APUSH Period 2 Speed Review

Summary

This educational video script reviews key historical events and developments in British North America. It covers Spanish colonization of Central and South America, French and Dutch settlements, and English colonies' establishment and growth. The script also discusses the Triangular Trade, labor systems including indentured servitude and slavery, and conflicts with Native Americans. It highlights the Great Awakening's religious and social impact, leading to new denominations and questioning of British authority.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Spanish colonized Central and South America and the Caribbean, mining silver, establishing sugar plantations, and exploiting the labor of Natives and Africans.
• 🇫🇷 The French focused on finding the Northwest Passage and had friendlier trade relations with the Natives compared to other colonizers.
• 🏙️ The Dutch established the colony of New Amsterdam, trading with natives but with less focus on religious conversion.
• 🏰 The English sought permanent settlements with greater freedom from the crown, religious diversity, and social mobility, leading to conflicts with Native Americans.
• 🚢 The first British settlers arrived at Jamestown, making profits through tobacco plantations and relying on slave labor.
• 📜 The first elected legislative body in the colonies, the House of Burgesses, was founded in Virginia in 1619.
• 🌱 The New England colonies were established by Puritans seeking religious freedom, with Massachusetts Bay being a model religious community.
• 🌾 The Middle Colonies were economically diverse, known as the 'Bread Basket' due to crop cultivation, and attracted various European ethnic groups.
• 📊 The Southern Colonies had lucrative rice and indigo plantations, relying heavily on slave labor and having a large port city in Charleston.
• 🔄 The British colonies participated in the Triangular Trade, exporting more than they imported, under the mercantilist theory.
• 🔗 The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the 1730s and 1740s that challenged the Church of England and encouraged colonists to question British authority.

Q & A

What were the primary activities of the Spanish in Central and South America?

The Spanish mined silver, established sugar plantations, and exploited the labor of Natives and Africans.

How did the Spanish monarchy exert control over New Spain?

The Spanish monarchy heavily controlled New Spain and forced Catholic conversion on the natives.

What were the main objectives of the French in North America?

The French focused on finding the Northwest Passage and establishing waterways like the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.

What was the demographic characteristic of New France?

New France was sparsely populated and had friendly trade relations with the natives.

What was the Dutch focus in North America?

The Dutch focused on the Northwest Passage and established the colony of New Amsterdam.

How did the English differ from other colonizers in their approach to colonization?

The English sought permanent settlements with families, enjoyed greater freedom from the crown, were religiously diverse, and had a great degree of social mobility.

What was the economic basis of the Chesapeake region?

The Chesapeake region's economy was based on tobacco farming and slave labor.

What was significant about the establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

The Massachusetts Bay Colony was described as a 'city upon a hill' and was a model religious community.

How did the Middle Colonies differ from the other British colonial regions?

The Middle Colonies were ethnically diverse, economically diverse, and known for religious tolerance.

What was the Triangular Trade and how did it affect the British colonies?

The Triangular Trade was a trade network between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, and it made the British colonies part of a system where they exported more than they imported, contributing to their wealth.

What was the impact of the First Great Awakening on colonial society?

The First Great Awakening led to a religious revival, separation from the Church of England, and encouraged colonists to question British authority.

Outlines

00:00

🌐 Colonial America Overview

This paragraph provides an overview of the colonization of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and North America by various European powers. It discusses the Spanish colonization focused on mining silver and establishing sugar plantations, exploiting native and African labor. The French were more focused on trade and waterways, with a more friendly relationship with the natives. The Dutch aimed for the Northwest Passage and established New Amsterdam. The English sought permanent settlements with diverse religious backgrounds and greater freedom from the crown. The paragraph also delves into the different British colonial regions, their economies, and the development of colonial governments. It mentions the Triangular Trade and the Navigation Acts, labor dynamics including the shift from indentured servitude to slavery, and conflicts with Native Americans. It concludes with the Great Awakening, a religious revival that influenced colonial society.

05:01

📚 Exam Preparation Guidance

The second paragraph serves as a study guide for an upcoming exam, advising students on what to focus on. It emphasizes understanding the causes and effects of mercantilism and the Triangular Trade, the motivations behind British colonization, and the impact of the Great Awakening on colonial society. The paragraph suggests that students should be prepared to discuss changes post-Bacon's Rebellion, particularly the shift to slave labor. It also anticipates comparison questions about colonizers and British colonial regions. The paragraph concludes with a recommendation for the audience to use the provided study materials for further exam preparation.

Keywords

💡Conquistadors

Conquistadors were Spanish soldiers and explorers who traveled to the Americas during the Age of Exploration. They were often seeking wealth and new territories to claim for Spain. In the video, conquistadors are mentioned as being mostly male and often intermarried with native women, which had significant social and cultural impacts on the colonization process.

