Manusia Hidup dalam Perubahan dan Keberlanjutan - Sejarah SMA X - Digidik Bimbel Online Gratis

Summary

This video explores the concepts of change and continuity in human history, emphasizing their connection to time. It explains how humans, as actors in history, experience the passage of time while history itself evolves dynamically. Drawing on the ideas of Indonesian historian Kuntowijoyo, the video outlines four historical phenomena: development, continuity, repetition, and change. Examples illustrate each concept, such as the growth of villages into cities, the persistence of tribute systems, repeated forced labor under Dutch and Japanese rule, and rapid sociopolitical changes like the rise of communism in Vietnam. The video underscores that history is both shaped by and reflective of human actions over time.

Takeaways

• 😀 Humans live in a continuous flow of change and continuity, which is closely tied to the concept of time in history.
• 😀 Time is always moving: the past leads to the present, which leads to the future, and humans exist as actors within this flow.
• 😀 History is dynamic, evolving along with the passage of time and human actions.
• 😀 Any past event or day can be considered history as humans advance into the present and future.
• 😀 According to Kuntowijoyo (2001), humans in history can experience four phenomena: development, continuity, repetition, and change.
• 😀 Development refers to life progressing toward a better or more complex condition, such as villages growing into cities.
• 😀 Continuity occurs when societies maintain old methods and traditions without significant change, applying historical practices to the present.
• 😀 Repetition happens when historical events recur in the present, like forced labor during Dutch and Japanese colonial periods in Indonesia.
• 😀 Change represents rapid and significant transformations in a society, often influenced by external interventions, like the rise of communism in Vietnam.
• 😀 Understanding these four concepts helps explain how humans and societies interact with time and history, showing patterns of improvement, preservation, recurrence, and transformation.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the video transcript?

The main focus is on the concepts of change and continuity in history and how they relate to time, humans as actors of history, and insights from the Indonesian historian Kuntowijoyo.

How are change and continuity related to the concept of time?

Change and continuity are related to time because historical events and human experiences unfold over past, present, and future periods. Time constantly progresses, influencing how humans and societies evolve or maintain practices.

According to the transcript, how do humans interact with time as actors of history?

Humans exist in the present but are influenced by the past and contribute to shaping the future. They are both subjects and objects in historical study, experiencing developments, continuity, repetition, or changes as time passes.

Who is Kuntowijoyo, and why is he mentioned in the video?

Kuntowijoyo was an Indonesian historian mentioned for his framework in 2001 describing four phenomena in historical experience: development, continuity, repetition, and change.

What does 'development' mean in Kuntowijoyo's historical framework?

Development refers to life moving toward better or more complex conditions over time. An example is the growth of small villages into large cities after the discovery of the American continent.

Can you explain 'continuity' with an example from the transcript?

Continuity is when a society retains old methods without significant changes. For example, during the VOC's rule in Indonesia, kingdoms continued the traditional practice of paying tribute to new rulers.

What is meant by 'repetition' in history, and how is it illustrated in the video?

Repetition occurs when historical events happen again in the present under different circumstances. An example is forced labor: Rodi under Dutch colonialism and Romusha under Japanese occupation.

How does the transcript define 'change' in historical terms?

Change refers to rapid or significant transformations in society or a region, often influenced by internal development or external interventions. An example is the emergence of communism in Vietnam in the 1960s–1970s influenced by the Soviet Union and China.

Why is history considered a dynamic science according to the transcript?

History is dynamic because it evolves over time along with human actions and societal developments. It is not static; it changes as humans progress and as new events occur.

How does the transcript illustrate the concept that any current day becomes history?

The transcript explains that if today is the 10th, tomorrow the 10th becomes history. This shows that human experience is constantly moving forward with time, and the present immediately turns into the past.

What role do external interventions play in historical change?

External interventions can accelerate or cause significant changes in a region or society. For example, foreign influence from the Soviet Union and China contributed to the rise of communism in Vietnam during the 1960s–1970s.