Kehidupan Bangsa Indonesia pada Masa Demokrasi Liberal

Summary

This video educates viewers on Indonesia’s Liberal Democracy era (1950-1959), exploring its principles, background, and impact. The video discusses the parliamentary system, the challenges faced in governance, and the roles of different political parties. It highlights the multiple cabinet changes, the rise of new political parties, and the economic and social challenges that marked this period. Additionally, it examines the implications of the Liberal Democracy system on Indonesia’s political stability, economy, and social structure, ultimately leading to the end of this era in 1959 with the presidential decree.

Takeaways

• 😀 Democracy Liberal in Indonesia was a political system that protected individual rights from government power and set boundaries on governmental policies to prevent violations of personal freedoms.
• 😀 The background for Indonesia adopting democracy liberal began after the Dutch acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949 and the subsequent shift to a unitary state with a parliamentary system under the 1950 provisional constitution (UUD 1950).
• 😀 The parliamentary system implemented during this period had key features such as a prime minister-led cabinet responsible to the parliament, with the president serving as a symbolic head of state.
• 😀 Elections under democracy liberal followed a voting system to determine representatives, with no fixed terms for cabinet members, encouraging a multi-party system.
• 😀 A total of 7 cabinets were formed between 1950 and 1959 under the leadership of President Sukarno, with frequent cabinet changes due to political instability.
• 😀 The system encouraged a multi-party political environment, resulting in the creation of several political parties, including Masyumi, PNI, PKI, and others, contributing to a highly competitive political landscape.
• 😀 The rapid turnover of cabinets during democracy liberal led to unstable governance, which affected the effectiveness of government programs and policies.
• 😀 One significant impact of democracy liberal was the failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution, leading to the Presidential Decree of 1959, which dissolved the assembly and restored the 1945 Constitution.
• 😀 In terms of economics, the weak position of native entrepreneurs hindered their competitiveness against non-indigenous businesses, prompting government interventions like the 'gunting Syarifudin' (currency devaluation) and programs to promote indigenous entrepreneurship.
• 😀 Socially and culturally, the era was marked by instability, with multiple rebellions (e.g., APRA, DI/TII) disrupting security and increasing social inequality, contributing to higher poverty and unemployment rates.

Q & A

What is liberal democracy as explained in the video?

Liberal democracy is a political system that constitutionally protects individual rights and freedoms by limiting government power so that it does not violate personal liberties.

Why did Indonesia adopt a liberal democracy system after independence?

Indonesia adopted liberal democracy after the 1949 Round Table Conference, when the Netherlands recognized Indonesian sovereignty and the country transitioned through the RIS system before returning to a unitary state under the Provisional Constitution of 1950.

What constitution formed the legal basis of liberal democracy in Indonesia?

The legal basis of liberal democracy in Indonesia was the Provisional Constitution of 1950 (UUDS 1950).

What type of government system was implemented during the liberal democracy period?

Indonesia implemented a parliamentary cabinet system during the liberal democracy period.

What are the main characteristics of the parliamentary system during liberal democracy in Indonesia?

The main characteristics include cabinet responsibility to parliament, the prime minister as head of government, the president as head of state, elections through voting, no fixed cabinet term, and a multiparty system.

How long did the liberal democracy period last in Indonesia?

The liberal democracy period lasted for approximately nine years, from 1950 to 1959.

Who served as president during the liberal democracy era?

President Soekarno served as the president throughout the liberal democracy period.

Why were there frequent cabinet changes during the liberal democracy era?

Frequent cabinet changes occurred due to unhealthy political competition among many political parties in the multiparty system, leading to unstable coalitions.

What major political impact did liberal democracy have on Indonesia?

Major political impacts included frequent cabinet changes, failure of the Constituent Assembly to draft a new constitution, and the issuance of the Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959.

What was the Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959?

The decree dissolved the Constituent Assembly, reinstated the 1945 Constitution, and established the MPRS and DPAS, marking the end of the liberal democracy era.

What economic challenges did Indonesia face during the liberal democracy period?

Indigenous entrepreneurs were economically weak and struggled to compete with non-indigenous businesses, leading to economic instability.

What economic policies were implemented to address these challenges?

Policies included the Syarifuddin Currency Cut, the Benteng Program, nationalization of De Javasche Bank into Bank Indonesia, the Ali Baba economic system, and unilateral cancellation of the Round Table Conference agreements.

How did liberal democracy affect Indonesia’s social and cultural life?

Social and cultural life was heavily influenced by political instability, resulting in security disturbances, social inequality, rising poverty, and unemployment.

What rebellions occurred during the liberal democracy period?

Rebellions included APRA, Andi Azis, RMS, and DI/TII uprisings.

What lesson does the liberal democracy period provide for Indonesia today?

The period teaches the importance of political stability and responsible democratic practices as Indonesia continues to develop its democratic system.