗。NFTs在供应链中的应用代表了独特资产的所有权,而智能合约则为创建自动化和自主的供应链提供了可能,这将减少手动操作并提高效率。尽管如此,区块链在供应链中的应用仍面临可扩展性、隐私处理和集成现有系统等挑战,但通过二层网络和以太坊2.0的升级,这些问题正在得到解决。
Takeaways
- 📈 区块链技术在供应链透明度和追踪方面取得了显著进展,已经从试点阶段过渡到大规模生产应用。
- 🔍 区块链正在用于追踪各种产品,从葡萄酒到疫苗,包括原材料和成品,这已成为一个庞大的业务领域。
- 🌐 公司正在尝试新的方法,如创建代币和NFT(非同质化代币),例如为每个批次的啤酒创建一个新的NFT。
- 📝 区块链上的数据分为不可变数据和可变数据,不可变数据用于记录历史,而可变数据则通过链下存储定期更新。
- 🔑 尽管区块链记录不可更改,但通过更新URL链接到的链下存储,可以实现对可变数据的持续更新。
- ⚡ 区块链技术,尤其是比特币,因其能耗问题受到批评,但以太坊和其二层网络Polygon的能效比比特币高很多,并且正在向权益证明(Proof of Stake)转变,将进一步减少能耗。
- 🔄 权益证明(Proof of Stake)可能成为工作量证明(Proof of Work)的一个替代方案,尽管它可能有利于已经拥有大量资产的参与者,但系统仍然是相对去中心化的。
- 📦 在供应链跟踪中使用的NFT代表了独特资产的所有权,不仅仅是产品的可追溯性,还包括位置和所有权。
- 💡 智能合约可以自动响应条件变化,实现自动执行任务,如自动重新订购库存,推动供应链的自动化和自主化。
- 🚧 区块链技术在供应链管理中的广泛应用还面临一些障碍,包括提高对可追溯性的接受度、隐私保护的成熟度以及参与者的易用性集成。
- ⏱️ 区块链的扩展性和交易处理速度是过去的问题,但正在通过创建二层网络和以太坊从1.0向2.0的过渡来解决,后者包括分片技术,将大幅增加处理能力和速度。
Q & A
区块链技术在实现供应链透明度方面的现状如何?
-区块链技术在供应链透明度和可追溯性方面取得了很大进展,已经从概念验证阶段发展到大规模生产阶段。目前,区块链被用于从原材料建模到成品跟踪的各个环节,涉及从葡萄酒到疫苗、原材料和食品等多个领域。
区块链技术在供应链管理中已经超越了试点阶段吗?
-是的,区块链技术已经在许多公司中超越了试点阶段,正在全面生产中使用,并且公司正在尝试新的运作方式。
如何通过区块链技术实现产品从生产到分销的每一步跟踪?
-通过创建代币和非同质化代币(NFTs),例如为每个批次的啤酒创建一个新的NFT,可以实现产品批次的可追溯性。此外,还有提议通过以太坊改进提案(EIP)来标准化位置跟踪和数据附加。
区块链上的不可变数据和可变数据是如何区分的?
-区块链上的记录是不可变的,但可以通过链下存储和URL来更新可变数据。这样,可以在区块链上查看不可变的历史数据和当前状态。
区块链和加密货币的能源密集型问题是否得到了解决?
-以太坊比比特币能源效率高90倍,并且正在从工作量证明(PoW)转向权益证明(PoS),这将使其能源效率提高99倍。对于比特币,需要通过可再生能源输入来解决这一问题。
权益证明(PoS)是否会加剧区块链上的中心化问题?
-尽管权益证明可能会让已经拥有大量资产的参与者受益,但以太坊仍然是一个相对去中心化的系统,并且随着二层网络的发展,访问将变得更加平等。
在供应链跟踪中使用NFT代表什么?
-在供应链跟踪中使用NFT可以代表独特资产的所有权,例如啤酒的批次。NFT提供了一种追踪每个批次独特性的方式,有助于健康、安全和可追溯性的管理。
区块链如何帮助创建所谓的自主供应链?
-智能合约可以自动响应条件变化,执行任务,如自动重新订购库存。这可以使得供应链的各个环节,如个别缓冲区和存储位置,通过智能合约实现自主化,从而创建自组织、自动化的自主供应链。
区块链技术在供应链管理中成熟和广泛应用的障碍是什么?
-需要提高对可追溯性的舒适度,改进隐私组件,使更多参与者能够轻松登录和集成,例如EDI和SAP集成。此外,还需要解决规模和交易处理速度的问题。
区块链技术在处理大规模交易和提高交易速度方面有哪些改进?
