APUSH Review: Colonial America New Netherlands
Summary
TLDRThis video explores Dutch colonization in North America, focusing on New Netherlands and its pivotal role in shaping New York City. It discusses the Dutch East India Company's influence, Henry Hudson's explorations, and the establishment of Fort Orange. The script delves into the colony's diverse population, the fur trade's economic significance, and the lack of democratic institutions. It also covers conflicts like the Beaver Wars, Dutch-Native American relations, and the eventual English takeover, leading to New Amsterdam becoming New York.
Takeaways
- 🇳🇱 Dutch colonization in America was driven by companies like the Dutch East India Company, aiming to expand and bring profits to investors.
- 🚢 The Dutch hired English explorer Henry Hudson to find the Northwest Passage, which led to Dutch claims on the region.
- 🏰 The first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherlands was Fort Orange, established around 1623-1624 in present-day Albany, New York.
- 🦃 The Dutch were primarily interested in the fur trade, especially beaver pelts, which were highly profitable.
- 🏘️ New Amsterdam (now New York City) was a company town, run by the Dutch West India Company to generate profit for shareholders.
- 🌐 The colony of New Netherlands was diverse, with people of different religions and nationalities, making it a cosmopolitan society.
- 🏞️ The Dutch had a cooperative but not perfect relationship with the local Native Americans, who were crucial for the fur trade.
- 💸 The story of the Dutch 'buying' Manhattan for $24 worth of goods is largely a myth, as Native Americans did not have the concept of private property.
- 🛡️ New Amsterdam built a wall (now Wall Street) to protect against native and English threats, but it was vulnerable to attacks from the harbor.
- 🇬🇧 The English, under King Charles II, took over New Netherlands in 1664, renaming New Amsterdam to New York after the Duke of York.
- 🏛️ Despite the English takeover, Dutch influence remains in New York City, with names like Harlem and Brooklyn having Dutch origins.
Q & A
What was the primary motivation behind Dutch colonization in North America?
-The primary motivation behind Dutch colonization in North America was profit, particularly through the fur trade.
How did the Dutch gain control over the area that would become New York?
-The Dutch gained control over the area through exploration by Henry Hudson, who was hired by the Dutch East India Company, and later by establishing claims and settlements such as Fort Orange.
What is the significance of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company in the colonization of New Netherlands?
-The Dutch East India Company and the Dutch West India Company were significant as they were the entities that financed and organized the Dutch colonization efforts, including the establishment of settlements and trade networks.
What was the nature of the Dutch relationship with the local Native American tribes?
-The Dutch aimed to maintain favorable trading relations with the local Native American tribes, as the tribes knew the best locations for beaver hunting, which was key to the fur trade.
How did the Dutch acquire Manhattan, and what is the myth associated with this acquisition?
-The Dutch acquired Manhattan by trading goods worth approximately $24 to a local native tribe. The myth is that they got one of the best real-estate deals ever, but this is complicated by the fact that Native Americans did not have the concept of private property rights as Europeans did.
Why was New Amsterdam, the capital of New Netherlands, considered a company town?
-New Amsterdam was considered a company town because it was run entirely as a business by the Dutch West India Company, with the purpose of generating profit for its stockholders.
What were the Beaver Wars, and how did they impact the Dutch colony in North America?
-The Beaver Wars were a series of conflicts between the Dutch and local Native American tribes, partly due to strained relations and competition over the fur trade. These wars led to a threat to the Dutch colony and contributed to its eventual takeover by the British.
How did the diversity of the colony of New Netherlands differ from other British colonies?
-The colony of New Netherlands was enormously diverse, with a cosmopolitan society that included various religious groups and spoke multiple languages, which was more diverse than the other 13 British colonies.
What was the role of the wall built in New Amsterdam, and how did it relate to the present-day Wall Street?
-The wall was built as a defense system to keep out native and English threats. It later became the namesake for Wall Street, where the stock market is located.
How did the English eventually take control of New Amsterdam, and what changes occurred afterward?
-The English, under King Charles II, sent a military expedition that resulted in the Dutch colony surrendering without a fight. New Amsterdam was renamed New York in honor of James, the Duke of York, and the English colony expanded, stretching from Maine to the Carolinas.
What are some of the lasting Dutch influences in present-day New York City?
-There are several Dutch influences in New York City, including place names like Harlem and Brooklyn, which are derived from Dutch words. The official seal of New York City also features Dutch elements such as Native Americans, beavers, windmills, and Dutch settlers.
