Modal Verbs in English Grammar With Examples | What Are Modals | English Grammar Lesson | ChetChat
Summary
TLDREste script de video ofrece una rica y detallada lección sobre los verbos modales en inglés. Se inicia con una anécdota que ilustra la confusión entre los verbos modales "can" y "may". Luego, se definen los verbos modales, que son ayudantes que, junto con un verbo principal, añaden significado adicional. Se explica que los verbos modales, que incluyen palabras como "can", "could", "shall", "should", "will", "would", "may", "might" y "must", no se utilizan solas y siempre van seguidos de la forma base del verbo. Además, se discuten las reglas de conjugación y la forma negativa y interrogativa de los verbos modales. Se profundiza en seis categorías principales de uso de los verbos modales: capacidad, posibilidad, consejo, permiso, obligación y situaciones hipotéticas o condicionales. Cada categoría se explora con ejemplos y comparaciones para aclarar sus diferencias y usos. El script también cubre cómo los verbos modales se emplean para dar y pedir permiso, ofrecer ayuda y expresar obligaciones. Finalmente, se ofrece una tabla para comparar los grados de posibilidad y probabilidad asociados con cada verbo modal, y se destaca la importancia de estos verbos en la comunicación avanzada en inglés.
Takeaways
- 📚 Los verbos modales son un tipo de verbo auxiliar que, cuando se usan junto con un verbo principal, transmiten significados adicionales.
- 🚫 Los verbos modales nunca se usan por sí solos; siempre necesitan ir acompañados de otro verbo.
- 🔄 Un verbo modal sigue al infinitivo sin el verbo 'to', por ejemplo, 'can run' en lugar de 'can to run'.
- ❌ Los verbos modales no se conjugan; se mantienen en su forma base sin cambiar según el tiempo o los pronombres.
- 🚫 En la forma negativa, los verbos modales se mantienen como son, sin usar verbos auxiliares adicionales.
- ❓ En la forma interrogativa, los verbos modales se colocan antes del sujeto, como en 'Can you play?'.
- 🏊♂️ 'Can' y 'could' expresan la capacidad de hacer algo en el presente y en el pasado, respectivamente.
- 🤔 'Must', 'shall', 'will', 'should', 'can', 'could', 'may' y 'might' se usan para expresar posibilidades o probabilidades de que una acción ocurra.
- 🚫 'Cannot' y 'could not' indican una casi imposibilidad de que una acción ocurra.
- 📉 'Must not' y 'should not' son las formas más fuertes de prohibición, indicando una fuerte recomendación contra una acción.
- 📝 Los verbos modales como 'must', 'should', 'have to', 'can', 'could', 'may' y 'shall' se usan para dar consejos, hacer recomendaciones, ofrecer ayuda y dar permiso.
- 📅 'Would', 'could' y 'might' se utilizan para expresar situaciones condicionales, dependiendo de ciertas condiciones que se cumplan.
Q & A
¿Qué son los verbos modales y cuáles son los nueve que se mencionan en el script?
-Los verbos modales son un tipo de verbo auxiliar que, cuando se usan junto con el verbo principal, transmiten significados adicionales. Los nueve verbos modales que se mencionan en el script son: can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might y must.
¿Por qué los verbos modales no se utilizan por sí solos?
-Los verbos modales no se utilizan por sí solos porque siempre necesitan ir acompañados de otro verbo para transmitir un significado específico. Por ejemplo, 'I can' es correcto, pero 'I can' por sí solo sin un verbo principal no tiene sentido.
¿Cómo se forman las formas negativas de los verbos modales?
-Las formas negativas de los verbos modales se forman simplemente añadiendo 'not' después del verbo modal. No se utilizan verbos auxiliares adicionales. La estructura es: sujeto + verbo modal + 'not' + verbo principal + objeto opcional.
¿Cómo se usan los verbos modales para expresar la posibilidad de que una acción ocurra?
-Para expresar la posibilidad de que una acción ocurra, se utilizan varios verbos modales como 'must', 'shall', 'will', 'should', 'can', 'could', 'may' y 'might'. Cada uno de estos verbos modales tiene matices sutiles en su significado, pero todos ellos pueden usarse para hablar sobre la probabilidad o posibilidad de que una acción tenga lugar.
¿Cuáles son las diferencias entre 'can' y 'could' cuando se refieren a la habilidad para hacer algo?
-'Can' se utiliza para expresar la habilidad para hacer algo en el presente, mientras que 'could' se utiliza para hablar sobre una habilidad que existía en el pasado.