-通过创建二层网络(Layer 2)和以太坊从1.0向2.0的过渡,以及分片(sharding)的概念,可以大幅提高处理能力和交易速度。
区块链技术在供应链管理中的未来发展如何?
-区块链技术不仅是供应链可追溯性的未来,也是采购交易、多方供应链管理和支付的未来。随着技术的进步和障碍的克服,预计将在供应链管理中发挥更大的作用。
为什么供应链管理需要同时关注可追溯性和隐私?
-可追溯性对于消费者了解产品来源和质量至关重要,而隐私保护则确保了供应链中敏感信息的安全,如库存量和分销点的具体数据,这些信息不需要对所有人公开。
Outlines
🚀 区块链技术在供应链透明度中的应用现状
Paul Brody,EY的区块链领导者,讨论了区块链技术在实现供应链透明度方面的进步。他提到,区块链技术已经从试点阶段发展到大规模生产,尤其在透明度和可追溯性方面取得了显著进展。目前,区块链被用于各种产品,从葡萄酒到疫苗的原材料追踪。此外,Brody还提到了使用非同质化代币(NFTs)和智能合约来增强供应链管理,以及通过以太坊改进提案(EIP)来实现位置追踪和数据的标准化。他还解释了区块链中不可变数据和可变数据的区别,以及如何通过链下存储和URL更新来处理可变数据。
🌐 区块链技术的能源效率和NFT在供应链中的应用
讨论了区块链和加密货币面临的能源密集型批评,特别是比特币的能源消耗问题。Brody指出,他们使用的是以太坊和以太坊二层网络Polygon,这些网络比比特币更节能,并且正在从工作量证明(Proof of Work)转向权益证明(Proof of Stake),这将进一步降低能耗。此外,他解释了NFT在供应链中的应用,NFT可以用来代表独特的资产,如啤酒批次,并讨论了智能合约在创建自主供应链方面的潜力。
🔍 区块链技术面临的挑战和未来发展
Paul Brody讨论了区块链技术在供应链管理中成熟和广泛应用的障碍。他提到,需要提高对可追溯性的接受度,改善隐私处理,并使更多的参与者能够轻松地登录和集成,例如通过EDI和SAP集成。此外,他还提到了区块链的扩展性和交易处理速度问题,以及正在通过创建二层网络和以太坊从1.0向2.0的过渡来解决这些问题。Brody对区块链技术在供应链管理中的未来发展持乐观态度。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡区块链技术
💡供应链透明度
💡智能合约
💡非同质化代币(NFT)
💡以太坊
💡工作量证明(Proof of Work)
💡权益证明(Proof of Stake)
💡自主供应链
💡数据不可变性
💡层二层网络(Layer 2)
💡隐私保护
Highlights
区块链技术在供应链透明度和安全追踪方面取得了显著进展,特别是在透明度和可追溯性方面。
区块链技术已经从试点阶段发展到大规模生产应用,涉及从原材料到成品的各个阶段。
区块链正在用于追踪各种产品,包括葡萄酒、疫苗、原材料和食品。
区块链在工业应用中已成为最大的业务之一。
公司正在尝试新的方法,如创建代币和NFTs,以增强产品追溯性。
通过创建NFT,每个批次的啤酒都有其独特的标识,增强了产品的独特性和可追溯性。
区块链技术正在实现位置追踪,通过以太坊改进提案(EIP)来标准化位置元数据。
区块链可以实现不可变数据和可变数据的结合,以展示产品的历史和当前状态。
区块链记录不可变,但可以通过链下存储和URL更新来处理可变数据。
以太坊比比特币能效高90倍,并且正在向权益证明(Proof of Stake)转型,进一步提高能效。
区块链技术面临的能源密集型批评主要集中在比特币上,而以太坊和Polygon等正在通过技术创新解决这一问题。
非同质化代币(NFTs)在供应链跟踪中的应用,代表了产品的独特性和所有权。
智能合约可以自动响应条件变化,实现供应链的自动化管理。
区块链技术有助于创建自主供应链,通过智能合约实现自我组织和管理。
区块链技术面临的挑战包括提高对可追溯性的接受度、隐私保护的成熟度以及参与者的易接入性。
为了提高易接入性,正在开发EDI和SAP集成,以便企业系统能够安全、私密地连接到区块链。
区块链的扩展性和交易处理速度正在通过二层网络解决方案和以太坊2.0的转变得到改善。
二层网络解决方案可以降低交易成本并提高处理速度,而以太坊2.0和分片技术将进一步增加网络的容量。
尽管区块链技术在供应链管理方面正在成熟,但仍有许多工作要做以实现更广泛的应用。
Transcripts
[Music]
is blockchain technology the answer to
achieving supply chain transparency
my guest is paul brody blockchain leader
of ey hello paul
hi there thanks for having me and thank
you for being with me so what is the
current status of blockchain
as a means of achieving transparent and
secure end-to-end tracking and supply
chains
so the current status is actually that
it's making a lot of progress and
particularly with regard to transparency
and traceability it's moving along very
nicely we've gone over the last couple
of years from hey let me do a little
pilot i want to do a proof of concept to
now into large scale production we're
into large scale production with some
nuance as well so we're starting to do
things like build materials modeling
merging raw materials into finished
goods tracking lots we're doing
everything from bottles of wine to
vaccines raw materials
food so it's become a really big
business
and uh it's it's uh it's probably in
terms of industrial applications our
single largest business
well that's that's pretty impressive so
you're saying that in many companies or
in many instances it's beyond the pilot
stage
oh absolutely it's in full production uh
it's moving at scale companies are even
experimenting with sort of new ways of
doing things so early on for example we
did things that were sort of immature
like we would notarize documents
tracking and implementation but right
now where we are is we are creating
tokens we're creating nfts peyroni italy
is a really good example we create a new
nft with each batch of beer so we cannot
just have like we can have product
traceability batch traceability right
it's maturing it's matured beyond like
i'm just time stamping a document and
creating history and then we're also
starting to do things like location
tracking so we've just submitted an eip
what's called the ethereum improvement
proposal
to do a couple of things number one to
track locations standard metadata base
so you can track the location of an item
that represents it
and then secondly
we've created a standardized model of
attaching a url or a uri
that supports both mutable and immutable
data
so we can have immutable data like this
is a batch of beer was produced at this
time and we can also have mutable data
like it's in this warehouse at this
location so uh we're starting to get
quite sophisticated in our
implementation of tradability i don't
even know where to begin with all the
questions i have about that i i first of
all i thought that immutable was was the
whole point of blockchain uh that the
data it cannot be changed uh once it
goes up on the blockchain but you're
saying that necessarily isn't the case
if the data needs to be changed it can't
be right
so the blockchain record can't be
changed but let's say i have let's say