Outlines
🌍 Dutch Colonization and the Birth of New Amsterdam
The script discusses the Dutch colonization of New Netherlands, focusing on the role of the Dutch East India Company in global expansion during the 17th century. It highlights how the Dutch sought to establish their claim in North America by hiring English explorer Henry Hudson to find a Northwest Passage. Hudson's exploration led to the naming of the Hudson River and the establishment of Fort Orange (now Albany, New York) as the first permanent Dutch settlement. The script also touches on the competition with other European powers like England, Spain, and France, all vying for control of the New World.
🏘️ The Unique Aspects of New Netherlands
This section delves into the unique characteristics of the Dutch colony of New Netherlands, emphasizing its focus on profit, particularly through the fur trade. It discusses the lack of democratic institutions and religious freedom within the colony, which was run as a company town by the Dutch West India Company. The script also notes the colony's diversity, with various religious groups and languages present, contrasting with the more homogeneous British colonies. The diversity was both a strength and a challenge for governance.
🛡️ Conflicts and Defenses in New Netherlands
The script outlines the problems faced by New Netherlands, including the Beaver Wars with Native Americans and the threat from other European powers. It describes how the Dutch built a wall (which later became Wall Street) to protect against these threats. The narrative also covers the Dutch-Swedish conflict and the eventual incorporation of New Sweden into New Netherlands. The looming threat from the British, under King Charles II, is highlighted, leading to the peaceful surrender of New Amsterdam and its renaming to New York.
🏛️ Legacy of New Netherlands in New York
The final paragraph summarizes the aftermath of the English takeover of the Dutch colony, noting how New York became a part of the English colony stretching from Maine to the Carolinas. It discusses the strategic importance of the colony's location and the lack of significant growth or democratic development under English rule. The script concludes by pointing out the lasting Dutch influence on New York City, from its official seal to place names like Harlem and Brooklyn, and the city's diverse economic base inherited from its Dutch past.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Dutch colonization
💡New Netherlands
💡Dutch East India Company
💡Henry Hudson
💡Fort Orange
💡Dutch West India Company
💡Beaver Wars
💡Wall Street
💡Patroonship
💡New Amsterdam
💡Duke of York
Highlights
Dutch colonization led to the birth of a famous American city.
Holland gained independence from Spain in 1579 with help from Protestant England.
The Dutch East India Company was established to expand Dutch influence and bring profits to investors.
The Dutch were a commercial and naval powerhouse in the 17th century.
Henry Hudson, an English explorer, was hired by the Dutch East India Company to find the Northwest Passage.
The Dutch established claims to the region, which later became known as New Netherlands.
The first permanent Dutch settlement, Fort Orange, was established around 1623-1624 in present-day Albany, New York.
The Dutch West India Company established settlements for profit, primarily from the fur trade.
The story of the Dutch 'buying' Manhattan for $24 worth of goods is largely a myth.
The colony of New Netherlands was focused on profit, particularly from the beaver trade.
New Amsterdam was a company town, run by the Dutch West India Company.
There was a lack of democratic institutions and religious freedom in the colony of New Netherlands.
The colony was not very attractive to settlers due to its focus on profit from the fur trade.
New Netherlands was incredibly diverse, with people of many different religions and languages.
The Beaver Wars strained relations between New Netherlands and the local native people.
New Amsterdam built a wall as a defense system, which later became Wall Street.
The Dutch colony of New Sweden was incorporated into New Netherlands after a bloodless fight in 1655.
The British eventually took over New Amsterdam, renaming it New York in honor of James, the Duke of York.
The colony of New York was autocratic with a small number of landowners holding most of the power.
The city of New York still has many Dutch influences, including names like Harlem and Brooklyn.
