KONSEP DASAR SEJARAH

Summary

This educational video script delves into the fundamental concepts of history, emphasizing the importance of understanding the past. It explores the definition of history as a discipline, the significance of human, space, and time in historical events, and the methodologies of chronological, diachronic, and synchronic thinking. The script also touches on the concepts of change and continuity in history, encouraging viewers to appreciate the dynamic nature of human experiences through time.

Takeaways

• 📚 History is a discipline that uses specific methods to reconstruct past events objectively, aiming to write what truly happened.
• 🌐 The term 'history' originates from the Arabic word 'syajaratun', meaning 'genealogy', and it was later adopted into Malay and Indonesian languages.
• 🏛️ History as a science involves the study of significant human events from the past, emphasizing the importance of objectivity and factual accuracy.
• ⏳ The concept of 'time' in history includes past, present, and future, with a focus on how past events influence the present and future.
• 🧠 The human element is central to history, as humans are the agents of all historical events, making human actions and decisions the core of historical study.
• 🌳 The 'space' aspect of history refers to the location where events occur, providing a tangible context for historical occurrences.
• 🕰️ 'Kronologis' thinking in history involves a linear, time-ordered approach to understanding events, which aids in reconstructing past events accurately.
• 🔄 'Diachronic' thinking in history emphasizes the transformation of events over time, focusing on the temporal dimension and setting clear time boundaries for analysis.
• 🌐 'Synchronic' thinking in history highlights the broad spatial representation and interrelation of social sciences like politics, economy, and culture within historical contexts.
• 🌱 The concept of change and continuity in history acknowledges the influence of space and time on human life, marked by ongoing transformations and developments.

Q & A

What is the main topic discussed in the video script?

The main topic discussed in the video script is the concept of history, including its definition, the importance of chronology, and the understanding of historical events through diachronic and synchronic perspectives.

What does the term 'history' originate from according to the script?

The term 'history' originates from the Arabic word 'syajaratun', which means 'tree', and is connected to the concept of a family tree of a royal dynasty. It was later adopted into Malay as 'sejarah' and then into Indonesian as 'sejarah'.

How does the script define 'history' as a discipline?

The script defines 'history' as a discipline that uses specific methods by historians to reconstruct historical events objectively. It emphasizes the importance of writing history as it truly happened, as stated by the German historian Leopold Von Ranke.

What are the three essential elements in history according to the script?

The three essential elements in history are humans, space, and time. Humans are the actors in all historical events, space provides the context for where events occurred, and time encompasses the past, present, and future.

What does the script say about the importance of 'objectivity' in history?

The script states that 'objectivity' in history is crucial as it ensures that historical events are reconstructed and presented truthfully, without bias.

How does the script differentiate between 'chronological thinking' and 'diachronic thinking' in history?

Chronological thinking refers to thinking in a sequential order according to the timeline of events, while diachronic thinking involves examining events across a span of time, emphasizing the continuity and change over time.

What is 'synchronic thinking' in the context of historical study as per the script?

Synchronic thinking in historical study focuses on the broad picture in space and does not overly consider the dimension of time. It involves the discussion of social sciences aspects such as politics, economy, society, and culture.

Why are social sciences important in writing history according to the script?

Social sciences are important in writing history because they have developed rapidly and can provide theories and concepts useful for historical analysis, as explained by Sartono Kartodirdjo.

What are the factors that influence change in human society as mentioned in the script?

The factors that influence change in human society mentioned in the script include internal factors such as population dynamics, new discoveries, conflicts, and revolutions, and external factors such as the physical environment, wars, and foreign cultural influences.

How does the script describe the concept of 'change' and 'continuity' in human life?

The script describes 'change' as a difference in conditions over time, and 'continuity' as the ongoing process of societal development despite changing situations and conditions. It highlights that human life is influenced by space and time and is characterized by ongoing change and continuity.