FOLKLORE Asal usul Masyarakat Tengger dan Upacara Kasada

Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia

20 Sept 202006:50

Summary

TLDRThe script narrates a legendary tale from the Tengger community in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, detailing their cultural practices and religious rituals. It begins with the story of Dewi Putri and her brother Roro Anteng, descendants of the Majapahit nobility, who fled to the mountains to escape chaos. Dewi Putri, under duress, marries a powerful man, Kyai, and gives birth to 25 children. The community believes they are descendants of these siblings. The tale culminates with the sacrifice of Raden Kusuma, the 25th child, to fulfill a promise to God, which leads to the annual Kasada ceremony. This ritual reflects the Tengger people's gratitude and belief in the divine, symbolizing a reciprocal relationship with the divine through offerings to Mount Bromo's crater.

Takeaways

📜 The script is a version of a well-known tale among the people of Ngadas, Malang, East Java, derived from Joko Tri Haryanto's writing in the Smart Journal.
🏔 The story connects the origins of Nyi Roro Kidul and Joko Seger and is deeply rooted in the cultural practices and religious rituals of the Tengger community.
👑 The narrative begins with Dewi Murti and her brother Roro Anteng, who are nobles from the Majapahit kingdom, fleeing to the mountains due to chaos in their realm.
🧙‍♂️ Dewi Putri is proposed to by a powerful old man named Kyai Dewo Dewo, but she sets challenging conditions for the marriage proposal.
🌊 One of Dewi Putri's conditions is to create a sea of sand from the battle field, which is miraculously accomplished, leading to the defeat of Kyai Dewo Dewo.
🐓 The story includes a dramatic moment where Dewi Putri tricks Kyai Dewo Dewo by imitating a rooster's crow, thus escaping his advances.
🙏 After a period of penance, Dewi Putri, now known as Dewi Muslim, is granted children by Kiai Haji, but on the condition that the last child must be sacrificed to Mount Bromo.
👶 Dewi Putri gives birth to 25 children, and the last, Raden Kusuma, is eventually sacrificed to fulfill the promise made to the gods.
🔥 The sacrifice of Raden Kusuma is a pivotal moment, as his voice emerges from the crater of Mount Bromo, requesting annual offerings during the Kasada full moon.
🌕 The Kasada ceremony, held on the 14th day of the Kasada month, symbolizes the Tengger people's dependence on God and their gratitude for his blessings, as they offer their best to the divine in return for prosperity.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Tengger community's belief system as described in the script?
-The Tengger community's belief system is rooted in a legend that connects the origins of Nyi Roro Anteng and Joko Seger, with the Tengger people considering themselves descendants of the Majapahit refugees.
What is the significance of the 'Kasada' ceremony in Tengger culture?
-The Kasada ceremony is a significant event in Tengger culture, commemorating the sacrifice of Raden Kusuma, and is held annually on the 14th of the Kasada month. It symbolizes the community's gratitude and offering to the gods for their blessings.
What role does the character Hai play in the story?
-Hai is a character who appears in the script as a senior figure, possibly a spiritual leader or ancestor, who is believed to have helped Dewi Putri during her trials and tribulations.
Why did Dewi Putri and her brother Roro Anteng flee to the mountain slopes?
-Dewi Putri and her brother Roro Anteng fled to the mountain slopes to escape the chaos that occurred in their kingdom, Majapahit.
What was the condition set by Dewi Putri when she was proposed to by Kyai Dewo?
-Dewi Putri agreed to the proposal on the condition that the sea of sand from the battle site be created, which was a miraculous request that was fulfilled.
How did Dewi Putri manage to escape from the threat of Kyai Dewo?
-Dewi Putri managed to escape from Kyai Dewo's threat by using a ruse involving a coconut shell that emitted the sound of a rooster crowing, which led to the cancellation of the marriage proposal.
What was the promise made by Dewi Putri to Kyai Haji in exchange for his help?
-Dewi Putri promised to dedicate her last child to the crater of Mount Bromo as a form of gratitude for the help she received from Kyai Haji.
Who was the 25th child born to Dewi Putri, and what was their significance?
-The 25th child born to Dewi Putri was Raden Kusuma, who was significant as he was the one to fulfill the promise made to the gods by sacrificing himself into the crater of Mount Bromo.
What is the relationship between the Tengger community and Mount Bromo?
-The Tengger community has a deep spiritual connection with Mount Bromo, as it is the site of the sacrifice of Raden Kusuma and the place where they make offerings to the gods during the Kasada ceremony.
What does the story of Raden Kusuma's sacrifice teach the Tengger community about the relationship between humans and the divine?
-The story of Raden Kusuma's sacrifice teaches the Tengger community about the importance of gratitude and the need to reciprocate the blessings received from the gods by making offerings and sacrifices.
How does the Tengger community express their gratitude and devotion to the gods?
-The Tengger community expresses their gratitude and devotion by performing the Kasada ceremony, making offerings to the gods, and acknowledging their dependence on divine providence in their lives.