Transcripts
what's up everyone today we're going to
take a look at the Dutch colonization
it's called new Netherlands and in
particular how that colonization by
Holland by the Dutch eventually will
lead to the birth of this famous
American city home to biggie smalls and
of course there I am over the years
getting old and even more handsome as
time moves on now what you need to know
is a couple of things and just more
background more than anything else not
super important is um Spain basically
controlled the area of the Netherlands
and in 1579 with a little help from
Protestant England Holland the Dutch are
free from Spanish control and really a
big part of Holland or the Netherlands
expansion is done by companies such as
the Dutch East India Company and this
was a company which was designed to
bring profits to its investors it's a
joint stock company and really in the
1600s so we're talking seventeenth
century here Dutch are really a
commercial and naval powerhouse they
they are at the peak they're at making
some big money and doing pretty well for
themselves the Dutch East India Company
is expanding all over the world and they
hire a British guy a English explorer by
the name of Henry Hudson to go explore
on behalf of the company and we have a
real-life recreation here it is take a
look at the map there he is cruising
along the coast and he goes into the
area of what will be Delaware in New
York it's not called that yet and this
English explorer was intended to find
the Northwest Passage for the Dutch East
India Company they're looking for a
shortcut to the Indies in 16:9 1609 so
this is taking place and this
establishes Dutch claims to the
region now keep in mind England and
Spain and France are also peeking around
these areas and you know Jamestown was
established in 1607 the colony of Quebec
was established not too long after up in
Canada so we have this competition
taking place now what ends up happening
is they establish their claim Hudson
River is named after Henry Hudson and
the first permanent Dutch settlement in
what will become New Netherlands takes
place at a place called fort orange
oranges are always at fort oranges built
like around 1623 1624 I think it's
completed and it is built in what is
today Albany New York and you can see it
right there on the map now it's not the
first kind of Dutch settlement um
there's another fort that survives for
around four years I just call it fort
Naz to help me remember it and it was
established not by the Dutch East India
Company but by another company the Dutch
way for it West India Company the Dutch
West India Company is the one who
establishes these settlements now fort
Naz lasts for four years it's more of a
military defense warehouse you know
keeping Goods and things like that
eventually it comes in disrepair and
they replace it with the big one for
orange now for orange why is it there
why is the Dutch West India Company
establishing these settlements and it
really is for profit and in particular
the fur trade here is a re-creation of
that for it with the Dutch ships right
off the coast so they're there and along
the Hudson River you know rivers are
important for travel into the interior
and they want to make money and in
particular the fur trade is gonna be the
money makers now one of the most
well-known things if anything that
people know about the colonisation of
New Netherlands is what happens with
Manhattan and the story goes the Dutch
come in there and get one of the best
real-estate deals ever when they offer
if there's something like $24 worth of
stuff to get 22,000 acres of land in
what will become by buying it from a
local native tribe now this story of
course is largely myth because there's a
whole bunch of issues that complicate
this one is Native Americans did not
have the notion of private property
rights as the European settlers did you
know there was no sense that you could
sell this land and some historians say
that they merely sold them the right to
use the land there's also a question as
to whether or not the Native Americans
who sold it to the Dutch even were the
tribe that had traditionally used that
area there was stories that they
actually were from another Island around
the colony so who knows keep in mind the
motives of the colony of New Netherlands
is profit and of course that profit is
going to largely come from not tobacco
not rice not those things but fur
she's a fairy girl and what you need to
keep in mind is even the seal of the
colony of New Netherlands very clearly
tells you they're out largely for the
beaver trade so their profit motive fur
trade profits is a key aspect of the
colony of New Netherlands now this is
going to lead to some interesting
dynamics developing between the colony
of New Netherlands in the local native
people for one unlike the British who
are going to come in huge numbers to the
east coast of the you know continent
the Dutch are gonna come in smaller
numbers they're going to attempt to have
favorable trading relations with the
native people because the native people
are the ones who know where the beaver
roam and how best to get the fur so
you're gonna have a more cooperative
relationship not a perfect one the Dutch
will have their fair share of wars
you'll see in just a moment now another
unique aspect of the Dutch colonization
is the fact that the colony of New
Netherlands no Amsterdam is the fact
that it is a company town meaning it is
run entirely as a business it's run by
the Dutch West India Company with its
headquarters over an Amsterdam the
purpose of the colony is to get profit
for the stock holders to generate
revenue and as a result of it being run
as a company town some unique things are
going to take place in the colony of New
Netherlands and there's the settlement
as it grows and these things are for one
there's a lack of democratic
institutions in the colony there is not
going to be any representative assembly
like the House of Burgess in Virginia or
the town hall meetings like in
Massachusetts Bay Colony there's no kind
of democracy in a sense there's a lack
of religious freedom in the colony you
know it is profit profit profit so those
ideals of religious
freedom are absent those religious
motives are absent from the colony
another aspect of the colony of New
Netherlands is it doesn't get a lot of
settlers there's not a lot of people
that want to come to the colony there's
other colonies of the Netherlands that
are more you know ideal for a settlement
and you know if you're basing it on
profit in the fur trade a lot of people
actually does the opposite it runs down