create a record of a batch of beer for
peroni and i put this on the blockchain
right now that there's immutable things
about that record like the history what
happened to it etc but there's also
things that change from time to time
like where is it located uh which
distributor has it and things like that
so
and when you look at a token on the
blockchain you'd like to see both the
immutable history data and the current
status and so what we've done is we've
tried to create a way where you can
access both the stuff that needs to be
immutable that doesn't change that is is
immutable and doesn't change the stuff
that's up to date that stuff can be
continuously updated so that's our i see
does this involve the participation of
miners in order to place uh place
something in a bl on a block
every every block every transaction
involves the use of miners but when
you're updating mutable data what you're
actually doing is you're updating a url
with off chain storage and the mutable
data points you to that off chain store
as it gets continuously updated so
that's how we try to handle things like
the split between immutable data that we
don't ever want change and we want this
permanent record of that stuff really
goes on chain as a transaction and
mutable data there we want to point her
to that data but that data can change
over time
you know recently blockchain and also
more specifically cryptocurrency have
come under a lot of criticism for the
incredible energy uh intensiveness of
this technology is that still the case
is that being solved in any way when
blockchain has is related to supply
chain issues
uh yeah so almost all the criticism and
discussion of this is centered on
bitcoin which is not what we use we use
ethereum and we use an ethereum layer
two called polygon
ethereum itself is something like 90
times more sort of energy efficient than
bitcoin and uh that in turn uh is in
shifting to something called proof of
stake from proof of work that in turn
will make it again 99 more efficient
than it currently is so the carbon
footprint issue is i think it's an
intermittent one and it is it's a
transient issue for supply chain on
ethereum it's a bit more of a
substantial issue for bitcoin
and that's going to be addressed it's
going to have to be addressed by
renewable energy inputs into the mining
process is proof of state an actual or
does it make sense as a replacement for
proof of work because does that not
favor those who already have the
greatest share of of assets and they can
control what's going on on the
blockchain because they have the bigger
stake
uh yes although it is a still a
relatively decentralized system and will
become more so and then you can also
look at the layer twos which are proof
of stake based and are a secondary layer
so you you have a more
equal access into those so i feel pretty
optimistic that it's not there's no risk
of like a 51 attack in the ethereum
ecosystem at least that i see right now
you reference nfts non-fungible tokens
which of course have been in the news
for other reasons works of art and
little clips of videos and things like
that i'm sure that's not what we're
talking about here what is owned in a
blockchain that is created for supply
chain tracking when an nft is involved
you're owning a piece of code but but
what exactly are you owning and why does
nfts come in why do nfts come into the
picture at all
so non-fundable tokens are really can be
used for any kind of unique asset so if
you think about a batch of beer it's it
is a batch of beer and in theory like a
beer you know your beer from your your
system should change taste the same all
the time but in reality each batch is
you know slightly unique and for health
and safety and traceability reasons you
want to keep track of that when you own
an nft in that circumstance you just
have a trucking deal it's not like
ownership of the beer itself
what we do want to get to them
is
nfcs and tokens that represent not just
the trades ability but the ownership in
the location because traceability is
nice but if i want to manage my supply
chain effectively i really want to have
i want to have traceability i want to
have supply chain management i want to
have inventory management i believe
blockchain isn't just the future
traceability it's the future of
procurement transactions
future of multi-party supply chain
management to do that that token
represents the location and the
ownership your reference do you not to
the notion of an autonomous supply chain
the use of smart contracts where does
blockchain come in in creating this
so-called autonomous supply chain what
for that matter is it an autonomous
