Community Health Plan and Assessments: Fundamentals of Nursing | @LevelUpRN

Summary

In this video, Ellis from Level Up RN explains the community health plan and community assessment, comparing it to the traditional patient care plan. The nursing process (ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation) is followed, with an emphasis on assessing entire communities instead of individuals. Key assessment methods include informant interviews, direct observation, windshield surveys, secondary analysis, and surveys. The video ends with a review of these concepts and introduces the next topic: epidemiology.

Takeaways

• 😀 A community health plan is like a patient care plan but for a whole community, using the nursing ADPIE model (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, Evaluation).
• 📝 The assessment stage is the most distinct part of a community health plan compared to an individual patient care plan.
• 📊 In a community assessment, you first need to select the aggregate (group) to assess and collect data from them.
• 💪 The assessment identifies the community’s needs, problems, and strengths to guide the community health plan.
• 🩺 The diagnosis stage involves analyzing and prioritizing health problems identified within the community.
• 🎯 Planning involves setting specific, measurable goals to address the community's health problems.
• 🛠️ Implementation focuses on carrying out the interventions designed to meet the planned goals.
• 📈 Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of the plan and what factors contributed to its success or failure.
• 👥 Community assessment methods include informant interviews, direct observation, windshield surveys, secondary analysis, and surveys.
• 🚗 A windshield survey involves observing a community by driving around and making notes based on observations from the car.

Q & A

What is a community health plan?

A community health plan is a patient care plan for an entire community, following the nursing process ADPIE model: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation.

How does a community health plan differ from a regular patient care plan?

The main difference lies in the assessment phase, where instead of assessing an individual, a community health plan involves assessing a group or aggregate.

What is the purpose of the assessment phase in a community health plan?

The assessment phase identifies community needs, problems, and collective strengths to base the community health plan on.

What are the steps involved in the nursing process for a community health plan?

The steps are Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation (ADPIE).

What types of assessments can be conducted for a community health plan?

Assessments can include informant interviews, direct observation, windshield surveys, and secondary analysis of preexisting data.

What is an informant interview in the context of community health?

An informant interview is a method of collecting data by performing interviews with individuals in the targeted community.

What is direct observation in community health assessments?

Direct observation involves observing individuals in a community at a specific place or location over a period of time.

What is a windshield survey?

A windshield survey is a method of observing a community by driving around and noting what can be seen from a car.

What is secondary analysis in community health assessments?

Secondary analysis is the review of preexisting data that has already been collected by others, such as Census Bureau data, vital statistics records, and community health records.

What are some examples of data that can be reviewed during a secondary analysis?

Examples include vital statistics records, community health records, and census data.

What is the purpose of the evaluation step in a community health plan?

The evaluation step assesses the effectiveness of the implemented steps, understanding what factors contributed to success or failure in achieving the original goals.

Outlines

00:00

🏥 Community Health Plan and Assessment

Ellis from Level Up RN introduces the concept of a community health plan, which is an extension of the nursing process to a community level. The ADPIE model (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation) is applied to the community as a whole. The key difference lies in the assessment phase, where the nurse must identify and study a specific community aggregate. Data collection is performed to understand community needs, problems, and strengths. Following the assessment, diagnosis involves analyzing and prioritizing health issues. Planning involves setting measurable goals and interventions, implementation is executing these plans, and evaluation assesses the success of these steps. Ellis also discusses unique assessment methods such as informant interviews, direct observation, windshield surveys, and secondary analysis of preexisting data like Census Bureau data and community health records.

05:01

📚 Next Video: Epidemiology

Ellis concludes the video by thanking viewers for studying with him and announces that the next video will cover epidemiology.

Keywords

💡Community Health Plan

A community health plan is a comprehensive care strategy designed for an entire community rather than just an individual. It follows the same nursing process as a regular patient care plan but is scaled up to address collective health needs. This plan involves assessing the community, diagnosing problems, planning interventions, and evaluating outcomes.

💡ADPIE Model

ADPIE stands for Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation, which is the standard nursing process. In the context of community health plans, this model is used to guide the steps in caring for a population, starting with assessing the community's needs and progressing through diagnosing problems and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions.

💡Assessment

Assessment in a community health plan involves collecting data on a chosen aggregate, which is a group of people within the community. This step is crucial because it helps identify the collective needs, problems, and strengths of the group, and is more extensive than assessing an individual patient. Examples from the video include methods like informant interviews and windshield surveys.

💡Aggregate

An aggregate refers to the specific group of individuals within a community that is being studied for a health plan. Instead of focusing on a single patient, the healthcare provider assesses the health concerns of the aggregate to determine common needs and potential interventions, as mentioned in the community assessment stage of the ADPIE process.

💡Informant Interviews

Informant interviews involve gathering data through interviews with people who are part of or familiar with the community. This is a method used in the assessment phase of a community health plan to better understand the community’s health issues directly from those who experience or observe them.

💡Windshield Survey

A windshield survey is an observational assessment method where healthcare workers drive through a community to gather data about the environment, infrastructure, and people as seen from a car window. In the video, it is described as a common task for students in community health classes to help them observe community health indicators like housing, schools, and healthcare accessibility.

💡Secondary Analysis

A secondary analysis refers to the use of preexisting data, such as census data, vital statistics records, or community health records, to assess the health needs of a community. This method is part of the assessment process in a community health plan and allows healthcare providers to use already collected data for decision-making.

💡Diagnosis

Diagnosis in the context of a community health plan involves analyzing and prioritizing the health issues identified during the assessment phase. This step focuses on determining the most pressing problems that the aggregate is facing, which then guide the development of interventions in the planning phase.

