Ellen Gustafson: Obesity + hunger = 1 global food issue
Summary
TLDRエレンは、グローバルセキュリティ政策に没頭していたが、空腹のときに怒りっぽくなることに気づき、世界中で飢えている人々と共通していると結論づける。国連世界食糧計画で働いた経験から、貧困と飢えの悪循環を断ち切る「スクールフィーディング」プログラムを通じて食料支援の大切さを学ぶ。彼女は、フードバッグを通じて1つの子供が1年間受け取る学校給食を提供するというアイデアを展開し、自らの会社FEEDを設立。これにより、550,000個以上のバッグを販売し、5500万食の食事を提供している。また、アメリカの子供たちの飢えや肥満問題にも言及し、世界的な食料問題を1つのグローバルフードシステムの観点から捉える必要性を強調。さらに、30年後の食料問題へのアプローチとして、新しい組織「30プロジェクト」を立ち上げ、国内の肥満問題と国際的な飢え問題を結びつけ、持続可能な食料支援システムを目指す。
Takeaways
- 🌐 エレンはグローバルな食の安全保障に興味を持ち、食に対する執着から始まったが、飢えによって人々の情緒が影響を受けることを認識し、食の安全保障を通じてグローバルな安全保障問題に取り組むようになった。
- 🏫 国連世界食糧計画の「スクール・フィーディング」プログラムを通じて、無料の学校給食によって貧困と飢えの悪循環を打破することができるとエレンは結論づける。
- 👜 彼女はローレン・ブッシュと出会い、1つの子供が1年間受け取る給食を提供する「フィードバッグ」というアイデアを販売することで、資金と意識を高める方法を考え出した。
- 💼 国連での遅い進展に対抗し、エレンとローレンは自分の会社を設立し、FEEDというブランドを立ち上げ、550,000個以上のバッグを通じて5500万食の給食を提供している。
- 🇺🇸 エレンはアメリカ国内の子供たちの飢えにも注目し、国内でも飢えが問題であると強調している。また、肥満もアメリカだけでなく、世界的な問題となっていると指摘している。
- 📈 30年間の食のシステムの変化により、肥満と飢えの両方が増加しているとエレンは述べ、これはアメリカだけでなく、他の国にも影響を及ぼしている。
- 🌾 アメリカの農業は統一化されており、生産される食品が加工食品やファーストフードに至るプロセスを通じて私たちが食べるものになり、これは肥満問題につながっている。
- 👨🌾 アメリカの農民は比較的豊かである一方で、世界其他地方の農民、特に飢えに苦しむ人々は非常に痩せており、ほとんどが自給農民であるとエレンは述べている。
- 🔄 エレンは食の安全保障と肥満という2つの問題を別々の問題ではなく、1つのシステムとして捉える必要があると語り、グローバルな食のシステムを見直すことの重要性を強調している。
- 🎉 30年というサイクルの終わりを迎え、グローバルな食のシステムの誕生日と位置づけ、過去30年間にわたっての変化を振り返り、新たな30年間に向けた視点を提示している。
- 📈 エレンは30プロジェクトを立ち上げ、食のシステムの長期的な改善に向けたアイデアを推進し、国内の肥満問題と国際的な飢え問題を結びつける取り組みを通じて、持続可能な解決策を見つける可能性があると提案している。
Q & A
エレンはなぜグローバルセキュリティポリシーに興味を持ち始めましたか?
-エレンは9/11の際にニューヨークに住んでおり、グローバルセキュリティポリシーは非常に重要な問題であったため、興味を持っていました。
エレンが食料問題に関心を持つようになった理由は何ですか?
-エレンは自分が空腹になると非常に怒りっぽくなることに気づき、世界中の人々も同じであろうと推測し、食料問題に関心を持つようになりました。
国連世界食糧計画でエレンが出会い、最も傑出したと感じたプログラムは何ですか?
-エレンが最も傑出したと感じたプログラムは「スクールフィーディング」です。これは貧困と飢えの悪循環を断つための非常にシンプルな考えで、無料で学校給食を提供することで、子供たちが学校に通えるようにします。
FEED Bagとは何ですか?
-FEED Bagはローレン・ブッシュが提案したアイデアに基づくバッグで、1つのバッグを販売するごとに、1人の子供に1年の学校給食が提供されます。
FEEDプロジェクトはどの程度の成果を上げていますか?
-FEEDプロジェクトはこれまでに550,000個以上のバッグを販売し、世界中の子供たちに5500万食の食事を提供しています。
アメリカ国内の飢え状況はどのようですか?
-アメリカ国内でも飢えが存在しており、4900万人の人々と約1670万の子供が飢えています。
肥満と飢えはなぜグローバルフードシステムの問題として関連していると考えられますか?
