PEMERIKSAAN SYARAF KRANIAL

Summary

In this video, Hasna from Escape Indonesia presents a detailed guide on performing cranial nerve and reflex examinations. The tutorial covers various neurological assessments, including tests for each of the 12 cranial nerves, such as olfactory, optic, oculomotor, and others. The video explains how to conduct these tests with necessary tools and how to interpret the results to identify potential nerve issues. It serves as an informative resource for health professionals looking to enhance their clinical examination skills. Viewers are encouraged to like, comment, and subscribe for more educational content.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video focuses on teaching physical examinations of the cranial nerves and reflexes.
• 😀 Tools required for the examination include a hand skin, reflex hammer, penlight, aromatic substances, clock, snellen chart, cotton, and a stick.
• 😀 The olfactory nerve test involves asking the client to identify various smells with each nostril separately while their eyes are closed.
• 😀 The optic nerve test requires clients to read from a given material at a distance of 36 cm with each eye and both eyes.
• 😀 The oculomotor nerve test involves observing pupil reaction to light and checking accommodation by shifting focus from near to distant objects.
• 😀 The trochlear nerve test requires the client to follow a light source in different directions with their eyes.
• 😀 The trigeminal nerve test assesses light touch sensations, deep sensations, and reflex blinking through specific sensory tests on the face.
• 😀 The abducens nerve test involves having the client follow a light in six directions to check for coordinated eye movement.
• 😀 The facial nerve test involves assessing the client's ability to smile, raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead, puff cheeks, and identify different tastes on the tongue.
• 😀 The vestibulocochlear nerve test checks hearing by having the client listen to a ticking clock and evaluates their walking stability and balance.
• 😀 The glossopharyngeal nerve test involves the client saying 'A', yawning, and assessing their ability to swallow and gag reflex.
• 😀 The vagus nerve test involves checking for clear speech and swallowing without difficulty.
• 😀 The accessory nerve test involves assessing shoulder shrugging and head turning against resistance.
• 😀 The hypoglossal nerve test involves evaluating the client's ability to move their tongue from side to side without difficulty.

Q & A

What is the primary focus of the video?

The primary focus of the video is to provide a step-by-step guide on how to perform a cranial nerve examination, which is a crucial part of neurological assessments.

What equipment is necessary to perform the cranial nerve examination?

The equipment required includes a hand-skin, reflex hammer, penlight, aromatic substances like coffee, tea, or orange, an alarm clock, a Snellen chart, cotton, and a toothpick.

How is the olfactory nerve tested in the cranial nerve examination?

The olfactory nerve is tested by asking the client to close their eyes and smell different scents, one nostril at a time, and identify the smells. This is done with the client’s eyes closed, unless they are experiencing a cold.

What does the optic nerve test involve?

The optic nerve is tested by having the client read from a document placed at a distance of 36 cm. This test checks for visual acuity, both for each eye separately and together.

What is the purpose of testing the oculomotor nerve?

The oculomotor nerve is tested by evaluating the pupil's reaction to light and its ability to accommodate (change focus when looking at objects close and distant).

How do you test the trochlear nerve?

To test the trochlear nerve, you ask the client to follow a light source in various directions (up, down, sideways, and diagonally) to assess eye movement and coordination.

What does the trigeminal nerve examination check for?

The trigeminal nerve examination checks for sensations of light touch, deep pressure, and temperature (hot and cold) on the forehead, cheeks, and chin. It also tests the corneal reflex by gently touching the cornea to observe if the client blinks.

What is the procedure for testing the abducent nerve?

The abducent nerve is tested by asking the client to follow a light with only their eyes. The examiner moves the light in six directions to check for coordinated and parallel movement of both eyes.

How is the facial nerve assessed during the examination?

The facial nerve is assessed by asking the client to smile, raise their eyebrows, wrinkle their forehead, puff their cheeks, and close their eyes tightly. Additionally, the client is asked to identify various tastes placed on the tip and side of their tongue.

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve test measure?

The vestibulocochlear nerve test measures hearing by having the client listen to a ticking clock or other sounds. The client’s balance and walking stability are also tested by observing their ability to walk across the room without losing balance.

What is involved in testing the glossopharyngeal nerve?

The glossopharyngeal nerve is tested by having the client say 'Ah' and yawn to observe the movement of the soft palate, tongue, and uvula. Additionally, the examiner checks for a gag reflex and swallowing ability.

How do you test the vagus nerve?

The vagus nerve is tested by asking the client to swallow and speak. The examiner checks for any hoarseness in the voice and observes the swallowing process to ensure there are no difficulties.

What is the procedure for testing the accessory nerve?

The accessory nerve is tested by asking the client to shrug both shoulders against resistance and turn their head from side to side while the examiner applies resistance to each movement.

How is the hypoglossal nerve examined?

The hypoglossal nerve is examined by asking the client to stick out their tongue and move it from side to side. The examiner ensures the tongue can move smoothly and freely in different directions.