Masa Demokrasi Liberal: Periode Masa Demokrasi Liberal; RIS dan Pembubarannya | Part 1

Edcent Id

21 Feb 202219:19

Summary

TLDRIn this video, the presenter discusses Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era, which spanned from 1950 to 1959. Key events include the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and the issuance of President Sukarno's decree in 1959. The video highlights the role of the RIS, its structure, and eventual dissolution due to factors such as Muhammad Natsir's integral motion and regional rebellions. Additionally, the presenter explains the characteristics of the Liberal Democracy period, including political instability, frequent cabinet changes, and the use of a provisional constitution. The video concludes by detailing the seven different cabinets that governed during this era.

Takeaways

📜 The Liberal Democracy era in Indonesia lasted from 1950 to 1959.
🛑 The Liberal Democracy period began with the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) and ended with President Soekarno's decree on July 5, 1959.
🏛 The United States of Indonesia was established after the Round Table Conference in 1949 and consisted of 7 states and 9 autonomous regions.
👑 Soekarno was the President of RIS, while Mohammad Hatta served as the Prime Minister.
💡 The integral motion proposed by Mohammad Natsir in 1950 played a crucial role in dissolving RIS and unifying Indonesia as a single state.
🚨 Rebellions such as APRA, Andi Azis, and the South Maluku Republic also accelerated the dissolution of RIS.
📚 During the Liberal Democracy era, Indonesia used the 1950 provisional constitution, which was meant to be temporary.
⚖️ A parliamentary cabinet system was adopted, where the Prime Minister led the government and was accountable to parliament.
⚔️ Political instability was a hallmark of this era, with seven different cabinets led by six Prime Ministers in just nine years.
🎓 The strong influence of political parties and frequent cabinet changes led to instability and weakened government effectiveness during the period.

Q & A

What event marked the beginning and end of Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period?
-The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia began with the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950 and ended with President Soekarno's Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959.
What was the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS), and when was it formed?
-The Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) was a federal state formed after the Round Table Conference agreement in December 1949. It consisted of seven member states and nine autonomous regions.
Who were the leaders of RIS and the Republic of Indonesia during the RIS period?
-Soekarno was the President of RIS, and Mohammad Hatta served as the Prime Minister. Mr. Assaat was the President of the Republic of Indonesia within RIS, with Susanto as the Prime Minister.
What led to the dissolution of the Republic of the United States of Indonesia (RIS)?
-RIS was dissolved due to two main factors: the Integral Motion by Muhammad Natsir, which called for the unification of all RIS states into the Republic of Indonesia, and regional unrest, including the APRA rebellion, Andi Azis' revolt, and the Republic of South Maluku uprising.
What was Muhammad Natsir’s Integral Motion, and why was it significant?
-Muhammad Natsir’s Integral Motion, presented to the RIS parliament, called for the unification of the federal states within RIS into a single Republic of Indonesia. It was crucial in leading to the dissolution of RIS and the reformation of Indonesia as a unitary state.
What type of constitution was used during the Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia?
-During the Liberal Democracy period, Indonesia used the 1950 Provisional Constitution, which was meant to be a temporary law while a new constitution was being drafted.
How was the government structured during Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy period?
-Indonesia operated under a parliamentary system during the Liberal Democracy period. The President was the head of state, while the Prime Minister and their cabinet, responsible to the parliament, held executive power.
What were the key features of Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period?
-Key features of the Liberal Democracy period included the use of the 1950 Provisional Constitution, a parliamentary system with a Prime Minister, and frequent cabinet changes, leading to political instability.
How many cabinets were formed during the nine-year Liberal Democracy period, and what does this indicate?
-Seven different cabinets were formed, led by six Prime Ministers, during the nine years of Liberal Democracy. This frequent change indicates political instability and power struggles among political parties.
Which two cabinets during the Liberal Democracy period lasted for more than one year?
-The first Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet (1953-1955) and the Djuanda Cabinet (1957-1959) were the only two cabinets that lasted for more than a year during the Liberal Democracy period.

Outlines

00:00

🗓️ Introduction to Liberal Democracy Era in Indonesia

The script introduces the era of liberal democracy in Indonesia, which spanned from 1950 to 1959. It is marked by the dissolution of the United States of Indonesia, or Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS), and the issuance of a presidential decree by President Soekarno on July 5, 1959. The RIS was established as a federal form of government following the Round Table Conference on December 27, 1945, and consisted of seven states and nine autonomous regions. The script lists the states and regions within RIS and discusses the establishment of the federal state.

05:00

🏛️ Leadership and Characteristics of RIS Constitution

This paragraph discusses the leadership during the RIS period, with Soekarno as the president and Mohammad Hatta as the prime minister. It also mentions the transition to the Republic of Indonesia (RI), with Mr. Assaat becoming the president and Susanto as the prime minister, who was later replaced by Abdul Halim. The script highlights the characteristics of the RIS constitution and the political dynamics that led to its dissolution, including the integralism movement proposed by Muhammad Natsir and regional rebellions such as the APRA uprising and the South Moluccan Republic.

10:02

🌐 Factors Leading to the Disintegration of RIS

The script identifies two main factors that led to the disintegration of RIS: the integralism movement proposed by Muhammad Natsir, which aimed to unite the states within RIS into a single republic, and regional rebellions such as the APRA uprising in Bandung, the South Moluccan Republic in Maluku, and the uprising led by Andi Azis in South Sulawesi. These factors, along with support from national figures like Soekarno, contributed to the eventual dissolution of RIS on August 17, 1945.

