IMPRESSIONISM Explained
Summary
TLDRThis script explores the evolution of 19th century French art, from the dominance of the French Academy to the rise of Romanticism and Realism. Gustave Courbet's influence on Claude Monet is highlighted, leading to the birth of Impressionism, characterized by capturing light and movement. The movement, initially criticized, embraced the name after Monet's 'Impression, Sunrise' was derided. Despite internal conflicts, Impressionism profoundly influenced art and culture, paving the way for modernism and leaving an enduring legacy.
Takeaways
- 🏛️ The French Academy of Fine Arts in the 19th century controlled artistic expression, favoring traditional and historical depictions and idolizing artists like Jacques-Louis David.
- 🌟 The Romanticism movement emerged as an alternative, celebrating individualism, nationalism, and a hopeful future, despite the challenges of the industrial era.
- 👨🎨 Gustave Courbet was a key figure in the rise of Realism in France, influencing future artists like Claude Monet.
- 🎨 Impressionism, as a movement, was characterized by a departure from idealized scenes to capturing the everyday world, with a focus on light and quick brushstrokes.
- 🌅 Claude Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise' gave the Impressionist movement its name, initially used as a criticism but later embraced by the artists.
- 🤝 The Impressionist movement was initially a group of about nine painters, including Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, who bonded over their shared artistic vision.
- 📰 The movement gained notoriety and a sense of identity after being criticized by a journalist, who deemed their work as mere impressions and not true art.
- 🔍 Impressionists often painted en plein air to capture the transient effects of light and atmosphere, a practice that was revolutionary at the time.
- 💔 The Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of Napoleon III's empire had a significant impact on the Impressionist movement, including the loss of key figures like Frederic Bazille.
- 💔 Internal disagreements over artistic direction and participation in traditional salons led to the fragmentation of the Impressionist group.
- 🌈 Post-Impressionism emerged after Impressionism, featuring artists like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin, who further pushed the boundaries of art.
- 🎼 The influence of Impressionism extended beyond painting, affecting other art forms such as literature and music, exemplified by the works of James Joyce and Claude Debussy.
Q & A
What was the primary role of the French Academy of Fine Arts in 19th century France?
-The French Academy of Fine Arts controlled all expression through painting, appreciating traditional Renaissance-inspired depictions of historical and religious figures, and idolizing painters like Jacques-Louis David, while shunning others.
What movement grew in popularity as an alternative to the French Academy's control?
-The movement known as Romanticism grew in popularity, focusing on individualism, nationalistic prosperity, and optimistic concepts.
How did the optimism of Romanticism change during the industrial era?
-As large-scale conflict became more prevalent during the industrial era and the boundaries of science were pushed, many painters shifted from depicting an idealized world to focusing on the common man and everyday life.
Who was the main voice behind the new realism movement in France?
-Gustave Courbet was the main voice behind the new realism movement in France, influencing other artists like Claude Monet.
What was the significance of Claude Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise'?
-Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise' was criticized as being just an impression or a quick sketch, not true art. This criticism led to the naming of the Impressionist movement.
What was the Impressionist movement's approach to painting compared to traditional art?
-The Impressionist movement aimed to capture the unique interplay of light in a scene rather than painting realistically, often depicting nature or ordinary people with quick brushstrokes painted outdoors.
Who were the two artists that pioneered the Impressionist method with their first exhibition in 1874?
-Claude Monet and Pierre Renoir pioneered the Impressionist method with their first exhibition in 1874.
What was the 'Salon of Rejects' and why was it established?
-The 'Salon of Rejects' was established by Napoleon III in the early 1860s to display art that was rejected by the traditional salon, which often denied the works of early Impressionists.
What led to the fragmentation of the Impressionist movement?
-The fragmentation of the Impressionist movement was caused by disagreements among the artists, such as whether to allow Georges Seurat to join them or to lift their ban on submitting work to the traditional salon.
Which art movement followed the demise of Impressionism and who were some of its leaders?
-Post-Impressionism followed the demise of Impressionism, led by artists like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.
How did Impressionism influence other forms of art and literature?
-The influence of Impressionism can be seen in the stream of consciousness writings of authors like James Joyce and the swirling compositions of composer Claude Debussy.
Outlines
🎨 The Birth of Impressionism
This paragraph discusses the control of artistic expression in 19th century France by the French Academy of Fine Arts, which favored traditional and historical depictions. It contrasts this with the rise of Romanticism and the shift towards realism during the industrial era. Gustave Courbet is highlighted as a key figure in this new movement, influencing Claude Monet and others who would later form the Impressionist movement. The paragraph also touches on the initial public and critical reception of Impressionism, which was initially met with skepticism and was dubbed as such after Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise.'
🌅 The Evolution and Division of Impressionism
This section delves into the evolution of Impressionism, detailing the internal conflicts and divisions within the movement. It mentions the Salon of Rejects, initiated by Napoleon III, which served as a platform for artists whose work was rejected by the traditional salon. The paragraph also covers the impact of the Franco-Prussian War and the eventual fragmentation of the Impressionist group over issues such as the inclusion of Georges Seurat and the submission of works to the traditional salon. Notable artists like Paul Cezanne, Pierre Renoir, and Edgar Degas are mentioned in relation to their departure from the movement.
