KERAJAAN HINDU BUDDHA DI INDONESIA Kelas 7 SMP / Maynita Sholihawati, S.Pd.

Summary

This educational video explores the history and significance of several major Indonesian kingdoms during the Hindu-Buddha era. It covers kingdoms such as Kutai, Tarumanegara, Sriwijaya, Singosari, Majapahit, and Mataram Kuno, highlighting their geographical locations, rulers, and contributions to trade, culture, and religion. Key aspects include the impact of Hinduism and Buddhism, maritime trade, and iconic monuments like Borobudur. The video is designed to engage students by encouraging active participation and offering insights into the rich heritage of these ancient kingdoms.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script covers the topic of Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia during the ancient period.
• 😀 The first kingdom discussed is the Kutai Kingdom, the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, located near the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan.
• 😀 The Kutai Kingdom is known for the Yupa inscriptions, which mention King Mulawarman's donations to Brahmanas.
• 😀 The Tarumanegara Kingdom, one of the earliest Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Java, is discussed with a focus on King Purnawarman and several significant inscriptions.
• 😀 The Sriwijaya Kingdom, a maritime power located in South Sumatra, is highlighted for its strategic location and reliance on maritime activities.
• 😀 The Sriwijaya Kingdom's influence extended from Sumatra to the Malay Peninsula and featured key inscriptions both domestically and abroad.
• 😀 The Singosari Kingdom, established by Ken Arok in East Java, is described as a Hindu kingdom with a strong maritime and trading economy under King Kertanegara's reign.
• 😀 The Majapahit Kingdom, known for its vast influence under the leadership of Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, is recognized for its literary contributions, including the famous Negarakertagama and Sutasoma texts.
• 😀 Majapahit's peak influence extended across the archipelago, becoming a precursor to modern Indonesia.
• 😀 The Mataram Kuno Kingdom, located in Central Java, is noted for its development of Buddhism and Hinduism alongside the construction of the Borobudur Temple. The kingdom eventually declined due to volcanic eruptions in the region.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lesson in the video?

The lesson focuses on the different kingdoms during the Hindu-Buddha period in Indonesia, including their history, rulers, and legacies.

Which kingdom is considered the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia?

The Kingdom of Kutai is considered the oldest Hindu kingdom in Indonesia, located near the Mahakam River in East Kalimantan.

What significant historical artifact is associated with the Kingdom of Kutai?

The significant historical artifact associated with the Kingdom of Kutai is the Yupa inscription, which was found in Muara Kaman and tells the story of King Mulawarman's donation of many cattle to Brahmana priests.

Where was the Kingdom of Tarumanegara located, and who was the famous king?

The Kingdom of Tarumanegara was located in West Java, and the famous king was Purnawarman, known for his achievements during his reign.

What are some of the key inscriptions from the Kingdom of Tarumanegara?

Some key inscriptions from the Kingdom of Tarumanegara include Prasasti Ciaruteun, Prasasti Kebon Kopi, Prasasti Tugu, and Prasasti Pasir Awi.

What role did maritime activity play in the success of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya?

The Kingdom of Sriwijaya, being a maritime kingdom, relied heavily on sea-based activities such as fishing and international trade, thanks to its strategic location at the meeting point of the Musi and Ogan rivers.

What geographical area did the Kingdom of Sriwijaya control at its peak?

At its peak, the Kingdom of Sriwijaya controlled areas in Sumatra, Central Java, and the Malay Peninsula, extending its influence over a large part of Southeast Asia.

Who founded the Kingdom of Singosari, and what was its most prosperous period?

The Kingdom of Singosari was founded by Ken Arok and reached its most prosperous period under the reign of King Kertanegara, who expanded trade and strengthened the navy.

What was the significance of the Majapahit Kingdom in Indonesian history?

The Majapahit Kingdom, under the leadership of Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, was significant for unifying the Indonesian archipelago and for its achievements in literature, culture, and governance.

What important cultural contributions did the Majapahit Kingdom make?

The Majapahit Kingdom contributed significant works in literature, such as the 'Negarakertagama' and 'Sutasoma' texts, which are considered masterpieces of ancient Indonesian literature.

What caused the decline of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom?

The decline of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom was primarily caused by volcanic eruptions from Mount Merapi, forcing the kingdom to relocate and ultimately weakening its power.

What historical site is a legacy of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom?

Candi Borobudur, a Buddhist temple, is a key legacy of the Mataram Kuno Kingdom, built during the reign of the Syailendra dynasty.