-肥満と飢えはともに食物に関する問題であり、潜在的に問題となる農業が原因となっているとエレンは考えています。アメリカの農業は集約的であり、生産される食物が私たちが食べる食物を決定しています。また、アメリカ型の農業システムが世界に輸出されており、世界各地で肥満と飢えの問題が広がっています。
30 Projectとは何ですか?
-30 ProjectはFEED財団内に設立された新しい基金で、長期的な食システム改革のアイデアに焦点を当てています。国内の肥満問題と国際的な飢え問題を解決するための長期的な解決策を探求することを目指しています。
グローバルフードシステムの現在の状況として、飢えと肥満が同時に増加している理由は何ですか?
-グローバルフードシステムの現在の状況は、輸出されたアメリカ型の農業システムと食品産業の影響によるものです。加工食品やファーストフードが普及し、健康問題を引き起こしているとエレンは述べています。また、アフリカの農業は飢えが増加するにつれて急激に減少し、食料を世界中に供給する良い農業システムを輸出できていないという問題もあります。
エレンが提唱する食の選択に対する個人責任とは何ですか?
-エレンは、加工食品の価格に、化学肥料や肥料の流出など、ネガティブ・エクステリアリティ(社会全体にかかる非直接的なコスト)を含めるべきだと提唱しています。これにより、カhipsのような加工食品がリンゴよりも高くなることで、人々がより責任感を持って食の選択を行うようになる可能性があります。
30 Projectが目指しているものは何ですか?
-30 Projectは、食システムの長期的な改善を目指し、食料不足と肥満を解決するための包括的で持続的な解決策を見つけることです。また、食システム全体を見直し、30年後には成功を収めることができるように、今から改善を開始する必要があるとエレンは述べています。
Outlines
😀 フードの愛とグローバルな貧困・飢餓問題
エレンは、元々グローバルセキュリティ政策に興味を持っていたが、飢餓を感じると怒りっぽくなることに気づき、食糧問題とグローバルセキュリティの関係を結びつけました。国連世界食糧計画で働くことで、貧困と飢餓の悪循環を打破する「スクールフィーディング」プログラムに出会い、その効果的な性とシンプルさを高く評価しました。また、ローレン・ブッシュと出会い、「フィードバッグ」という商品を通じて食糧問題への関心と資金援助を高めるアイデアを展開しました。しかし、国連での遅い動きにイライラし、独自の企業FEEDを立ち上げました。FEEDは、550,000個のバッグを販売して、5500万食の食事を世界の子供たちに提供しました。さらに、アメリカ国内の飢餓問題や肥満問題にも触れ、食糧問題を解決するためには、問題的な農業が原因であると述べました。
🌐 グローバルフードシステムの変革と30プロジェクト
エレンは、グローバルな食糧問題と肥満問題を別々の問題ではなく、一つのシステムとして捉える必要性を強調しました。1980年代以降の30年間で食糧システムが大きく変化し、アメリカの加工食品が世界各地に普及した結果、飢餓から肥満、糖尿病、心臓病へと一世代で変化していると指摘しました。また、30年というサイクルを考えると、新たな食糧システムの創造に希望があると語りました。エレンは、30プロジェクトを立ち上げ、食糧システムの長期的な改善に向けたアイデアを推進し、国内の肥満問題と国際的な飢餓問題を解決する共通の視点を探求しています。また、環境に優しいタンパク質の生産方法や、加工食品の新たな価値観の定着など、具体的な改善策も提案しました。30Project.orgを立ち上げ、複数の組織と協力して活動を進めています。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡フードセキュリティ
💡スクールフィーディング
💡フィードバッグ
💡フードシステム
💡貧困
💡肥満
💡サステイナビリティ
💡30プロジェクト
💡グローバルフードシステム
💡農業の集約化
💡加工食品
Highlights
Ellen's initial obsession with global security policy evolved into a deep interest in food security, recognizing the connection between hunger and global insecurity.
Hunger's impact on mood and behavior led Ellen to consider its broader societal effects, particularly in areas of the world facing food scarcity.
Ellen's work at the United Nations World Food Programme exposed her to the School Feeding program, which addresses both education and nutrition to break the cycle of poverty.
The 'Feed Bag', a product Ellen and Lauren Bush created, symbolizes the fight against hunger and provides a year's worth of school meals for a child with each sale.
Despite initial resistance at the UN, Ellen and Lauren launched their own company, FEED, which has provided 55 million meals to children worldwide.
Ellen emphasizes the并存 (coexistence) of hunger and obesity as interconnected problems within the global food system.
Agricultural practices in the U.S. have led to a diet high in processed foods, contributing to obesity, and these practices are being exported globally.
The contrast between large-scale American farming and struggling African farmers highlights the disparities in the global agricultural system.
