Chapter 1 practice questions for Anatomy & Physiology

Summary

This video script offers a comprehensive review of 'Anatomy and Physiology' with 62 practice questions covering true/false and multiple-choice formats. It clarifies that anatomy studies body structure, while physiology examines function. The script delves into homeostatic mechanisms, the chemical basis of life, and the hierarchical organization of the human body, from atoms to organ systems. It also covers metabolism, genetic information in DNA and RNA, and the scientific method, concluding with a focus on the body's systems and their roles in maintaining life.

Takeaways

• 🧬 Anatomy focuses on the body's structure, while physiology deals with body functions or how the body works.
• 🌐 The simplest level of biological organization is the chemical level, which includes atoms and molecules.
• 🔬 Stress activates homeostatic mechanisms that work to maintain the body's steady state.
• 🍽 Organic compounds in the human body include carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins.
• 🏋️‍♂️ Proteins are complex organic compounds made up of amino acids.
• 🌀 Ions are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms.
• 🔄 The correct order of biological organization levels is: atom, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.
• 🌿 The human body consists of 11 main organ systems that work together to maintain life.
• 🏃‍♂️ The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the human body.
• 🔄 Homeostatic mechanisms are self-regulating control systems that maintain an appropriate internal body environment.

Q & A

What is the difference between Anatomy and Physiology?

Anatomy is the science of body structure, while Physiology is the science of body function or how the body works.

What is the simplest level of organization in the human body?

The simplest level of organization is the chemical level, consisting of atoms and molecules.

What activates homeostatic mechanisms to return the body to its steady state?

Stress activates homeostatic mechanisms that work to maintain the body's steady state.

Which of the following is not an organic compound in the human body?

All the options listed - carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins - are organic compounds in the human body.

What are complex organic compounds composed of chemically linked amino acid subunits called?

These complex organic compounds are called proteins.

What are electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms known as?

Electrically charged atoms or groups of atoms are known as ions.

How many main organ systems does the human organism have that work together to maintain life?

The human organism is made up of approximately 11 main organ systems.

What is the largest organ system in the human body?

The integumentary system, which includes the skin, is the largest organ system in the human body.

What is the term for self-regulating control systems that maintain an appropriate internal body environment?

These self-regulating control systems are known as homeostatic mechanisms.

What type of nucleic acid contains genetic information coded in specific sequences of its component nucleotides?

DNA, or Deoxyribonucleic Acid, contains genetic information in specific sequences of its component nucleotides.

What is the building or synthetic phase of metabolism known as?

The building or synthetic phase of metabolism is known as anabolism.

What is the term for the science that studies body function, or how the body works?

The science that studies body function is known as Physiology.

What is the term for a group of closely associated cells that work together to perform specific functions?

A group of closely associated cells that work together is called a tissue.

What is the term for the smallest amount of a chemical element that has the characteristic properties of that element?

The smallest amount of a chemical element with its characteristic properties is called an atom.

What are the two structures that characterize humans as vertebrates?

The two structures that characterize humans as vertebrates are the cranium (brain case) and the vertebral column (backbone).

What is the term for the organ system that helps fight pathogens?

The organ systems that help fight pathogens are the lymphatic system and the immune system.

What is the term for the breaking down phase of metabolism that provides energy for life activities?

The breaking down phase of metabolism that provides energy is called catabolism.

What is the term for the region of the lower back and the side between the lowest rib and the pelvis?

This region is known as the lumbar region.

What is the term for the ventral cavity subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdominal pelvic cavity?

The ventral cavity is subdivided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominal pelvic cavity.

What is the term for tissues organized into structures such as the brain, stomach, or heart?

Tissues organized into such structures are called organs.

What is the term for the position of the body when standing erect with eyes looking forward and palms and toes directed forward?

This position is referred to as the anatomical position.

What is the term for structures located toward the surface of the body, such as blood vessels in the skin?

Structures located toward the surface of the body are considered superficial.