MATERI KELAS 9 : MASA DEMOKRASI PARLEMENTER (SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN)

Summary

This educational video discusses Indonesia's parliamentary democracy period from 1950 to 1959, highlighting the definition and key features of the system. It reviews the various cabinets formed during this time, including notable leaders like Muhammad Natsir and Ali Sastroamidjojo, and their significant challenges and achievements, such as negotiations over Irian Barat and the organization of democratic elections. The video concludes with the transition to Guided Democracy, marking the end of the parliamentary system. This overview provides insight into the political dynamics and historical context of Indonesia during this formative period.

Takeaways

• 😀 The lecture introduces the topic of parliamentary democracy, focusing on its political developments in Indonesia.
• 📜 Parliamentary democracy is defined as a system where the legislative body is responsible for forming the cabinet and electing the president and vice president.
• 🗓️ The liberal democracy era in Indonesia lasted from August 17, 1950, to July 6, 1959, based on the Temporary Constitution of 1950.
• 📊 Various political parties competed for influence during this period, reflecting a vibrant political landscape.
• 👥 The first cabinet discussed is the Natsir Cabinet (Sept 6, 1950 - Mar 21, 1951), known for its coalition leadership by the Masyumi Party.
• 🔗 The Natsir Cabinet's achievements include negotiating with the Netherlands over the Irian Barat issue, though it faced internal security challenges.
• 📝 The Sukiman Cabinet (Apr 27, 1951 - Apr 3, 1952) continued the Natsir Cabinet's programs but ultimately faced opposition leading to its downfall.
• 👨‍⚖️ The Wilopo Cabinet (Apr 3, 1952 - Jun 3, 1953) was a 'zaken kabinet' comprising experts, struggling with economic crises and separatist movements.
• 🏛️ The Ali Sastroamidjojo I Cabinet (Jul 31, 1953 - Aug 12, 1955) prepared for the first parliamentary elections and held the 1955 Asia-Africa Conference.
• ⚠️ The Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet (Aug 12, 1955 - 1956) oversaw Indonesia's first democratic elections and addressed issues like corruption and Irian Barat.
• 🚪 The last cabinet mentioned, the Djuanda Cabinet (Apr 9, 1957 - Jul 5, 1959), attempted to manage national crises but ultimately ended with President Sukarno's decree, marking the shift to guided democracy.

Q & A

What is parliamentary democracy?

Parliamentary democracy is a system of organizing a country that gives responsibility to the legislative body to form the working cabinet and elect the president and vice president.

What period did the liberal democracy in Indonesia last?

Liberal democracy in Indonesia lasted from August 17, 1950, to July 6, 1959.

What was the constitutional basis used during the period of parliamentary democracy?

The constitutional basis used during the parliamentary democracy was the Temporary Constitution of 1950.

What is the 'zaken kabinet' and how does it differ from other cabinet types?

'Zaken kabinet' refers to a cabinet composed of experts from various fields rather than political party members, focusing on professional expertise over party affiliation.

Who led the first cabinet during the parliamentary democracy in Indonesia?

The first cabinet during parliamentary democracy was led by Muhammad Natsir and is known as the Natsir Cabinet.

What were some challenges faced by the Natsir Cabinet?

The challenges included stalled negotiations regarding West Irian and internal security issues like rebellions across Indonesia.

What event led to the end of the Sukiman Cabinet?

The Sukiman Cabinet ended due to opposition from the Masyumi and PNI parties, which withdrew their support.

What major achievement did the Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet accomplish?

The Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet successfully organized the first democratic elections in Indonesia.

What significant policy did the Djuanda Cabinet implement regarding national waters?

The Djuanda Cabinet issued the Djuanda Declaration, which regulated the national maritime boundaries of Indonesia.

What led to the end of the parliamentary democracy era in Indonesia?

The era ended when President Sukarno issued a Presidential Decree on July 5, 1959, marking the transition to guided democracy.