masa demokrasi liberal di indonesia #materidaringsejarahindonesiakelas12

Summary

This video discusses Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period from 1950 to 1959, a significant era in the country's political history. It covers key aspects like the 1950 Constitution, the parliamentary system, and the frequent cabinet changes due to political instability. The video also highlights the 1955 general election, the rise of political parties, and the challenges in governance. It concludes by addressing the end of Liberal Democracy, marked by Sukarno’s 1959 Presidential Decree, which transitioned Indonesia into Guided Democracy. The video is aimed at high school students studying Indonesian history.

Takeaways

• 📜 The video discusses Indonesia's liberal democracy period from 1950 to 1959, which is taught in grade 12 across all streams, including history.
• 📜 Liberal democracy in Indonesia featured a parliamentary system, multiple political parties, frequent changes in cabinet, and economic and security challenges.
• 📜 The 1950 Constitution (UUDS 1950) was used during this period and was considered temporary, intended to be replaced by a more permanent constitution.
• 🏛️ The parliamentary system meant that the head of state (the president) was separate from the head of government (prime minister), similar to systems in countries like the UK and Malaysia.
• 🗳️ The first general election in Indonesia took place in 1955, which was regarded as the most democratic in Indonesian history, with very little corruption or manipulation.
• ⚖️ The key political parties in the 1955 election were PNI, Masyumi, NU, and the PKI, which shaped the political landscape of the time.
• 👨‍💼 Several prime ministers led Indonesia during the liberal democracy era, including Mohammad Natsir, Sukiman, Wilopo, Ali Sastroamidjojo, Burhanudin Harahap, and Djuanda.
• 🔄 Frequent changes in leadership were often caused by no-confidence motions and conflicts between political parties, as well as economic and security issues.
• ⚔️ Various security disturbances occurred, including uprisings like the Andi Azis movement, Republic of South Maluku (RMS), and DI/TII rebellions.
• 💰 Indonesia's economy during this period was marked by inflation control measures such as the 'Gunting Syafruddin' policy and efforts to nationalize industries, including the nationalization of De Javasche Bank, now known as Bank Indonesia.

Q & A

What is the period of Indonesia's Liberal Democracy era?

The Liberal Democracy era in Indonesia lasted from 1950 to 1959.

What kind of government system was implemented during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy?

During the Liberal Democracy era, Indonesia implemented a parliamentary system of government, which separated the roles of the head of state and the head of government.

What were the main characteristics of Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy?

The main characteristics included the use of a parliamentary system, a multi-party system, frequent cabinet changes, and a liberal economic policy. There were also numerous security and economic challenges during this period.

Which constitution was in effect during Indonesia's Liberal Democracy period?

The Indonesian Constitution in effect during this period was the Provisional Constitution of 1950 (UUDS 1950), which was later replaced by the 1945 Constitution.

How did the multi-party system impact the government during this period?

The multi-party system during the Liberal Democracy period led to frequent cabinet changes and political instability, as the opposition parties often worked to bring down the government instead of working constructively.

When was Indonesia’s first democratic election held, and why was it significant?

Indonesia’s first democratic election was held in 1955, and it is considered the most democratic election in the country's history, with minimal fraud and no significant instances of money politics.

Who were the four main parties that won the 1955 election?

The four main parties that won the 1955 election were the Indonesian National Party (PNI), Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

What were some of the key security threats during Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy period?

Key security threats included the Westerling-led APRA rebellion, Andi Azis’ rebellion, the Republic of South Maluku movement, and the PRRI/Permesta rebellions. There were also military and civil unrest, such as the Tanjung Morawa incident and the Cikini assassination attempt on President Sukarno.

What economic policies were implemented during the Liberal Democracy era?

Some key economic policies included the ‘Gunting Syafruddin’ to reduce inflation, the Benteng Program to promote national industries, the nationalization of De Javasche Bank, and the Alibaba system which aimed to foster cooperation between indigenous and non-indigenous entrepreneurs.

What event marked the end of Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy period?

The end of the Liberal Democracy period was marked by President Sukarno’s issuance of the Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, which dissolved the Constituent Assembly and reinstated the 1945 Constitution, transitioning Indonesia into the Guided Democracy era.