Outlines

00:00

📜 Legend of the Tengger People and the Ritual of Kasada

This paragraph narrates the origin of the Tengger people from Malang, East Java, Indonesia, as descendants of Majapahit refugees. It recounts the legend connecting Nyi Roro Anteng and Joko Seger, who fled to the mountain slopes due to kingdom chaos. The narrative includes a tale of Dewi Putri, who was proposed to by a powerful elder, Kyai Dewo Dewa Cream. To avoid the proposal, Dewi Putri set challenging conditions involving the creation of a sea of sand from the battlefield. The story unfolds with a miraculous event where Dewi Putri escapes an unwanted marriage by the intervention of a magical coconut shell. The legend culminates in the establishment of the Kasada ritual, a ceremony performed by the Tengger community to honor their ancestors and seek blessings, involving the sacrifice of Raden Kusuma into the Bromo volcano and the annual offering to the volcano as a form of gratitude.

05:02

🙏 The Significance of Sacrifice and Offering in Tengger Culture

The second paragraph delves into the cultural practices of the Tengger people, emphasizing their deep sense of gratitude and dependency on divine forces. It highlights the story of Raden Kusuma's sacrifice as a form of 'gentenan' or exchange with the divine, in response to the wish of Dewi Muhrim and Roro Anteng Joko Seger for offspring. The community's belief in the necessity to reciprocate divine blessings is underscored by the annual Kasada ritual, where they offer their best agricultural produce as a form of thanksgiving to the gods. This tradition signifies a continuous cycle of exchange between the Tengger people and their deities, symbolizing their commitment to maintain a harmonious relationship with the spiritual realm and their environment.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Tengger

The Tengger people are an ethnic group in Indonesia, particularly known for their unique traditions and beliefs. In the video, they are central to the narrative as it discusses their origin story and cultural practices. The Tengger community is depicted as having a deep connection to their ancestral roots and the legend of Nyi Roro Kidul, which is a significant part of their identity.

💡Nyi Roro Kidul

Nyi Roro Kidul, also known as Dewi Nutri, is a legendary figure in Javanese folklore and is considered the Queen of the Southern Sea. In the script, she is portrayed as a noblewoman from the Majapahit kingdom who flees due to chaos in her realm. Her story is integral to the Tengger people's belief system and is connected to their religious practices and rituals.

💡Majapahit

Majapahit is a historical Javanese kingdom that existed in the 14th to 16th centuries. It is mentioned in the script as the origin of the Tengger people's ancestors, Dewi Putri and her brother, Roro Anteng, who fled the kingdom due to turmoil. The Majapahit kingdom's legacy is significant in shaping the cultural identity and oral traditions of the Tengger community.

