Sejarah Perkembangan TEORI MANAJEMEN

Summary

This video explores the history and development of management theories, highlighting the significance of management in all fields. It discusses the classical, neoclassical, and modern schools of management, featuring key figures like Adam Smith, Frederick Winslow Taylor, and Abraham Maslow, and their contributions to the field.

Takeaways

• 😀 Management is a practice that has been present in all fields, at all times, and is often done without our awareness.
• 🏛️ The construction of ancient structures like the pyramids in Egypt and Borobudur in Indonesia demonstrates the existence of management practices in the past, emphasizing the importance of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
• 📚 The development of management theory has been rapid, with three main schools of thought identified: classical, neoclassical, and modern management.
• 🔬 The classical school of management is divided into scientific management and classical organizational theory, with early pioneers like Adam Smith advocating for the division of labor to increase productivity.
• 🏭 The Industrial Revolution in England was a significant event that led to the development of management science, as managers needed theories to predict demand and manage resources efficiently.
• 👨‍🏫 Pioneers like Robert Owen, Charles Babbage, Frederick Winslow Taylor, and Henry Gantt contributed to the field of scientific management, focusing on the efficient use of machinery and labor.
• 👥 The neoclassical school of management incorporated sociological and psychological perspectives, with figures like Elton Mayo conducting experiments that showed financial incentives and social interactions could improve productivity.
• 🌟 Modern management theory has evolved through two veins: the development of human relations known as organizational behavior and the continuation of scientific management known as operations research.
• 🧩 Key contributors to modern management theory include Abraham Maslow, who proposed a hierarchy of needs, and Frederick Herzberg, who developed the two-factor theory of motivation.
• 🤝 The modern management approach emphasizes the need for a motivational approach that fosters employee commitment to organizational goals, highlighting the importance of a systematic and careful approach to management.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the video script?

The main topic of the video script is the history and development of management theories.

What are the three main schools of management thought mentioned in the script?

The three main schools of management thought mentioned are the Classical School, the Neoclassical School, and the Modern School of Management.

What is the significance of the Industrial Revolution in the context of management theory development?

The Industrial Revolution is significant as it was a catalyst for the development of management theories, particularly within the Classical School, due to the need for efficient production and workforce management.

Who is considered the father of scientific management and what are his four principles?

Frederick Winslow Taylor is considered the father of scientific management. His four principles are: 1) Replace the rule-of-thumb system with scientific methods, 2) Scientifically select the work to be done, 3) Train workers in the most effective methods, and 4) Cooperate with workers to ensure the implementation of scientific principles.

What is the contribution of Robert Owen to the field of management?

Robert Owen contributed to the field of management by emphasizing the importance of good machine maintenance and the welfare of workers, which he believed would lead to increased productivity and profits for the company.

What is the significance of the Pyramids of Egypt and Borobudur Temple in Indonesia in the context of ancient management practices?

The Pyramids of Egypt and Borobudur Temple in Indonesia signify the existence of management practices in ancient times, as the successful construction of these structures would have required planning, organization, leadership, and control.

What are the five functions of management as defined by Henri Fayol?

Henri Fayol defined management with five functions: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.

What is the Hawthorne effect mentioned in the script, and who is Elton Mayo known for discovering it?

The Hawthorne effect is a phenomenon where workers increase or decrease their performance in response to their awareness of being observed. Elton Mayo is known for discovering this effect through his experiments on human behavior in the workplace.

What is the significance of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs in understanding human motivation?

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs is significant in understanding human motivation as it provides a framework for understanding how different levels of needs influence an individual's behavior and motivation in an organization.

What is the difference between the Classical and Neoclassical Schools of management thought?

The Classical School focuses on efficiency and scientific management principles, while the Neoclassical School incorporates insights from sociology and psychology to understand human behavior and social dynamics within organizations.

What are some key principles of modern management thought?

Key principles of modern management thought include viewing management not as a strict technique, the need for systematic approaches, considering the organization as a whole, and the importance of motivational approaches that foster commitment to organizational goals.