Kerajaan Bercorak Hindu-Budha Di Indonesia

Summary

This video delves into the history of several major Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms in Indonesia, including the Kingdoms of Kutai, Tarumanegara, Sriwijaya, Mataram, Singosari, Majapahit, Kediri, and Kalingga. The script explores their founding, cultural and religious developments, notable rulers, and the factors contributing to their rise and decline. From the maritime power of Sriwijaya to the territorial expansion of Majapahit, the video highlights Indonesia's rich history of religious syncretism, military conquest, and trade, offering a comprehensive look at how these kingdoms shaped the region.

Takeaways

• 😀 Kutai Kingdom, located in Kalimantan, was one of the earliest Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia, founded by Kudungga and later ruled by Mulawarman, who is known for his large donation of cattle.
• 😀 The downfall of Kutai was due to internal conflicts and the death of the last ruler, which led to the loss of power to rivals like Kutai Kertanegara.
• 😀 Tarumanegara, another early Hindu kingdom, flourished in the 5th century in West Java under King Purnawarman. Several inscriptions provide evidence of its existence and Purnawarman's contributions to agriculture and religion.
• 😀 Sriwijaya, a prominent maritime kingdom located in Sumatra, reached its peak in the 7th century. It was a center of Buddhist culture and trade, evidenced by inscriptions like Talang Tuo and Kedukan Bukit.
• 😀 The decline of Sriwijaya was influenced by river silting, internal conflicts, and external attacks, notably from the Chola Empire and Majapahit.
• 😀 The Kingdom of Mataram, founded in the 8th century, was initially divided into two factions based on Hinduism and Buddhism. This division was later resolved through strategic marriages and reunification under Rakai Pikatan.
• 😀 Singosari Kingdom, established by Ken Arok in the 13th century, had a short but impactful reign, known for its military conquests and the eventual rise of its successor, Majapahit.
• 😀 Kediri Kingdom, notable for King Jayabaya's famous prophecies, faced internal strife, particularly with the Brahmin class, and was ultimately defeated by Ken Arok, leading to the formation of Singosari.
• 😀 Kalingga Kingdom, located in Central Java, was a Buddhist kingdom ruled by Queen Sima. It flourished in the 7th to 9th centuries before being overtaken by Sriwijaya.
• 😀 Majapahit, established by Raden Wijaya in the 14th century, was the last great Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Indonesia, achieving its peak under Hayam Wuruk before declining due to internal conflicts and the rise of Islam in the region.

Q & A

What is the significance of the Yupa inscriptions in the Kingdom of Kutai?

The Yupa inscriptions in the Kingdom of Kutai are significant because they are written in the Pallava script and Sanskrit, documenting the kingdom’s history, including the reign of King Mulawarman, who famously donated 20,000 cows to Brahmins.

What was the primary religion practiced in the Kingdom of Tarumanegara?

The primary religion in the Kingdom of Tarumanegara was Hinduism, although Buddhism also had a presence, as evidenced by the various inscriptions found in the region.

How did the Kingdom of Sriwijaya influence Southeast Asia?

Sriwijaya, as a maritime kingdom, played a crucial role in Southeast Asia by controlling regional trade routes and becoming a center for Mahayana Buddhism, attracting scholars from other parts of Asia.

Why did the Kingdom of Sriwijaya eventually decline?

Sriwijaya declined due to several factors including the shifting of trade routes, internal divisions, natural disasters, and foreign invasions, notably from the Chola dynasty and later, Majapahit.

What led to the division of the Kingdom of Mataram into two kingdoms?

The Kingdom of Mataram was divided due to internal conflicts between the Hindu Sanjaya dynasty and the Buddhist Syailendra dynasty, leading to the creation of two separate kingdoms: Kediri in the south and Jenggala in the north.

Who was the most notable ruler of the Kingdom of Singosari?

The most notable ruler of the Kingdom of Singosari was King Kertanegara, who expanded the kingdom’s territory and launched the Pamalayu Expedition to conquer Sriwijaya.

What event marked the end of the Singosari Kingdom?

The Singosari Kingdom ended with the betrayal and assassination of King Kertanegara by Jayakatwang, marking the rise of Majapahit.

What was the role of Gajah Mada in Majapahit's rise to power?

Gajah Mada was instrumental in Majapahit's rise to power, particularly through his military campaigns and his role in quelling internal rebellions, like the Kuti rebellion, to maintain stability in the kingdom.

How did the spread of Islam contribute to the decline of Majapahit?

The spread of Islam contributed to Majapahit's decline by eroding its political influence and destabilizing its control over territories, along with internal conflicts and the Paregreg War.

What are the cultural legacies of the Kingdom of Kediri?

The cultural legacy of Kediri includes significant literary works, such as the 'Kitab Baratayuda' and 'Kitab Kresnayana', as well as the reign of King Jayabaya, who became famous for his prophecies.