Pemeriksaan Nervus Kranialis

Summary

This educational video, led by Nurhayati, provides a comprehensive guide to performing cranial nerve assessments. It covers the 12 cranial nerves, including sensory and motor tests for olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trigeminal, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves. The video explains step-by-step how to examine these nerves, checking for normal functioning, and how to identify potential abnormalities in the nervous system. The practical demonstrations ensure viewers can perform these assessments effectively, making it a valuable resource for nursing students and healthcare professionals.

Takeaways

• 😀 The 12 cranial nerves are essential for functions ranging from facial movements to sensory input from the head and neck.
• 😀 Nervus Olfactorius (Cranial Nerve I) is tested through the patient's ability to identify smells, ensuring proper olfactory function.
• 😀 Nervus Opticus (Cranial Nerve II) is evaluated through visual acuity and visual field tests, which assess sight and peripheral vision.
• 😀 Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI are tested by evaluating eye movements and pupil reflexes, including responses to light and accommodation.
• 😀 Nervus Trigeminus (Cranial Nerve V) is examined by checking both motor functions (chewing muscles) and sensory functions (light touch and pain sensation).
• 😀 Nervus Facialis (Cranial Nerve VII) motor function is checked by asking the patient to perform facial expressions, while sensory function is tested for taste recognition on the tongue.
• 😀 Nervus Vestibulocochlearis (Cranial Nerve VIII) is assessed by auditory tests (Weber and Rinne tests) and balance evaluation using a tuning fork.
• 😀 Cranial Nerves IX and X are examined by assessing swallowing reflex, uvula position, and gag reflex, which evaluate the function of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.
• 😀 Nervus Accessorius (Cranial Nerve XI) motor function is tested by checking the strength of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, including head turning and shoulder shrugging.
• 😀 Nervus Hypoglossus (Cranial Nerve XII) is evaluated by observing the tongue's movement and position, looking for signs of asymmetry or paralysis that could indicate nerve damage.

Q & A

What is the focus of the video in terms of medical examination?

The video focuses on the examination of the 12 cranial nerves, which are responsible for various functions from the face to the shoulders. The video explains how to assess these nerves to detect any abnormalities in the nervous system.

What is the purpose of testing the olfactory nerve (Nervus Olfaktorius)?

The purpose of testing the olfactory nerve is to assess the patient's sense of smell. This involves checking the sharpness of their olfactory function by using different scents while blocking one nostril at a time.

How is the visual function of the optic nerve (Nervus Optikus) assessed?

The visual function of the optic nerve is tested by having the patient cover one eye and then identifying how many fingers are raised at a distance of 6 meters. Additionally, the visual field is tested by asking the patient to cover one eye and indicate when they can see an object appear in their peripheral vision.

What is the procedure to test the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves (Nervus 3, 4, 6)?

The procedure involves asking the patient to follow an object with their eyes, moving the object in various directions (up, down, left, right) to check eye movement. The reflexes of the pupils are also tested by exposing them to light and observing whether both pupils constrict equally.

How is the trigeminal nerve (Nervus Trigeminius) function tested?

The trigeminal nerve function is assessed by evaluating both motor and sensory functions. For the motor test, the patient is asked to clench their teeth while the examiner checks for contraction in the masseter and temporalis muscles. The sensory test involves the patient identifying sensations of light touch or sharp pain on different areas of the face.

What are the key tests for the facial nerve (Nervus Fasialis)?

The facial nerve is tested for both motor and sensory functions. The motor test involves asking the patient to perform facial movements such as closing their eyes tightly, raising their eyebrows, puffing their cheeks, and smiling to assess symmetry. The sensory test involves testing taste sensation on the anterior part of the tongue using sweet, sour, bitter, and salty stimuli.

How is the vestibulocochlear nerve (Nervus Vestibulocochlearis) tested?

The vestibulocochlear nerve is tested through hearing and balance assessments. Hearing tests include the Weber and Rinne tests, where a tuning fork is used to check for sound conduction through bone and air. The patient is also asked to identify the sounds they hear in each ear to check for hearing loss.

What is the procedure to test the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (Nervus Glosofaringeus and Nervus Vagus)?

These nerves are tested by observing swallowing reflexes, the position of the uvula, and the gag reflex. The patient is asked to swallow, and the movement of the uvula is observed for any signs of asymmetry. The gag reflex is also checked by gently stimulating the back of the throat.

How is the accessory nerve (Nervus Aksesorius) function assessed?

The accessory nerve is tested by checking the strength of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. The patient is asked to turn their head against resistance to assess the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and to shrug their shoulders against resistance to check the trapezius muscle.

How is the hypoglossal nerve (Nervus Hipoglosus) examined?

The hypoglossal nerve is examined by assessing the movement of the tongue. The patient is asked to stick out their tongue, and the examiner checks for symmetry. If there is a lesion, the tongue will point toward the affected side. The tongue's position is also observed when the mouth is open to check for any signs of paralysis.