💡Kyai Haji

Kyai Haji, also known as Kyai Dewo Dewo, is a character in the script who is portrayed as a powerful elder who proposes to Dewi Putri. His role is pivotal in the narrative as his proposal leads to a series of events that shape the Tengger people's religious beliefs and rituals. The term 'Kyai' is also used to refer to Islamic scholars or teachers in Indonesia.

💡Pasir Putih

Pasir Putih, or White Sand, is mentioned in the script as the location where Dewi Putri was asked to create a sea of sand from the battlefield as one of her conditions for accepting the marriage proposal. This place is significant as it is associated with the legend and the spiritual journey of the Tengger people.

💡Raden Kusuma

Raden Kusuma is the 25th child of Dewi Putri, who is destined to be sacrificed to fulfill a promise made to the deity. In the script, his sacrifice is a symbol of devotion and the fulfillment of a vow, which is a central theme in the Tengger people's religious practices.

💡Gunung Bromo

Gunung Bromo, or Mount Bromo, is an active volcano in East Java and is a sacred site for the Tengger people. In the script, it is the location where Raden Kusuma is sacrificed, and it continues to be the site for the annual Kasada ceremony, which is a significant religious event for the Tengger community.

💡Kasada

Kasada is an annual festival celebrated by the Tengger people on the 14th day of the Kasada month. It is a ritual offering to the deity, symbolizing gratitude and the act of giving back to the divine for the blessings received. The script describes it as a tradition that reinforces the Tengger people's dependence on the divine in their lives.

💡Pengorbanan

Pengorbanan, or sacrifice, is a recurring theme in the script, representing the act of giving up something valuable for a higher purpose. The sacrifice of Raden Kusuma is a prime example, demonstrating the Tengger people's belief in the importance of offering their best to the deity in return for blessings.

💡Tradisi

Tradisi, or tradition, is a key concept in the script that highlights the importance of cultural practices and rituals in the Tengger community. The traditions, such as the Kasada ceremony and the story of the Tengger people's origin, are deeply rooted in their beliefs and are passed down through generations.

💡Gentenan

Gentenan, in the context of the script, refers to the act of exchanging or giving something in return for a blessing or favor. It is a practice that demonstrates the reciprocal relationship between the Tengger people and the divine, where offerings are made to show gratitude and maintain a harmonious connection with the spiritual world.

Highlights

The transcript discusses a lesser-known version of the Tengger community's folklore in Malang, East Java.

The story is from Joko Tri Haryanto's writing in the Smart Journal, focusing on religious society and tradition.

The Tengger community believes they are descendants of the Majapahit royal family who fled to the mountains.

The folklore connects the origins of Nyi Roro Kidul and Joko Seger, with several versions existing among the Tengger people.

The Tengger people's cultural practices and religious rituals reflect their belief in these stories.

The tale begins with Dewi Murti and her brother Roro Anteng, nobles of the Majapahit kingdom.

Dewi Putri and her brother sought refuge in the mountains due to turmoil in their kingdom.

Dewi Putri is proposed to by a powerful elder, Kyai Dewo Dewo, but she is reluctant.

To avoid unwanted advances, Dewi Putri sets challenging conditions for the marriage proposal.

She demands the creation of a sea of sand from the battlefield's stone, which is nearly impossible.

The story includes a dramatic turn where Dewi Putri tricks Kyai Dewo Dewo using a coconut shell and a rooster's crow.

Dewi Putri eventually marries Kyai Haji, and they have 25 children, with the last child being Raden Kusuma.

Raden Kusuma is sacrificed to fulfill a promise to God, as per the tradition of the Tengger community.

The sacrifice of Raden Kusuma is seen as a form of gratitude and a way to maintain a balance with the divine.

The Tengger community celebrates the Kasada festival annually on the 14th of Kasadha in honor of this event.

The festival highlights the dependency of humans on God and the need to give back for the blessings received.

The story illustrates the concept of sacrifice and the reciprocal relationship between the Tengger people and their deities.

The community's rituals and offerings to Mount Bromo represent their gratitude for the land's bounty.