Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) : Angina Pektoris Stabil Tidak Stabil dan Infark Miokard STEMI NSTEMI
Summary
TLDRCoronary heart disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is compromised due to insufficient blood flow to the heart muscles. It can lead to conditions like angina pectoris, causing chest pain, and in severe cases, myocardial infarction or heart attack. CHD is often caused by the buildup of fat deposits (atherosclerosis) in the coronary arteries, which restricts blood flow. Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue. Major risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, hypertension, and lack of physical activity. Preventive measures include regular health checkups, a healthy diet, exercise, and stress management.
Takeaways
- 💓 Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a heart condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscles.
- ⚠️ CHD consists of milder angina pectoris and more severe myocardial infarction (heart attack).
- 🔴 Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by damage to coronary arteries, often due to plaque or fat buildup (atherosclerosis).
- ⚡ CHD leads to ischemia, where the heart muscles don't receive enough oxygen, causing symptoms like chest pain radiating to the left shoulder.
- 🔍 Angina pectoris can be stable (pain during activity) or unstable (pain during rest).
- ⛔ If untreated, fat buildup can lead to severe blockages, resulting in myocardial infarction or a heart attack.
- 🩺 Heart attacks are categorized as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).
- 📉 Common symptoms of CHD include palpitations, chest pain, nausea, shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
- 🧬 CHD risk factors include non-modifiable factors like age, gender, and genetics, and modifiable factors like smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
- 🛡️ Preventing CHD involves regular health checkups, avoiding smoking, engaging in physical activity, eating a healthy diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.
Q & A
What is Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)?
-Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a condition where the heart's function is impaired due to insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle. It results from narrowed or blocked coronary arteries, often caused by fat buildup on artery walls, a process known as atherosclerosis.
What are the two forms of angina associated with CHD?
-The two forms of angina associated with CHD are stable angina, where chest pain occurs during physical activity, and unstable angina, where pain can occur both during activity and at rest.
What causes the pain in angina pectoris?
-Pain in angina pectoris is caused by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, which reduces blood flow to the heart muscle (ischemia). This lack of oxygen triggers pain, usually in the chest and can radiate to the left shoulder.
What is the difference between ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)?
-STEMI is a more severe form of heart attack where there is a significant blockage of the coronary arteries, indicated by an elevation in the ST segment on an electrocardiogram (ECG). NSTEMI, while still serious, does not show this ST-segment elevation but can still cause significant heart damage.
What are some common symptoms of coronary heart disease?
-Common symptoms include chest pain (angina), palpitations, nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweats, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches.
What are the modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?
-Modifiable risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol (dyslipidemia), hypertension, diabetes, lack of physical activity, being overweight, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
What are the non-modifiable risk factors for coronary heart disease?
-Non-modifiable risk factors include age, male gender, family history of heart disease, and genetic predisposition.
How can coronary heart disease be prevented?
-Prevention strategies include regular health check-ups, avoiding smoking, maintaining regular physical activity, eating a healthy and balanced diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress.
What is atherosclerosis, and how does it relate to coronary heart disease?
-Atherosclerosis is the gradual buildup of fat (plaque) on the walls of arteries, leading to their narrowing. This process restricts blood flow to the heart and is a major cause of coronary heart disease.
Why is coronary heart disease a significant health concern in Indonesia?
-In Indonesia, coronary heart disease is the second leading cause of death, following stroke. The high prevalence of risk factors such as smoking, unhealthy diet, and lack of physical activity contributes to its significance.
Outlines
💔 Understanding Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Coronary heart disease (CHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition where the heart’s muscle is compromised due to insufficient blood flow. It can manifest as angina pectoris, a mild form, or a more severe condition called myocardial infarction (heart attack). The disease occurs due to blockages in the coronary arteries, often caused by the buildup of fatty deposits, also known as atherosclerosis. Over time, the narrowing of arteries can lead to reduced oxygen supply to the heart muscle, resulting in ischemia and symptoms like chest pain radiating to the left shoulder, a condition commonly referred to as angina pectoris.
⚖️ Types of Angina Pectoris
Angina pectoris can be classified into stable and unstable types. Stable angina is triggered by physical activity and is somewhat predictable, while unstable angina can occur during rest and indicates a more dangerous blockage in the arteries. If the fat buildup continues to block the coronary arteries, it can cause severe oxygen deprivation to the heart muscle, leading to the death of heart tissue. This extreme condition is known as myocardial infarction, or heart attack. The condition can be further categorized into ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), both of which require further diagnostic tests like ECG and blood enzyme levels.
🚨 Symptoms and Risk Factors of CHD
Coronary heart disease presents several symptoms including palpitations, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, cold sweats, fatigue, dizziness, and headaches. In Indonesia, CHD is the second leading cause of death after stroke. The risk factors for CHD can be grouped into those that are non-modifiable, such as age, gender (with men being more at risk), and heredity, and those that are modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, physical inactivity, obesity, unhealthy diet, stress, and excessive alcohol consumption.