Ellen points out the rapid shift in dietary habits in developing countries, with a negative impact on health, including a rise in obesity-related diseases.
The 30-year cycles of technological adoption suggest a potential for significant change in the global food system by 2010.
Ellen's second dream involves looking to the next 30 years to transform the food system, learning from the past to create a more sustainable and healthy model.
The 30 Project, a new initiative within the FEED Foundation, aims to focus on long-term strategies for transforming the food system.
By aligning international and domestic advocates, the 30 Project seeks to find long-term solutions to hunger and obesity.
Ellen proposes a holistic view of the food system, where the needs of children in the South Bronx and Botswana are considered equally.
The importance of sustainable protein production is highlighted as a global issue affecting both environmental health and human diet.
Ellen suggests a new approach to pricing processed foods, which would internalize environmental costs and promote healthier food choices.
The launch of 30Project.org signifies the beginning of a coalition aimed at long-term, systemic solutions to improve the global food system.
Transcripts
I'm Ellen and I'm totally obsessed with food.
But I didn't start out obsessed with food.
I started out obsessed with global security policy,
because I lived in New York during 9/11 and it was a very relevant thing.
I got from global security policy to food
because I realized when I'm hungry, I'm really pissed off,
and I'm assuming the rest of the world is too.
Especially if you and your kids are hungry and your neighbor's kids are hungry
and your whole neighborhood is hungry.
And actually, it looks like the areas of the world that are hungry
are also the areas of the world that are pretty insecure.
So I took a job at the United Nations World Food Programme
as a way to try to address these security issues
through food security issues.
There, I came across what I think is the most brilliant of their programs.
It's called School Feeding and it's a really simple idea
to get in the middle of the cycle of poverty and hunger
that continues for a lot of people around the world, and stop it.
A free school meal gets kids into school,
which is education, the first step out of poverty,
but it also gives them the micronutrients and the macronutrients they need
to develop mentally and physically.
While I was working at the UN, I met this girl. Her name is Lauren Bush.
And she had this really awesome idea to sell the bag, called the "Feed Bag" --
which is really beautifully ironic because you can strap on the Feed Bag.
But each bag we'd sell would provide
a year's worth of school meals for one kid.
It's so simple, and we thought, OK,
it costs between 20 and 50 bucks to provide school feeding for a year.
We could sell these bags and raise a ton of money and awareness
for the World Food Programme.
But at the UN, sometimes things move slowly
and they basically said no.
And we thought, this is such a good idea, it's going to raise so much money.
So we said screw it, we'll start our own company,
which we did, three years ago.
That was my first dream, to start this company called FEED,
and here's a screenshot of our website.
We did a bag for Haiti just a month after the earthquake
to provide school meals for kids in Haiti.
So FEED's doing great.
We've so far provided 55 million meals to kids around the world
by selling now 550,000 bags, a ton of bags, a lot of bags.
All this time you're really --
hunger is a hard thing to think about,
because what we think about is eating.
I think about eating a lot and I really love it.
And the thing that's strange about international hunger
and talking about international issues
is that most people want to know:
"What are you doing for America's kids?"
There's definitely hunger in America:
49 million people and almost 16.7 million children.
I mean that's pretty dramatic for our own country.
Hunger definitely means something different in America
than it does internationally,
but it's incredibly important to address hunger in our own country.
But the bigger problem that we all know about is obesity,
and it's dramatic.
The other thing that's dramatic
is that both hunger and obesity have really risen in the last 30 years.
Unfortunately, obesity's not only an American problem.
It's actually been spreading all around the world
and mainly through our kind of food systems that we're exporting.
The numbers are pretty crazy.
There's a billion people obese or overweight
and a billion people hungry.
So those seem like two bifurcated problems,
but I kind of started to think about, you know,
what is obesity and hunger?
What are both those things about?
Well, they're both about food.
And when you think about food,
the underpinning of food in both cases is potentially problematic agriculture.
And agriculture is where food comes from.
Agriculture in America's very interesting.
It's very consolidated
and the foods that are produced lead to the foods that we eat.
The foods that are produced are, more or less, corn, soy and wheat.
And that's three-quarters of the food that we're eating:
processed foods and fast foods.
Unfortunately, in our agricultural system,
we haven't done a good job in the last three decades
of exporting those technologies around the world.
So African agriculture, which is the place of most hunger in the world,
has actually fallen precipitously as hunger has risen.
So somehow we're not making the connect
between exporting a good agricultural system
that will help feed people all around the world.
Who is farming? That's what I was wondering.
So I went and stood on a big grain bin in the Midwest,
and that really didn't help me understand farming,
but I think it's a really cool picture.
And the reality is that between farmers in America --
who actually, quite frankly, when I spend time in the Midwest,
are pretty large in general.
And their farms are also large.