💡New Spain

New Spain refers to the territories in North, Central, and South America that were colonized by Spain. The video discusses how the Spanish Monarch heavily controlled New Spain and forced Catholic conversion on the natives, which was a key aspect of Spanish colonization strategy.

💡New France

New France was the area colonized by France in North America, including parts of what is now Canada and the United States. The video highlights that New France spanned from Canada down to Louisiana and was characterized by friendly trade relations with the natives and a focus on finding the Northwest Passage.

💡Triangular Trade

Triangular Trade refers to the trade network that existed between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the colonial period. The video explains that this trade system was based on the theory of mercantilism, where countries became wealthy by exporting more than they imported, and it significantly shaped the culture and economy of the British colonies.

💡Mercantilism

Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice that dominated in Europe from the 16th to the 18th century, where nations sought to maximize exports and minimize imports to increase national wealth. The video connects mercantilism to the Triangular Trade and how it influenced colonial trade policies.

💡Indentured Servants

Indentured servants were individuals who agreed to work for a certain period, typically several years, in exchange for transportation to the Americas and often land or money at the end of their contract. The video mentions that indentured servants were the first laborers in the British colonies before the shift to African slave labor.

💡Salem Witchcraft Trials

The Salem Witchcraft Trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions of people accused of witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts. The video uses this historical event to illustrate the tensions and superstitions of the time in New England.

💡Great Awakening

The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the American colonies during the 18th century. The video describes how it was a response to a perceived decline in religious observance and led to the formation of new denominations, as well as questioning of British authority.

💡Planter Class

The planter class refers to individuals who owned large plantations and were economically powerful due to their agricultural production, particularly tobacco. The video discusses how the growth of plantations in the Chesapeake region led to the rise of the planter class and a reliance on slave labor.

💡Navigation Acts

Navigation Acts were a series of laws passed by the English Parliament to regulate colonial trade and ensure that certain goods were shipped only to England or English colonies. The video mentions these acts in the context of British efforts to control colonial trade, although they were rarely enforced due to a policy of salutary neglect.

💡Jamestown

Jamestown was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas, established in 1607. The video highlights Jamestown as a key location where settlers initially faced many challenges but eventually thrived through the cultivation of tobacco and the establishment of a planter class.

Highlights

Free speed review sheet available for period two

Unit 2 focuses on Circle in people, events, and vocab

Spanish colonization in Central and South America and the Caribbean

French colonization focused on finding the Northwest Passage

Dutch established the colony of New Amsterdam

English settlements sought permanent settlements and were religiously diverse

Chesapeake region included Virginia and Maryland, known for tobacco farming

New England was founded by pilgrims and valued education

Middle colonies were ethnically diverse and known as the Bread Basket

Southern colonies included rice and indigo plantations

Triangular Trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

Navigation Acts were passed to control colonial trade

Indentured servants were the first laborers in the British colonies

Native American conflicts led to violent clashes over land and culture

The Great Awakening was a religious revival in the American colonies

The Great Awakening led to the formation of new denominations

The Great Awakening encouraged colonists to question British Authority

For exam preparation, focus on causes and effects of mercantilism and Triangular trade

Study the causes of British colonization and the effects of the first Great Awakening