¿Cómo se usan los verbos modales para dar consejos o sugerencias?
-Para dar consejos o sugerencias, se utilizan verbos modales como 'must', 'should', 'may', 'might', 'could' y 'shall'. 'Must' y 'should' son las palabras más fuertes para dar recomendaciones, mientras que 'may', 'might' y 'could' ofrecen opciones o suenan más formales o menos enfáticas.
¿Qué verbos modales se utilizan para pedir permiso y cómo se hace?
-Para pedir permiso se utilizan los verbos modales 'can', 'could' y 'may'. La estructura para pedir permiso es: sujeto + verbo modal + verbo principal + objeto opcional. Por ejemplo, 'Can I use your phone?' o 'May I leave the classroom early?'
¿Cómo se expresan las obligaciones fuertes con los verbos modales?
-Las obligaciones fuertes se expresan con los verbos modales 'must', 'should' y 'have to'. 'Must' se utiliza para expresar una obligación interna o sentida, 'should' a menudo contiene un elemento de consejo, y 'have to' indica una obligación externa o prescrita por alguien más.
¿Cuáles son las formas negativas de los verbos modales que expresan una prohibición fuerte?
-Las formas negativas de los verbos modales que expresan una prohibición fuerte son 'must not' y 'should not'. Estas formas indican una prohibición o consejo fuerte contra alguna acción.
¿Cómo se usan los verbos modales para expresar hipótesis o condiciones?
-Para expresar hipótesis o condiciones, se utilizan los verbos modales 'could', 'would' y 'might'. Estos se usan en oraciones condicionales que dependen de la cumplimentación de cierta condición. Por ejemplo, 'If I had a car, I could drive you home'.
¿Cómo se usan los verbos modales para contrastar situaciones reales con situaciones hipotéticas?
-Los verbos modales 'can' y 'could' se utilizan para contrastar situaciones reales con hipotéticas. 'Can' se usa para situaciones actuales que son posibles, mientras que 'could' se refiere a situaciones hipotéticas o condicionales que dependen de ciertas condiciones.
¿Por qué 'cannot' es la única forma negativa de verbo modal que se escribe como una sola palabra?
-La razón por la que 'cannot' se escribe como una sola palabra, a diferencia de las demás formas negativas de verbos modales que se escriben en dos palabras ('couldn't', 'shouldn't', 'mayn't', etc.), no se explica en el script, pero es una peculiaridad del uso del idioma inglés que se ha establecido convencionalmente.
Outlines
😀 Introducción a los verbos modales
El primer párrafo introduce el tema de los verbos modales a través de una anécdota y define lo que son: un tipo de verbo auxiliar que, junto con un verbo principal, añade significado adicional. Se discuten las reglas básicas de los verbos modales, como que no se usan solas y deben ir seguidas de la forma base del verbo. Además, se mencionan las seis categorías de significados que los modales pueden expresar: posibilidad, obligación, permiso, consejo, oferta y especulación.
🧐 Capacidad y posibilidad con verbos modales
El segundo párrafo se enfoca en la capacidad y la posibilidad de realizar acciones, utilizando verbos modales como 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might' y 'will'. Se proporciona una escala graduada de la probabilidad de que una acción ocurra, desde 'must', que implica una alta probabilidad, hasta 'might', que indica una posibilidad menor. Se destacan los usos de los modales en contextos pasados y presentes, y se mencionan las formas negativas de estos modales.
🤔 Deducciones y especulaciones con modales
El tercer párrafo explora el uso de los verbos modales para hacer deducciones y especulaciones. Se describen los usos de 'must', 'should', 'might', 'could' y 'can't' para hacer suposiciones basadas en la evidencia. Se comparan los grados de probabilidad expresados por estos modales y se discuten las formas negativas, destacando las diferencias entre 'cannot' y 'could not'.
📢 Consejos, permisos y obligaciones con modales
El cuarto párrafo cubre el uso de los verbos modales para dar y pedir consejo, ofrecer ayuda, dar permiso y expresar obligaciones. Se destacan los modales 'must', 'should', 'shall', 'can', 'could', 'may', 'will' y 'ought to' para dar recomendaciones y sugerencias, y 'would', 'could', 'should' y 'may' para ofrecer ayuda. También se discuten los modales 'can', 'could' y 'may' para dar y pedir permiso, y 'must', 'should' y 'have to' para expresar obligaciones. Se mencionan las formas negativas para prohibir acciones y se exploran las diferencias entre 'must' y 'have to'.