15:05

📜 Features of Liberal Democracy and Political Instability

This section outlines the features of the liberal democracy era in Indonesia, characterized by the use of the Provisional Constitution of 1950, the implementation of a parliamentary cabinet system, and political instability marked by frequent changes in government. The script lists the seven different cabinets and six prime ministers during this period, emphasizing the strong influence of the parliament and the prioritization of party interests over national interests, which led to the instability.

🏛️ Detailed Account of Cabinets During Liberal Democracy

The script provides a detailed account of the cabinets that emerged during the liberal democracy era, starting with Muhammad Natsir's cabinet from 1950 to 1951, followed by Sukiman, Wilopo, Ali Sastroamidjojo (twice), Burhanuddin Harahap, and finally the Juwanda cabinet, also known as the 'zaken' cabinet, from 1957 to 1959. It notes the short lifespan of these cabinets, with most lasting only one year, and highlights the political instability as a result of party interests overshadowing national interests.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Demokrasi Liberal

Demokrasi liberal refers to a period in Indonesian history (1950-1959) where the country implemented a parliamentary system with significant political freedoms. The term is crucial to the video, as it marks the era characterized by frequent changes in government and political instability. This period ended with President Soekarno's decree in 1959.

💡Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS)

Republik Indonesia Serikat (RIS) was a federal state established after the Dutch transferred sovereignty to Indonesia following the 1949 Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference. The video explains that RIS consisted of multiple autonomous regions and was dissolved in 1950 due to the Natsir motion and regional unrest.

💡Dekrit Presiden 1959

The Presidential Decree of 1959, issued by President Soekarno, ended the liberal democracy era and restored the 1945 Constitution. This decree is a key historical event marking the shift from parliamentary to a more centralized form of governance in Indonesia, as highlighted in the video.

💡Mosi Integral Natsir

Mosi Integral Natsir was a political motion by Mohammad Natsir in 1950, advocating for the dissolution of RIS and the unification of its federal states into the Republic of Indonesia. This motion is a pivotal moment in the video, contributing to the eventual end of RIS and the return to a unitary state.

💡Kabinet Parlementer

Kabinet parlementer refers to the parliamentary cabinet system used during the liberal democracy period, where the cabinet was responsible to the parliament. The video discusses how this system led to political instability, with frequent changes in government as political parties often challenged the ruling cabinets.

💡Konstitusi RIS

Konstitusi RIS was the constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Serikat, used to govern the federal system established after the Round Table Conference. The video notes that this constitution was short-lived, as RIS was dissolved and the country returned to a unitary state under the 1950 provisional constitution.

💡Pemberontakan APRA

The APRA rebellion (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil) was a revolt led by former Dutch military officer Raymond Westerling in West Java in 1950. This rebellion, along with other regional revolts, is cited in the video as a factor accelerating the dissolution of RIS.

💡Pemberontakan Republik Maluku Selatan

The South Maluku Republic (RMS) rebellion was an attempt by some regions in Maluku to secede from Indonesia in 1950. The video references this rebellion as part of the regional unrest that contributed to the instability of RIS and its eventual dissolution.

💡Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara 1950

Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara 1950 was the provisional constitution used during Indonesia's liberal democracy era. It provided the legal framework for the parliamentary system and was intended to be temporary until a new constitution could be drafted by the Constituent Assembly, as highlighted in the video.

💡Kabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo

Kabinet Ali Sastroamidjojo refers to the government cabinets led by Prime Minister Ali Sastroamidjojo. The video notes that his first cabinet (1953-1955) was one of the few to last more than one year during the period of political instability in Indonesia's liberal democracy era.

Highlights

The Liberal Democracy period in Indonesia lasted from 1950 to 1959.

The dissolution of the United States of Indonesia (RIS) in 1950 marked the beginning of the Liberal Democracy era.

The period ended in 1959 with the issuance of the Presidential Decree by President Soekarno on July 5, 1959.

RIS was a federal form of government formed as part of the Round Table Conference agreement, consisting of 7 states and 9 autonomous regions.

The President of RIS was Soekarno, and the Prime Minister was Muhammad Hatta.

The Republic of Indonesia existed alongside RIS, with Mr. Assaat serving as President of RI and Susanto as Prime Minister.

The dissolution of RIS was driven by Mohammad Natsir’s 'Mosi Integral' in 1950, which called for the unification of the states under RIS into the Republic of Indonesia.

Several regional rebellions, such as the APRA rebellion in Bandung, Andi Azis’ rebellion in Makassar, and the Republic of South Maluku (RMS) rebellion, accelerated the dissolution of RIS.

The Liberal Democracy period is marked by political instability with frequent changes in cabinets.

During the Liberal Democracy period, Indonesia operated under the Provisional Constitution of 1950 instead of the 1945 Constitution.

A parliamentary cabinet system was used, where the Prime Minister was the head of government, responsible to the parliament.

Political instability is reflected in the frequent collapse of cabinets, with seven different cabinets over nine years.

The most notable cabinets during this period include the Natsir Cabinet, Sukiman Cabinet, and Ali Sastroamidjojo’s two cabinets.

Only two cabinets lasted more than one year: the first Ali Sastroamidjojo Cabinet (1953-1955) and the Djuanda Cabinet (1957-1959).

The political instability was due to the strong influence of political parties, often prioritizing their interests over national interests.