UNSUR INTRINSIK DAN EKSTRINSIK CERPEN

Summary

This video tutorial explains the essential elements of short stories (cerpen) for 11th-grade students. It covers both intrinsic and extrinsic elements, breaking down the key aspects like theme, character development, plot, setting, point of view, language style, and the moral message (amanat). Additionally, the video discusses how authors create characters, structure plots, and use different literary techniques such as metaphors and personification. The extrinsic elements, such as the author's background and societal influences, are also explored. The goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these components come together to form a cohesive narrative.

Takeaways

• 😀 The script discusses the essential elements that build a short story (cerpen), which includes both intrinsic and extrinsic elements.
• 😀 Intrinsic elements are those that directly shape the story, while extrinsic elements come from outside the story but still influence it.
• 😀 There are seven intrinsic elements of a short story: theme, characters and characterization, plot, setting, point of view, language style (figurative language), and message.
• 😀 The theme is the central idea of the story, which can be identified through the plot, characters, or dialogues.
• 😀 Characters are the people in the story, and characterization refers to the traits, attitudes, and emotions of the characters.
• 😀 There are two main types of characters: protagonists (those who fight for truth and justice) and antagonists (those who oppose these values), though antagonists are not always evil.
• 😀 Characters can be described either analytically (directly stating their traits) or dramatically (indirectly through actions, dialogues, or other characters' perspectives).
• 😀 The plot (or sequence of events) can follow a progressive order (chronological), a regressive order (starting from the end), or a mixed structure that includes flashbacks.
• 😀 The setting refers to the time, place, and atmosphere of the story, which helps shape the narrative's mood and context.
• 😀 The script explains different narrative points of view: first-person (main character or supporting character), third-person omniscient (all-knowing narrator), and third-person limited (only what can be seen or known by characters).

Q & A

What is a short story (cerpen) and what are its key elements?

A short story (cerpen) is a type of narrative text with a plot, characters, and other literary features. Its key elements include intrinsic and extrinsic components, such as theme, characters, setting, plot, point of view, language style, and message.

What are intrinsic elements in a short story?

Intrinsic elements are aspects that directly build the story from within, such as the theme, characters, setting, plot, point of view, language style, and message. These elements work together to create a cohesive narrative.

What are extrinsic elements in a short story?

Extrinsic elements are factors outside the story that influence the creation of the short story. These include the author's background, their psychological condition, education, and the cultural or societal context they are part of.

How is the theme of a short story defined?

The theme is the main idea or central message of the story. It is the foundational concept that drives the narrative, and it can be discovered through the plot, characters, and dialogues.

What is the role of characters in a short story?

Characters are the individuals in a story who perform actions and experience events. The way they are portrayed, including their traits and emotions, helps shape the story's direction and theme.

What is the difference between protagonists and antagonists in a short story?

A protagonist is a character who fights for truth and righteousness, often having positive qualities. An antagonist, on the other hand, opposes the protagonist, but they may not necessarily be evil—sometimes their actions or behaviors might appear antagonistic but aren't inherently malicious.

What are the two methods for depicting characters' traits in a short story?

Characters can be depicted through two methods: direct or analytic portrayal, where the author explicitly states the character’s traits, and indirect or dramatic portrayal, where the traits are revealed through actions, dialogues, or interactions with other characters.

What are the different types of plot structures in a short story?

The plot can follow three main structures: progressive (where events unfold in chronological order), retrogressive (starting from the end and moving backward), and mixed (which alternates between the present and flashbacks).

How does the setting contribute to a short story?

The setting provides important context by establishing the time, place, and atmosphere of the story. It helps to create mood and influences the characters' actions and interactions.

What are the different narrative perspectives (point of view) used in short stories?

There are four main narrative perspectives: first person (the narrator is a character in the story), second person (rare, using 'you'), third person omniscient (the narrator knows everything about all characters), and third person limited (the narrator only knows the thoughts and feelings of one character).

What is the significance of language style (or figurative language) in a short story?

The language style, or figurative language (majases), is a technique that enhances the storytelling by using comparisons, exaggerations, or symbolic representations. It adds depth, emotion, and creativity to the narrative, making it more engaging for the reader.

What is the message (amanat) in a short story, and how can it be conveyed?

The message is the moral or lesson the author wants to convey to the reader. It can be explicit, where the message is directly stated, or implicit, where the reader has to infer the lesson from the story’s events and characters.

How does the author's background influence a short story?

The author's background, such as their personal experiences, education, and societal influences, can shape the themes, characters, and overall tone of the short story. For example, an author from a rural area might write stories reflecting that environment.