🔄 Condicionales y uso del tiempo pasado con modales
El quinto y último párrafo concluye la clase sobre verbos modales, mencionando que se realizará una clase separada sobre los verbos modales en pasado en el futuro. Se anima a los estudiantes a pedir más información en los comentarios si lo desean.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Modal Verbs
💡Ability
💡Possibility
💡Advice
💡Permission
💡Obligation
💡Hypothetical
💡Conjugation
💡Negative Form
💡Interrogative Form
💡Semi-modal Verbs
Highlights
Modal verbs are helping verbs that convey additional meanings when used with a main verb.
Nine modal verbs include can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, and must.
Modal verbs express possibility, obligation, permission, advice, offers, and speculation.
Modal verbs cannot be used alone and must be accompanied by another verb.
Modal verbs are followed by the base form of the verb (also known as the infinitive without 'to').
Modal verbs are not conjugated and do not change according to tense or pronouns.
In negative form, modal verbs are used as they are without additional auxiliary verbs.
In interrogative form, modal verbs are used without additional auxiliary verbs, with the modal verb preceding the subject.
Ability is expressed using can and could, with can for present ability and could for past ability.
Possibility is discussed with a scale of modal verbs from must to might, indicating varying degrees of likelihood.
Must and should are used for strong deduction or speculation, while might and could indicate a lower probability.
Modal verbs must and should are used for giving strong advice or recommendations.
Could, should, and would are used for asking for advice, offering help, and giving suggestions.
Can, could, and may are used for giving and asking for permission.
Must, should, and have to express strong obligation, with have to indicating an external obligation and must an internal one.
Negative forms of must and should are used for strong prohibition, while can, could, and may express prohibition with less force.
Conditional statements are made using could, would, and might to express hypothetical situations.
The class will cover past modals in a future session.
Transcripts
hello students today is a marathon on
modal verbs and I'm going to start with
a story one day I was late for school my
English class was going on and I knocked
at the door and said ma'am can I come in
and my teacher replied yes you can but
you may not I stood there
confused well today we have a marathon
class on modal verbs that one single
class that will give you everything from
what are modal verbs the rules around
the usage of the nine modal verbs the
six categories of meanings with
differences between each of them and
lots of examples so whether it's a
competitive exam or you just want to
become an advanced English speaker this
is your ultimate resource this is a huge
lesson so get your pen and paper ready
and let's get going hey this is chetna
and you're on chat chat and this content
is also available as a podcast on scale
up with chat that available exclusively
on Spotify so there are nine modal verbs
can could shall should will would May
might and must what are they they're a
type of helping verb which when used
together with the main verb convey
additional meanings what kind of
meanings modal verbs can help us convey
the possibility of a particular action
taking place or its ability we can use
them to talk about an obligation to do
something to take permission to give
permission for making a request for
giving advice or opinion for making an
offer for promising something or
speculating about a certain action let's
look at the rules of modal verbs rule
number one modal verbs can never be used
by themselves they always need to be
used along with another verb example I
can occur is wrong what does that even
mean you need to say I can drive a car
or I can park a car rule number two a
moral verb is followed by the base form
of the verb this is also called an
infinitive verb without the word to
example I can run the infinitive form is
to run but we use it without the two I
can run she should study not she should
to study rule number three moral verbs
cannot be conjugated use them as they
are example for regular verbs we might
say played please but we cannot do must
mustard musts
similarly he can cycle not he can cycle
so use the moral verbs as they are do
not change their form according to tense
or pronouns they remain as they are rule
number four in the negative form also
moral verbs are used as they are without
the use of any additional auxiliary
verbs like do the structure is subject
plus modal verb plus not plus verb plus
object optional you must not eat donuts
I cannot speak Italian not I don't can
speak Italian
each of them by the way can be
contracted in the negative form
shouldn't couldn't and wouldn't
mitant is technically a word but is not
used frequently so might not and may not
are usually spoken and written as two
words without Contracting for Will and
shell the spellings change in the
negative will becomes won't shall chant
rule number five in the interrogative
form as well moral verbs are used as
they are without the use of any
additional auxiliary verbs like do you
structure is modal verb plus subject
plus main verb plus optional object can
you play not do you can play the
structure changes to make a question
where the modal verb is moved before the
subject should I tell him
okay that completes the rules now we are
going to get into the meat of this
session the six different types of
situations in which we typically use
modal verbs and the differences between
each of them ability possibility advice
permission obligation hypothetical or
conditional one ability can and could
convey the ability to do something take