Compare colonizers and British colonial regions for exam questions

Transcripts

hey push students let's cover everything

you need for period

two before we start print out the free

speed review sheet to help you follow

along with this video it's free and you

can find the link in the description

below right now look at unit 2 Circle in

people events vocab things that you

might not quite remember that you need

to focus on as we review what you're

confident that you've mastered a topic

you can check it off and move on to the

next all right here we go like we talked

about in unit one the spish colonized

Central and South America and the

Caribbean they mined silver and

established sugar plantations and

exploited the labor of Natives and

Africa the Spanish Monarch heavily

controlled new span and forced Catholic

conversion on the natives they said

mostly male conquistadors who often

intermarried with native women the

French on the other hand focused on

finding the Northwest Passage and

waterways like the great lakes in the

Mississippi River New France spanned

from Canada down to Louisiana but was

sparsely populated they had trade

relations with the natives too which

were much friendlier than other

colonizers like the Spanish they were

also Catholic and S Jesuit missionaries

like the French the Dutch also focused

on the Northwest Passage establishing

the colony of New Amsterdam they also

traded with natives but were not as

focused on religious conversion or

subjugation finally the English

settlement in families and sought

permanent settlements the English

enjoyed greater freedom from the crown

were religiously diverse and had a great

degree of social Mobility English

population also grew quickly which

caused conflict with Native Americans

next let's look at the British colonial

regions first at Chesapeake which

included Virginia and Maryland the first

British settlers arrived at Jamestown

seeking profit they were funded by a

joint stock company and After

experiencing multiple setbacks leaders

like John Smith and John RF helped the

colony Thrive they made massive profits

by growing tobacco and plantations which

will lead to the growth of the planter

class and a reliance on slave labor the

first elected legislative body called

the house of burges was founded in

Virginia in 1619 and will serve as an

example of colonial government going

forward Maryland was founded as a refuge

for Catholics by Lord Baltimore like

Virginia its economy was based on

Tobacco farming and slave labor Maryland

also passed the Act of Toleration which

guaranteed religious freedom for all

Christians next is New England which

includes Massachusetts Rhode Island

Connecticut and New Hampshire the first

settlers in New England were pilgrims

who arrived at Plymouth they signed the

Mayflower contract establishing

self-government for the colony Plymouth

was eventually absorbed into the

Massachusetts Bay colon John Winthrop

was its first governor and described The

Colony as a city upon a hill a model

religious community the Puritans were

extremely strict and Roger Williams and

and hutchon were exiled for challenging

religious and political leaders also the

infamous Salem Witchcraft Trials took

place in the colony highlighting the

tensions and superstitions of the time

education was highly valued in

Massachusetts Bay and the economy was

based on trade and lumbering those that

were exiled from Massachusetts Bay often

went to Rhode Island which was founded

on the premise of religious tolerance

next the middle colonies of Pennsylvania

Delaware New York and New Jersey

Pennsylvania was a proprietary colony

founded by William pent a Quaker who

believed in religious tolerance friendly

relations with Natives and oppos slavery

Pennsylvania was economically diverse

and known as the Bread Basket because

they grew crops like wheat and barley

the middle colonies were also ethnically

diverse attracting German and Scots

Irish immigrants finally the southern

colonies included North Carolina South

Carolina and Georgia North Carolina was

characterized by small independent Farms

but South Carolina had lucrative rice

and indigo plantations a Reliance on

slave labor and a large Port City in

Charleston the last colony to be founded

was Georgia by James oglethorp The

Colony served as a buffer colony to to

protect the British colonist from

Spanish Florida next let's talk about

trade the British colonies were founded

according to the theory of merkus where

a country becomes Wealthy by exporting

more than it has to import under this

Theory the British colonies became part

of a trade Network known as the

Triangular Trade that took place between

Europe Africa and the Americas to better

control colonial trade the crown passed

a series of Navigation Acts but these

were rarely enforced in a policy known

as salutary neglect the colonists

enjoyed this economic freedom and made

personal profit through smuggling next

Labor in the colonies the first laborers

in the British colonies were indentured

servants these laborers agreed to work

for an individual who would pay their

way and they were usually contracted for

between 7 and 10 years the first African

laborers arrived on the coast of

Virginia in 1619 Beacon's Rebellion

aided in the switch to African slave

labor as Nathaniel Bacon LED an uprising

of landless whites against Virginia

Governor William Berkeley as the number

of enslaved laborers increased slave

codes were often passed especially in

colonies where the slave population was

high but enslaved workers attempted to

fight back by breaking tools faking

illness and even Revolt one example was

the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in

1739 which was the largest slave

insruction in the 13 colon is resulting

in the tightening of slave coats next

Native American conflicts differences

over culture and land use led to

frequent and violent conflicts between

British settlers in Native America first

remember the potin uprising that

occurred in 1622 in the Virginia colony

when a new chief of the potin

Confederacy took over he believed war

between the two groups was inevitable

resulting in attacks on English

settlements along the James River King

Philips war was one of the deadliest

conflicts between Natives and British

settlers and eventually led to the end

of resistance of natives in New England

another conflict that occurred was the

quo Revolt which happened between the

Spanish settlers and the American

Southwest in the pbl finally the

religious movement called the Great

Awakening the first Great Awakening was

a religious revival that occurred in the

American colonies during the 1730s and

1740s caused in part because of a drop

in church attendance and Jonathan

Edwards surmon sinners in the hands of

an Angry God another leader George

Whitefield traveled throughout the

Colones preaching to huge crowds at

events called camp meetings the first

grade awakening applied to all people

regardless of their socioeconomic status

but it also created divisions between

the old lights who resisted the Revival

and the new lights who embraced it

leading to the formation of new

denominations like the Baptist and

Methodist churches the Great Awakening

had a huge impact on colonial society as

it led to separation from the church of

England and encourag colonists to

question British Authority so come exam

day what question should you be able to

answer for causes focus on causes and

effects of the system of mercantilism

and the Triangular tradeit especially on

the culture of the colonists and make

sure that you focus on the causes of

British colonization some were profit

motivated but others were motivated by

religious freedom finally you could be

asked about the effects of the first

grade awakening especially how it helped

encourage colonists to question British

Authority also for continuity and change

focus on the changes that took place

after bacon Rebellion like the switch to

using slave labor over indentured

servants finally for comparison

questions asking to compare the

colonizers or to compare the British

colonial regions appear here all over

the exam check out the aush ultimate

review packet for more help we've got

timeline study guides and Essay help

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