🌈 The Legacy and Influence of Impressionism
The final paragraph focuses on the lasting impact of Impressionism, highlighting its influence on various art forms beyond painting. It discusses the movement's emphasis on capturing light and the fleeting moments of reality, often painted en plein air. The paragraph acknowledges the contributions of female artists like Berthe Morisot and positions Impressionism as a precursor to modernism. It also touches on the broader cultural impact of Impressionism, including its influence on literature and music, before concluding with a reflection on the enduring significance of the movement's artists and their work.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡French Academy of Fine Arts
💡Romanticism
💡Realism
💡Impressionism
💡Claude Monet
💡Pierre-Auguste Renoir
💡Innovation
💡Post-Impressionism
💡Modernism
💡En Plein Air
💡James McNeill Whistler
Highlights
In 19th century France, the French Academy of Fine Arts controlled painting expression, favoring traditional Renaissance style depictions of historical and religious figures.
The Romanticism movement grew in popularity, focusing on individualism, nationalistic prosperity, and optimistic visions of the future.
As industrialization and war progressed, painters shifted focus from idealized worlds to everyday life, depicting the common man.
Gustave Courbet was a key figure in French realism, influencing future artists like Claude Monet.
Claude Monet and Pierre Renoir pioneered a new art method, exhibiting with 30 artists in 1874, which was poorly received by critics.
Monet's painting 'Impression, Sunrise' led to the naming of the Impressionist movement, embracing the criticism as a badge of honor.
The Impressionist group, initially around nine painters, continued to shock France with increasingly experimental art.
Monet is considered the defining figure of Impressionism, despite his initial reluctance to be seen as the leader.
The Salon des Refusés, initiated by Napoleon III, displayed art rejected by the traditional salon, uniting early Impressionists.
The Franco-Prussian War and the collapse of Napoleon III's empire impacted the Salon des Refusés and the early Impressionist movement.
Disagreements over artistic direction led to fractures within the Impressionist group, with artists like Georges Seurat and Paul Cézanne eventually parting ways.
Post-Impressionism emerged after Impressionism's decline, led by artists like Vincent van Gogh and Paul Gauguin.
Impressionist paintings aimed to capture the unique interplay of light in scenes, often depicting nature or ordinary people.
Impressionist artists often painted en plein air to capture the truth of the world in quick, expressive brushstrokes.
While known for its non-realistic approach, some Impressionist works still maintained elements of realism.
Notable Impressionist artists, including three women, are remembered for their masterful and innovative contributions to art.
The influence of Impressionism extended beyond painting, impacting literature and music, such as the works of James Joyce and Claude Debussy.
Impressionism represented a major step in art before the advent of modernism, with its beauty and serenity leaving a lasting impact on human culture.
Transcripts
[Music]
in 19th century France all expression
through painting was controlled by the
French Academy of Fine Arts appreciating
depictions and traditional Renaissance
inspired detail of historical and
religious figures they idolized painters
such as Jacque lui Davi an 18th century
neoclassic artist while shunning others
the movement known as Romanticism grew
in popularity throughout the arts
focusing on the optimistic concepts of
the individual singular power as well as
celebrations of nationalistic prosperity
and hopes for a brighter future
but this optimism would dwindle as
large-scale conflict became more
prevalent during the industrial era and
boundaries of science were continually
pushed many painters shifted from
depicting an idealized world to that
which they saw everyday focusing on the
common man instead of history or God the
main voice behind this new realism and
France was Gustave Courbet a man whose
ideas influenced Claude Monet a painter
who wanted to push art's limits even
farther taking inspiration also from the
romanticist painter JMW Turner who
depicted bright swirling colors another
inspiration was the often shunned
Edouard Manet who was rejected by the
art world for his scandalous subject
matter Claude Monet and his friend the
artist Pierre Renoir pioneered a new
method of art with their first
exhibition in 1874 of 30 artists being
received poorly a journalist wrote that
Monet's painting impression sunrise was
just that an impression a quick sketch
one makes before the actual work not
true art the displayed artist took this
criticism with pride however adapting
the insult into their movements named
the improv
made up mainly of around nine painters
their art continued to shock France into
the next decades while growing
increasingly experimental while they
viewed the unwilling Monet as their
leader
it is Monet who has come to define
Impressionism for us today the American
James Whistler along with Monet's
rejections from the salon led to the
salon of rejects begun by Napoleon the
third in the early 1860s to display the
denied art but with the franco-prussian
war his empire soon collapsed the salon
of rejects United the early
Impressionists but the young Frederick
bozhil was tragically killed in the
horrific war and as the years dragged on
the artists began to fracture over such
questions as if they should allow
Georges Seurat the creator of
pointillism to join them or if they
should lift their ban on submitting work
to the traditional salon which rejected
them in the past Paul Cezanne was the
first to leave soon followed by Renoir
Degas and others as Impressionism the
revolutionary art movement soon fell
apart however soon after its demise
post-impressionism led by Suzanne soon
began with Minds like Vincent van Gogh
and Paul Gauguin but I will address them
another time post-impressionism led into
the modernism clothes to follow
in impressionist paintings the goal is
not to paint realistically but instead
to capture the unique playing of light
in the scene kinetic lamps depicting
images of nature or the ordinary person
the movement related heavily to the
interests of the many while the artists
often created the paintings in real time
outdoors to capture the truth of the
world in quick brushstrokes
this does not mean that all
Impressionism was not in the vein of
realism however as is evident by many
Impressionists works the major figures
within the movement have gone down in
history as masterful artists including
three women with bird Moroso being
considered one of the most subversive
and experimental artists in her day the
influence of Impressionism can be seen
outside of painting as well such as a
stream of consciousness writings of
James choice or the swirling
compositions of claude debussy the last
major step of art before modernism the
beauty and serenity conveyed by these
incredible minds will never be washed
away from humanity's sight
[Music]
you
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