a look at these sentences I can swim now
but I couldn't swim when I was younger
they could play the piano but now they
can't
can is used for ability to do something
in the present I can swim I can
understand Spanish meaning I am able to
understand Spanish yes we can
the famous Barack Obama slogan inspiring
people that we have the ability to make
a difference you can do it is your gym
instructor motivating you cannot or the
contraction can't is used to express the
lack of ability in the present tense
example I can sing he can't cook they
can't understand the teacher one trivia
cannot is the only negative model which
is written as one word cannot all others
are written as two words could not
should not may not and will not Etc
now code is used for an ability that
existed in the past example she could
run very fast when she was younger they
could play the guitar when they were in
a band he could speak fluent French when
he lived in France
could not or the contraction couldn't is
used for the lack of ability in the past
she couldn't find her keys yesterday
they couldn't solve the difficult puzzle
he couldn't swim when he was a child
foreign
move on to the second category it's
shout out time and this week the shout
out goes to Arya Mala for scoring
98.8 in 12th grade keep shining and if
you want to shout out write to me with
the hashtag chat Chatters the second
category is possibility
many of the modal verbs can be used to
talk about the probability or
possibility of an action taking place
these words have subtle differences in
their meanings and many times of course
they can be used interchangeably too but
I have risked making a grading scale of
these words for you which is on the
screen right now
disclaimer there is no accurate
percentage given prescribed for each one
of them look at them more in relation to
each other there is a degree of
possibility
impossibility and you can take a quick
screenshot
must must expresses a high degree of
likelihood or probability the concert
starts in half an hour they must be
getting ready
she's been studying hard she must be
well prepared for the exam we are almost
certain she must certainly be well
prepared since she has been studying so
hard
shell shall is used to predict future
events with a reasonable degree of
certainty the train shall arrive at 9 00
am the sun shall set in an hour shall is
formal and very British old-fashioned
like I shall have tea with the King this
week with cookies and mummy
will will is also used to make
predictions about the future it will
rain later today he will probably arrive
late to the meeting these are likely but
not with an extremely high degree of
certainty
should she should is used to express
probability with some expectation
example
it's already five o'clock he should be
home by now there is some expectation
here if I should visit Dhaka I will
surely visit you there is a small
possibility and if anyone's living in
Dhaka do drop me a line below can can is
used to express the potential of
something happening it can rain later if
you perhaps see a thick cloud cover you
can say it can rain later you're already
seeing the signs of something happening
the team can win the game if they play
well this is similar to Ability they can
win they have the potential to win or
the ability to win could could is used
to express a conditional or hypothetical
possibility I could meet you for lunch
tomorrow if my schedule allows the
package could arrive today or tomorrow
it's uncertain and hypothetical it could
happen if we leave early we could avoid
the traffic may may is commonly used to
express possibility or probability
example it may rain later today they may
arrive early might is used when the
chances of something happening are lower
than with May he might be at home or he
might be at work they might arrive early
but I'm not sure
in their negative forms most modal verbs
Express a similar degree of
impossibility just like they had in the
positive form like saying someone may
come is probable and the opposite may
not come is also equally probable but
there are two exceptions cannot and
could not now Canon could have a linkage
to ability and in their negative form
cannot and could not indicate a near
impossibility since there is no chance
no ability of that action taking place I
cannot fly without wings the cat cannot
speak English we cannot change the past
the action or event is not possible
under any circumstances could not or
couldn't is also used to indicate a past
situation in which the action was not
possible there is a small difference
between could not and can out couldn't
implies that the attempt was made but
still resulted in impossibility she
couldn't lift the heavy box by herself
she tried but she couldn't they couldn't
find the keys to the locked door they
kept looking but they couldn't
foreign
addition to possibility and
impossibility there is another aspect of
deduction or speculation like making a
calculated guess about something
happening based on evidence
five modal verbs I use for deduction and
speculation must and should example the
board exams are starting on Monday Lila
must be studying for the exam the
negotiations should end soon it's been a
few hours already here we're making a
strong deduction based on evidence or
expectation might could they might be
running late he could be Spanish judging
by his accent with might and could we're
expressing a possibility or a lower
probability can't can't is used to
express a strong deduction that
something is not true or highly unlikely
or nearly impossible they can't be lost
they know this area well this can't be
the right answer it doesn't make sense
the concert can't be sold out already I
just checked the website
foreign
let's take a look at modal verbs used
for giving advice suggestions