💡Planning

Planning is the phase where specific and measurable goals are set based on the diagnosed community health problems. The goals are designed to address the issues identified during the assessment, and appropriate interventions are developed. This phase ensures that the plan has a clear roadmap for implementation.

💡Implementation

Implementation refers to carrying out the interventions that were developed during the planning stage of the community health plan. It involves putting the plan into action to meet the goals set for the aggregate's health improvement, as described in the ADPIE process.

Highlights

Community health plans are essentially patient care plans for entire communities, following the ADPIE nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Intervention, and Evaluation.

In the assessment phase of a community health plan, the key difference from individual care is that data collection is performed on a chosen aggregate (a group), making the process more involved.

The community health plan identifies a community’s needs, problems, and strengths, and bases interventions on the collected data.

Diagnosis in a community health plan involves analyzing and prioritizing the community's health problems based on the aggregate's data.

The planning, intervention, and evaluation steps are similar to individual care, focusing on setting measurable goals, implementing actions, and assessing outcomes.

Evaluation assesses the effectiveness of implemented interventions, examining which factors led to the success or failure of the goals.

Informant interviews are a type of assessment that involves gathering data by interviewing individuals within the targeted community.

Direct observation in community health involves observing people in a community at a specific location over time.

A windshield survey is a popular method for community health assessments, involving driving through a community to observe elements such as housing, businesses, healthcare, schools, and green spaces.

A secondary analysis involves analyzing preexisting data, such as Census Bureau data, vital statistics, or community health records.

Surveys are another method of data collection in community health assessments, where individuals in the community are asked to provide responses.

A windshield survey gathers insights on key community characteristics like the types of people living there, housing options, accessibility to healthcare, and educational institutions.

Secondary analysis is beneficial as it uses already available data, speeding up the process and providing existing community insights.

Windshield surveys are often used in community health classes as a hands-on approach to assessing community characteristics.

After gathering data from a community assessment, the nursing process continues with planning interventions and setting measurable goals to address the identified problems.

Transcripts

Hi, I'm Ellis with Level Up RN. In this video,  we'll be chatting about the community health plan  

and a community assessment. These cards can be  found in the community section of our fundamentals  

of nursing flashcard deck. So if you have that  deck, grab these cards, and you can follow along  

with me. If you don't have the deck, I encourage  you to check us out at leveluprn.com. After the  

content, hang tight because I will have a couple  of questions just to check your knowledge.  

A community health plan is simply a patient  care plan but for the whole community. And thus,  

it follows the nursing process, which is our  ADPIE model. Assessment, diagnosis, planning,  

intervention, and evaluation. And this pretty  much follows what you would do for a regular  

patient care plan. I think the key difference  here is the assessment part. For an assessment  

step of a community health care plan, first, you  actually have to choose the aggregate on which  

you want to do the assessment. So identifying the  aggregate that you want to study and performing  

data collection on that aggregate. So this is  going to be a much more, I don't know, involved  

or intense or heightened version of an assessment  because instead of assessing one person, you're  

assessing a group of them. So by doing this,  you'll identify what the community needs might be,  

what problems they're facing, what strengths they  have as a collective, and then you can base that  

community health plan off of what you've assessed. So our next step would, of course, be diagnosis.  

So analyzing and prioritizing the  community health problem that you  

are identifying and that that aggregate is  experiencing. The planning, implementation,  

and evaluation steps are all pretty much the same  in that you would plan specific and measurable  

goals to address the problem that you identified  and then plan interventions to meet those goals.  

Implementation is to then carry out the plan  and provide the implementations that you've  

developed. And evaluation is simply assessing  the effectiveness of the implemented steps that  

you are able or whomever was able to provide,  understanding what factors contributed to success  

or not being successful of the original goals. As I just mentioned, the assessment step of the  

nursing process when doing a community health  plan is what is unique when compared to doing  

a regular patient care plan because we're going  to have to do unique types of assessments to get  

that information on the aggregate. So one type of  assessment that we can do is informant interviews.  

And this is exactly what it sounds like.  It is collecting data by performing  

interviews with individuals in the targeted  community. There's also direct observation,  

which again is exactly what it sounds like.  It is observing individuals in a community  

at a specific place or location over a period  of time. A windshield survey is particularly  

popular to ask students to do when they're  in a community health class. And that, again,  

is pretty much what it sounds like. It's driving  around in the community and observing what you can  

observe through your car's windshield. So what  kind of people live in this community? Where do  

they live? What kind of housing is available? What  stores or businesses or food options are there?  

How many schools are there? What kinds of schools  are there? Are there parks or green spaces or open  

spaces? What is the accessibility to healthcare  and what type of healthcare options are available? 

A secondary analysis is analyzing data  that is preexisting, so data that somebody  

else has already collected and some of this is  publicly accessible. So the Census Bureau data,  

vital statistics records, community health  records, anything that someone else has already  

collected would be a secondary analysis. And the  final example that we have is surveys. And again,  

this is pretty straightforward. This  would be providing and collecting surveys  

from individuals in the targeted community. That  wraps up the content for this video, so hang  

tight. Let's cover a couple of questions to check  your knowledge. Describe a windshield survey.  

A windshield survey is observations about a  given area as perceived through a car window.  

What are the examples I gave you of data that  you could review during a secondary analysis?  

Remember a secondary analysis is reviewing  preexisting data, and the examples I  

gave you are vital statistics records,  community health records, and census data.  

Thank you so much for studying with me. In our  next video, we'll be diving into epidemiology.