the likelihood of profits so you have
not a lot of settlers coming very few
people coming and when those individuals
who do come you have something called
patroon ships and this was like a feudal
estate where people would come and have
these huge land grants and if you settle
50 people you get more land and so what
you get is a very small number of people
having lots of land in the majority of
people not having much at all there was
something unique though about New
Netherlands and think about where it is
established in what is today New York
and that is it is enormously diverse
there's a very cosmopolitan society and
as a result you get all these different
people coming
all these different people coming I mean
it's a port town it's right there along
the Hudson River and in the colony of
New Amsterdam modern-day New York City
you have a mix of religious groups there
you have Jews there Catholics
Protestants Puritans you have 18
different languages so you know that
idea of diversity of America really new
Netherlands the colony of New
Netherlands represents that more than
any of the other 13 British colonies but
that's also difficult to govern in fact
more than half the population are not
even Dutch you've got French you got all
sorts of different people in the colony
itself so now that you know the kind of
why they came and what the colony was
like you got to know the problems they
started to have and I've already
revealed some of them you know not a lot
of people come to the colony but the big
problem starts taking place when New
Netherlands has a series of Wars called
the beaver wars and if you click that
link right there you're gonna learn all
about the beaver wars we're not gonna
spend a lot of time in this lecture
discussing them but partly because of
their strained relations with the native
people you know there were massacres
that took place the Dutch and the
natives you know there were both sides
were fighting each other because if you
were not trading with the Dutch they had
no interest in your presence on the
continent and so you had this really
strained relationship and that led not
only the threat or the fear of the
native people but it also was the fear
of other nations such as England and the
Dutch colony of New Amsterdam builds a
defense system a wall on the northern
portion of the colony and it is designed
to keep out the native and the English
threat and these threats were very
serious I mean this is like a real-life
game of Thrones here you know
competition is fierce now this wall is
built and it of course it'll become the
famous wall street where the stock
market is held and takes place but
there's a problem here
and yes that wall was a pretty gnarly
defense system but all of this is
completely vulnerable right into the
harbor of the Hudson River so that's not
going to be very effective at keeping
someone out paint taped the British now
another problem develops and that is
there are other European countries
trying to establish themselves in the
North American continent and one
unexpected one is Sweden 1638 the Swedes
establish a fort over in what will
become Delaware and this along the
Delaware River this settlement along the
Delaware River is never really a big
threat it's a sad colony not a lot of
people go it's not you know exactly
threatening the Dutch but the Dutch
don't like their settlement in their
region and so in 1655 the Dutch send a
military expedition under the authority
of a guy that has the nickname Father
wooden leg and in 1655 the fort the
swedish fort falls and a bloodless fight
and the colony of New Sweden is
incorporated into the colony of New
Netherlands now the big threat though is
going to come with British and the big
threat with the British is gonna come
at this point the king of England is a
guy by the name of King Charles the
second and you start getting the colony
of the Dutch colonies bumping into the
English colonies particularly here in
the Connecticut region and the English
do not want the Dutch in their area
they're competing with one another for
resources and trade and Native American
alliances and things of that nature
in fact you have the Dutch kicked out of
the Connecticut Valley area by the
English colonists and what you see
happening is as the New England colony
grows and the New Netherland colony kind
of remains stagnant remember the New
England colonies had this great
migration of people coming into this
region that doesn't happen with new
Netherlands and what ends up happening
is king charles ii sends over in 1664
in military expedition he gives a huge
piece of land remember any time the king
gives a plot of land to a group or
individuals it's a proprietary colony
and this military expedition comes over
he gives the land to his bro the Duke of
York James the Duke of York no shots are
fired there's no epic battle or anything
like that the colony the Dutch colony
basically surrenders and New Amsterdam
is renamed New York in honor of James
the Duke of York and just like that the
map which New Netherlands Noon Amsterdam
right down there suddenly now becomes
New York and more importantly though by
1664 England has a colony that is
stretching from Maine all the way down
to the Carolinas and this gives them
strategic advantages the middle colonies
which New York will be a part of will be
strategically important with all their
rivers into the interior it gives them a
powerful Harbor the Hudson River goes
into the interior and they are building
up their empire slowly and of course
this will eventually lead to conflict
with France now a couple things about
the colony of New York
it doesn't really pop it's a very
autocratic colony there is huge amount
of power in a small number of land
owners there's not a lot of freedom or
political democracy taking place and as
a result not a lot of people go to New
York but it is a mixed very diverse
economy because those people that were
there in the colony of New Netherlands
merged into the colony of New York and
if you go to New York there are still
legacies of the Dutch in the city in
fact the city of New York's seal
official seal does have the Native
Americans with the Dutch beaver and
windmills and Dutch settlers in fact
names like Harlem and Brooklyn two very
important New York
areas were derived from Dutch words
there I am in Amsterdam that closes
and of course the takeover and the
English took over the Dutch colony and I
hope you take over the a.push exam by
subscribing to my channel like it tell a
friend and have a beautiful day peace
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