recommendations asking for advice and
offering help giving advice and
suggestions must and should are the
strongest recommendation words example
you should eat more vegetables for a
healthy diet sounds like a strong
recommendation you must see that movie
it's fantastic strong recommendation
good gives them options you could
consider taking a vacation you've been
pretty stressed off late seems like
you're giving them a suggestion with
options
watch this video by the way I'm putting
a link here to find the difference
between the power of should versus could
in giving suggestions might can be used
for a formal sounding suggestions you
might want to consider taking a
different approach
can is an informal substitute of good
you can pick up Jane from the airport on
your way back
shell is seldom used but in question
form we can use it to give a suggestion
shall we sit in the balcony native
speakers say this as shall we shall we
sit in the balcony may can also be used
in an informal context you may want to
join a yoga class to reduce your stress
and there is one more semi-modal verb
called otu which is formal and
old-fashioned which is also used to give
a strong recommendation you ought to
arrive early for the meeting or two
carries a slight ethical and moral
obligation you ought to follow the rules
thank you
asking for advice when you're asking for
advice pick up all the polite modal
verbs out of the bag would could and
should what should I do if I have a
conflict with a colleague could you give
me some advice on how to improve my
writing skills I would love your opinion
on the matter offering help can could
and may are the most common modal verbs
to offer help example I can help you
with your homework or can I help you
with anything I could give you a ride to
the airport or could I be of any
assistance to you may I assist you with
carrying those Banks additionally will
wood and shell can also be used example
I will bring Biryani to the party
tomorrow would you like me to drop you
shall I make you a cup of tea wood and
shell are formal shall is old-fashioned
too in case you're offering help by
making a promise to do something in the
future you can use will and shell I will
water your plants while you're away I
shall walk your dog in the evenings
foreign
category is giving permission can could
and may are commonly used to give
permission you can go to the party if
you finish your homework this is
informal you may use my computer to
complete your assignment this is formal
and authoritative you could borrow my
car for the weekend if you like we're
giving them an option to borrow the car
asking for permission the same three
modal verbs Cancun may can be used to
ask or obtain permission can I use your
pen please this is informal may I leave
the classroom early today is formal
could I borrow your umbrella for a
moment is polite and formal now remember
in my story when I asked my teacher
ma'am can I come in and she said yes you
can but you may not what she meant was
yes you have the ability to come into my
class you can come in but I am not
giving you the permission Mission you
may not
in addition to Cancun and me will and
wood are also used to make requests will
you close the door when you leave is
informal would you mind passing the salt
to me please is polite
foreign
must should and have to are the most
commonly used moral verbs to express
strong obligation have to is a
semi-modal verb you must submit your
assignment by tomorrow students should
study for their exams employees have to
follow the company's code of conduct
what is the difference between these two
sentences I have a toothache I must see
a dentist we have to wear fancy dress at
the party
have to is an external obligation the
dress code has been prescribed by
someone else we have to follow must is
an internal obligation I feel like I
must see a dentist but the moment my mom
is forcing me to go I would say mom is
forcing me I have to go to the dentist
today let's look at negative obligation
of prohibiting someone and the strongest
prohibition comes from the Opposites of
the words that we used for the strongest
recommendation so must not and should
not you must not enter this area without
proper authorization you should not eat
too much junk food it's not healthy
should always carries an element of
advice the negative forms of can could
and may are also used to prohibit
someone example you can't smoke here in
the present tense you're not able to
you're not allowed to we couldn't park
outside the mall it's past tense we
tried but we were not able to you may
not come in is authoritative like my
English teacher in old-fashioned English
we could also say you shall not enter
this compound which means you are not
allowed to enter
at six is conditional statements if
something is hypothetical it depends on
some condition to be fulfilled use could
would and might if I had a magic wand I
would Grant everyone's wishes
if I won the lottery I would donate it
to charity if it rains we might stay
indoors there's an element of
possibility here with the might notice
the difference between these two
statements in reality I have a busy
schedule so I can't attend the event but
if I had a free day I could go to the
event notice how the moral verbs of can
and could help us contrast real and
hypothetical situations
now modal verbs could wood and might are
also used to express uncertain or
tentative statements he could be at home
let me check the event might be
postponed due to bad weather if she won
the competition she would be thrilled
that takes care of our moral verbs
Marathon class and I will do a separate
class on past models in the future so if
you want more on that do ping me in the
comment section below meantime happy
learning
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