🛡️ Prevention and Recommendations for a Healthy Heart
To prevent coronary heart disease, the Indonesian Ministry of Health recommends regular health checkups, avoiding exposure to cigarette smoke, engaging in regular physical activity, maintaining a balanced and healthy diet, getting enough rest, and managing stress. While heart disease may not always be preventable, individuals hold the responsibility of taking proactive steps to protect their heart health.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK)
💡Angina Pectoris
💡Iskemik
💡Infark Miokard
💡Aterosklerosis
💡Arteri Koronaria
💡ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (STEMI)
💡Non-ST Elevasi Miokard Infark (NSTEMI)
💡Faktor Risiko yang Tidak Dapat Dimodifikasi
💡Faktor Risiko yang Dapat Dimodifikasi
Highlights
Hai penyakit jantung koroner atau PJK adalah gangguan fungsi jantung akibat otot jantung
Kekurangan darah B jika terdiri atas angina pectoris yang lebih ringan dan Yoga infaq yang lebih parah
Rasa nyeri yang terjadi akibat kerusakan Arteri koronaria yang memperdarahi jantung
Kerusakan ini menyebabkan Arteri koronaria menyempit atau tersumbat
Kerusakan yang terjadi bisa berupa plak sobekan pembuluh darah bekuan, darah atau yang paling sering karena timbunan lemak pada dinding Pembuluh darah yang disebut aterosklerosis
Proses penyempitan ini bertahap dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama karena adanya penyempitan Arteri koronaria sel otot jantung tidak lagi mendapatkan suplai darah yang cukup atau disebut iskemik
Ischemik ini sering menimbulkan gejala berupa nyeri dada kiri yang menjalar ke bahu kiri
Gejala ini biasa disebut angin duduk atau angina pectoris
Hai angina pectoris dapat dibagi menjadi angina pektoris stabil dan angina pektoris tidak stabil
Angina pektoris terus berlanjut dapat terjadi sumbatan sehingga sel otot jantung sangat kekurangan oksigen dan akhirnya mati
Kondisi yang lebih parah ini disebut infark miokard atau serangan jantung
Infark myocard bisa dibedakan menjadi ST elevasi myocard infark atau TNI dan non ST elevasi miokard infark atau non STEMI
Untuk membedakan diagnosis keduanya perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan penunjang EKG dan pemeriksaan lab enzim jantung
Gejala yang bisa ditimbulkan penyakit jantung koroner antara lain berdebar-debar, nyeri dada, mual dan muntah, sesak nafas, keringat dingin, letih, pusing dan sakit kepala
Penyakit jantung koroner menjadi penyebab kematian tertinggi kedua setelah penyakit stroke di Indonesia
Faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner terdiri atas faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi dan dapat dimodifikasi
Faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi meliputi merokok, dislipidemia, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, kurang aktivitas fisik, berat badan berlebih, diet tidak sehat, stres, dan konsumsi alkohol berlebih
Kementerian Kesehatan menyarankan untuk selalu cantik yaitu kesehatan secara berkala, enyahkan asap rokok, rajin aktivitas fisik, diet sehat dan seimbang, istirahat cukup, dan kelola Stres
Jantung ini memang tidak selamanya berdetak, tapi kita sebagai manusia semuanya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menjaga kesehatannya
Transcripts
Hai penyakit jantung koroner atau PJK adalah gangguan fungsi jantung akibat otot jantung
kekurangan darah B jika terdiri atas angina pectoris yang lebih ringan dan Yoga infaq
yang lebih parah menginap pectoris yaitu rasa nyeri yang terjadi akibat kerusakan
Arteri koronaria yang memperdarahi jantung kerusakan ini menyebabkan Arteri koronaria
menyempit atau tersumbat kerusakan yang terjadi bisa berupa plak sobekan pembuluh darah bekuan
darah atau yang paling sering karena timbunan lemak pada dinding Pembuluh darah yang disebut
aterosklerosis proses penyempitan ini bertahap dan membutuhkan waktu yang lama karena adanya
penyempitan Arteri koronaria sel otot jantung tidak lagi mendapatkan suplai darah yang cukup
atau disebut iskemik iskemik ini sering menimbulkan gejala berupa nyeri dada kiri
yang menjalar ke bahu kiri gejala ini biasa disebut angin duduk atau angina pectoris
Hai angina pectoris dapat dibagi menjadi angina pektoris stabil dimana nyeri dirasakan saat
beraktivitas dan angina pektoris tidak stabil dimana nyeri dirasakan baik saat aktivitas
maupun istirahat saat penimbunan lemak pada angina pectoris terus berlanjut dapat terjadi sumbatan
sehingga sel otot jantung sangat kekurangan oksigen dan akhirnya mati kondisi yang lebih
parah ini disebut infark miokard atau serangan jantung yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba infark
myocard bisa dibedakan menjadi ST elevasi miocard infark atau TNI dan non ST elevasi
miokard infark atau non stemi untuk membedakan diagnosis keduanya perlu dilakukan pemeriksaan
penunjang Eka g&p pemeriksaan.lab enzim jantung gejala yang bisa ditimbulkan penyakit jantung
koroner ini antara lain berdebar-debar nyeri dada mual dan muntah sesak nafas keringat dingin letih
pusing dan sakit kepala di Indonesia sendiri penyakit jantung koroner menjadi penyebab
kematian tertinggi kedua setelah penyakit stroke faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner terdiri
atas faktor risiko yang tidak dapat dimodifikasi dan dapat dimodifikasi faktor risiko yang tidak
dapat dimodifikasi meliputi umur jenis kelamin laki-laki dan keturunan maupun racun sedangkan
faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi mengikuti merokok dislipidemia hipertensi diabetes melitus
kurang aktivitas fisik berat badan berlebih dia tidak sehat stres dan konsumsi alkohol berlebih
untuk mencegah penyakit jantung koroner ini Kementerian Kesehatan menyarankan untuk selalu
cantik yaitu kesehatan secara berkala enyahkan asap rokok rajin aktivitas fisik diet sehat dan
seimbang istirahat cukup dan kelola Stres saya jantung ini memang tidak selamanya berdetak
tapi kita sebagai manusia semuanya memiliki tanggung jawab untuk menjaga kesehatannya [Musik]
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