But farmers in the rest of the world are actually quite skinny,
and that's because they're starving.
Most hungry people in the world are subsistence farmers.
And most of those people are women --
which is a totally other topic that I won't get on right now,
but I'd love to do the feminist thing at some point.
I think it's really interesting to look at agriculture from these two sides.
There's this large, consolidated farming that's led to what we eat in America,
and it's really been since around 1980, after the oil crisis,
when, you know -- mass consolidation,
mass exodus of small farmers in this country.
And then in the same time period,
we've kind of left Africa's farmers to do their own thing.
Unfortunately, what is farmed ends up as what we eat.
And in America, a lot of what we eat has led to obesity
and has led to a real change
in sort of what our diet is, in the last 30 years.
It's crazy.
A fifth of kids under two drinks soda.
Hello! You don't put soda in bottles.
But people do, because it's so cheap,
and so our whole food system in the last 30 years has really shifted.
I mean, you know, it's not just in our own country,
but really we're exporting the system around the world,
and when you look at the data of least developed countries --
especially in cities, which are growing really rapidly --
people are eating American processed foods.
And in one generation, they're going from hunger
and all of the detrimental health effects of hunger
to obesity and things like diabetes and heart disease in one generation.
So the problematic food system is affecting both hunger and obesity.
Not to beat a dead horse, but this is a global food system
where there's a billion people hungry and a billion people obese.
I think that's the only way to look at it.
And instead of taking these two things
as bifurcated problems that are very separate,
it's really important to look at them as one system.
We get a lot of our food from all around the world
and people from all around the world are importing our food system,
so it's incredibly relevant to start a new way of looking at it.
I've learned -- and the technology people here,
which I'm totally not one of --
but apparently, it really takes 30 years
for a lot of technologies to become really endemic to us,
like the mouse and the Internet and Windows.
You know, there's 30-year cycles.
I think 2010 can be a really interesting year
because it is the end of the 30-year cycle,
and it's the birthday of the global food system.
That's the first birthday I want to talk about.
If we really think that this is something that's happened in the last 30 years,
there's hope in that.
It's the 30th anniversary of GMO crops
and the Big Gulp, Chicken McNuggets, high-fructose corn syrup,
the farm crisis in America
and the change in how we've addressed agriculture internationally.
So there's a lot of reasons to take this 30-year time period
as sort of the creation of this new food system.
I'm not the only one who's obsessed with this whole 30-year thing.
The icons like Michael Pollan and Jamie Oliver in his TED Prize wish
both addressed this last three-decade time period
as incredibly relevant for food system change.
Well, I really care about 1980
because it's also the 30th anniversary of me this year.
And so in my lifetime,
a lot of what's happened in the world --
and being a person obsessed with food --
a lot of this has really changed.
So my second dream is that I think we can look to the next 30 years
as a time to change the food system again.
And we know what's happened in the past,
so if we start now and we look at technologies
and improvements to the food system long-term,
we might be able to recreate the food system
so when I give my next talk and I'm 60 years old,
I'll be able to say that it's been a success.
So I'm announcing today the start of a new organization,
or a new fund within the FEED Foundation, called the 30 Project.
And the 30 Project is really focused
on these long-term ideas for food system change.
And I think by aligning international advocates that are addressing hunger
and domestic advocates that are addressing obesity,
we might actually look for long-term solutions
that will make the food system better for everyone.
We all tend to think that these systems are quite different
and people argue whether or not organic can feed the world,
but if we take a 30-year view, there's more hope in collaborative ideas.
So I'm hoping that by connecting really disparate organizations
like the ONE campaign and Slow Food,
which don't seem right now to have much in common,
we can talk about holistic, long-term, systemic solutions
that will improve food for everyone.
Some ideas I've had is like, look, the reality is --
kids in the South Bronx need apples and carrots
and so do kids in Botswana.
And how are we going to get those kids those nutritious foods?
Another thing that's become incredibly global is production of meat and fish.
Understanding how to produce protein
in a way that's healthy for the environment
and healthy for people
will be incredibly important to address things like climate change
and how we use petrochemical fertilizers.
And, you know, these are really relevant topics
that are long-term and important
for both people in Africa who are small farmers
and people in America who are farmers and eaters.
And I also think that thinking about processed foods in a new way,
where we actually price the negative externalities
like petrochemicals and like fertilizer runoff
into the price of a bag of chips --
Well, if that bag of chips then becomes inherently more expensive than an apple,
then maybe it's time for a different sense of personal responsibility in food choice
because the choices are actually choices
instead of three-quarters of the products being made just from corn, soy and wheat.
The 30Project.org is launched
and I've gathered a coalition of a few organizations to start.
And it'll be growing over the next few months.
But I really hope that you will all think of ways
that you can look long-term at things like the food system
and make change.
(Applause)
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