supply chain
so i've been working in supply chains
for some time i was part of some of the
early work i2 technologies it was a lot
of fun i remember uh asking one of my
colleagues so beyond i said the client
keeps talking about excel is there like
a supply chain planning system that has
the same name of the spreadsheet like no
no that's the spreadsheet they're
talking about they're running their 20
billion dollar supply chain on a
spreadsheet
and we've we've improved but
we're still very manually and
what i think would be really fantastic
is smart contracts can do things in
video smart contracts is that they can
do things automatically on their own in
response to conditions so imagine you
have a smart contract that's looking
over an inventory position right it's
got a min it's got a max it's got an
economic order quantity when it falls
below the minimum it can just say hey i
want to reorder and it can do it
automatically and when i think about
you know some of the crowd source and
really modern supply chains that we're
seeing evolve today the thing that's
exciting for me is these things are
these things are not top down driven
right if you think about car ride
sharing services or apartment sharing
services they're bottom-up driven right
they're driven by the individual
participants we can make
individual buffers and storage locations
in the supply chain in that sense
autonomous with smart contracts they can
reorder for themselves within
we can have self-organizing automated
autonomous supply chains
what obstacles stand in the way
of blockchain becoming a mature and
widely used technology for this purpose
that we're talking about today
so i think there's a couple of things
first of all we've got to get more
comfortable with the traceability right
uh secondly we've got to to improve and
mature the privacy component right when
you're doing traceability because you
want the consumer to see that you had
uh um organic inputs into your supply
chain that's something you want
everybody to see what you don't want
people to see is how many cases of beer
you have in each particular walmart or
safeway or whole foods right so we need
more mature handling and privacy um we
need uh the ability for more and more
participants to log in and integrate
easily so we've been working on things
like edi integration so much of the
world already depends on edi it would be
really important and useful and we're
prioritizing edi integration sap
integration so that you can plug your
enterprise system
directly onto the blockchain move data
around with privacy with security and
tie these together business contracts
and payments so there's still a huge
amount of work to be done even though
this business is starting to mature
really nicely in quite a few ways what
about the issue of scale we hear that
getting stuff on the blockchain it's a
time-consuming process and then the the
speed of transactions is quite slow
so
there are there are there's their scale
and transaction processing speed which
have both historically been issues
they're both being addressed in
different ways so
the first way in which they're being
with the creation of layer twos so what
layer two solutions do in the world of
ethereum is they allow me to take
uh a a if you think of ethereum the main
public ethereum blockchain is the layer
one on the second layer it can batch up
a huge number of transactions push them
all at once onto the network or just
hold them in the secondary layer so the
layer twos they're not quite as
but they're anchored to the main
blockchain they can handle really fast
processing times at very low costs
that's one big improvement and for
example we're working with a layer 2 of
polygon we're doing quite a bit of work
with them that's that's reduced our
transaction cost by 90 over the last few
weeks as we switch that on
the second thing that's happening is
ethereum itself is undergoing a
transition from 1.0 to 2.0 that's going
to hugely increase the capacity and then
within the 2.0 roadmap there's a concept
called sharding which allows for
multiple networks to operate together in
a way that that further multiplies the
scale so
i feel confident that there's a
scale
that's
larger and faster than the rate at which
transaction volumes are
at the moment
all right well much more to be said on
this topic in future but right now paul
brody of ey thank you so much for
helping us understand just where
blockchain is is technology for
visibility for supply chain management
for the autonomous supply chain thanks
very much for being with me today really
appreciate it
thank you thanks for having me
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