Why Do People Migrate? [AP Human Geography Review Unit 2 Topic 10]

Summary

In this Mr. Sin Channel video, the concept of human migration is explored, focusing on the push and pull factors that influence people to move. Economic, political, societal, and environmental factors are discussed, highlighting how they can either attract or deter individuals from certain areas. The video also explains the terms emigration and immigration, and touches on the impact of intervening obstacles and opportunities on migration. Viewers are encouraged to consider the factors influencing their own living choices.

Takeaways

• 🌍 Human migration is the permanent change of residence by an individual or group.
• 📈 Economic push factors include high unemployment, high taxes, and fewer job opportunities.
• 🏦 Economic pull factors are lower taxes, more job opportunities, and a variety of goods and services.
• 🏛️ Political push factors involve corruption, lack of freedoms, harsh policies, instability, and discrimination.
• 🗽 Political pull factors are places that protect individual rights, offer political freedom, and maintain stability.
• 👥 Societal push factors are discrimination based on ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, race, or religion.
• 🏥 Societal pull factors include religious freedom, acceptance, quality education, and healthcare services.
• 🌱 Environmental push factors are lack of arable land, water scarcity, and high risk of natural or human-made disasters.
• 🏞️ Environmental pull factors are areas with arable land, clean water, and preferred climates.
• 🚫 Intervening obstacles are negative situations or events that prevent migrants from reaching their destination.
• 🚀 Intervening opportunities are positive situations or events that divert migrants from their intended destination.
• 🌐 Emigration is leaving a place, while immigration is moving into a new place.

Q & A

What is migration?

Migration is the permanent change of residence by an individual or group, often involving movement to another city, region, or country.

What are push factors in migration?

Push factors are negative situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to leave a geographic area, such as high unemployment, high taxes, less job opportunities, political corruption, lack of individual freedoms, and poor societal conditions.

What are pull factors in migration?

Pull factors are positive situations, conditions, events, and factors that make people want to move to a geographic area, such as lower taxes, more job opportunities, a larger variety of goods and services, political freedom, and better societal conditions.

Why is economics often the number one reason for migration?

Economics is often the number one reason for migration because areas with high unemployment, high taxes, and less job opportunities push people out, while areas with lower taxes, more job opportunities, and a larger variety of goods and services pull people in.

How do political factors influence migration?

Political factors influence migration as areas with more political corruption, lack of individual freedoms, harsh government policies, lack of stability, or discrimination push people out, whereas places that protect individual rights, give political freedom, and keep society stable pull people in.

What societal factors can act as push factors in migration?

Societal factors that can act as push factors include discrimination against different ethnicities, genders, sexual orientation, races, or religions, as well as a lack of healthcare services, poor educational systems, or lack of public services.

What environmental factors can cause people to migrate?

Environmental factors such as lack of arable land, water scarcity, higher chances of natural disasters or human-made disasters like chemical spills or pollution from factories can push people out of an area.

What is the difference between emigration and immigration?

Emigration is when a person is leaving a place, and immigration is when a person is moving into a place. For example, if someone moves from the United States to Australia, they would be emigrating from the U.S. and immigrating to Australia.

What are intervening obstacles in migration?

Intervening obstacles are negative situations or events that hinder migration and prevent migrants from reaching their final destination, such as running out of money or being denied entry due to immigration policy.

What are intervening opportunities in migration?

Intervening opportunities are positive situations or events that hinder migration and prevent migrants from reaching their final destination, such as finding a job offer in an area one is passing through and deciding to take it.

How can personal preferences influence push and pull factors?

Personal preferences can influence push and pull factors as what may be appealing to one person (like a place that snows more often for a snowboarder) may be a push factor for another (like a surfer who prefers a warm beach).

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Understanding Human Migration

This paragraph introduces the concept of human migration, defined as the permanent change of residence by individuals or groups. It explores the push and pull factors that influence migration decisions. Push factors are negative conditions prompting people to leave an area, such as high unemployment, high taxes, and lack of job opportunities. Pull factors are positive conditions attracting people to an area, such as lower taxes, more job opportunities, and a wider variety of goods and services. The paragraph also discusses how economic, political, societal, and environmental factors can act as push or pull factors. Economic factors include job opportunities and taxes, political factors involve political freedom and stability, societal factors encompass acceptance and public services, and environmental factors consider natural resources and climate. The paragraph concludes by noting that individual preferences can also influence what is considered a push or pull factor.

05:00

👋 Closing Remarks from Mr. Sin

In the closing paragraph, Mr. Sin, the presenter, signs off by addressing his audience as geographers and expressing his anticipation for their next encounter online. This paragraph serves as a farewell and a teaser for future content.

Keywords

💡Migration

Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, often over long distances or from one country to another. In the context of the video, migration is the central theme, focusing on the reasons why individuals or groups choose to move. The script mentions economic, political, social, and environmental factors that can either push people away from an area or pull them towards another.

💡Push Factors

Push factors are the negative conditions or circumstances that compel people to leave their current location. The video script explains that high unemployment, high taxes, fewer job opportunities, political corruption, lack of individual freedoms, and poor societal conditions are examples of push factors that lead to emigration.

💡Pull Factors

Pull factors are the positive conditions or opportunities that attract people to move to a new location. The script illustrates that lower taxes, more job opportunities, better quality of life, and a stable political environment are examples of pull factors that encourage immigration.

💡Economic Factors

Economic factors are conditions related to financial and business aspects that influence migration. The video mentions that high unemployment, high taxes, and fewer job opportunities can push people out of an area, while areas with lower taxes, more job opportunities, and a variety of goods and services can pull people in.

💡Political Factors

Political factors involve the governance and policy aspects that can affect a person's decision to migrate. The script points out that areas with political corruption, lack of individual freedoms, harsh government policies, and instability can push people away, while places that protect citizens' rights and maintain stability can attract immigrants.

💡Social Factors

Social factors encompass the cultural, ethnic, and community-related aspects that can influence migration. The video explains that discrimination against different groups, lack of healthcare services, poor educational systems, and public services can be push factors, while societies that are accepting, offer quality education and healthcare, and have less income and gender inequality can be pull factors.

💡Environmental Factors

Environmental factors relate to the natural conditions and human-induced conditions of a place that can affect migration. The script describes that lack of arable land, water scarcity, and higher chances of natural or human-induced disasters can push people out, while areas with arable land, clean water, and preferred climates can attract migrants.

💡Emigrants

Emigrants are individuals who leave their country of origin to settle in another country. The video uses the example of someone living in the United States who decides to move to Australia, thereby becoming an emigrant from the U.S. and an immigrant to Australia.

💡Immigrants

Immigrants are individuals who move to a new country to settle there. In the script, it is mentioned that if someone moves to Australia from the United States, they would be immigrating to Australia.

💡Intervening Obstacles

Intervening obstacles are negative situations or events that prevent migration from being completed. The video gives the example of a migrant running out of money or being denied entry due to immigration policy as obstacles that can stop someone from reaching their intended destination.

💡Intervening Opportunities

Intervening opportunities are positive situations or events that can interrupt the migration process. The script illustrates that finding a job offer in an area one is passing through can be an opportunity that prevents the person from reaching their original destination.

Highlights

Introduction to the topic of migration and its causes

Definition of migration as the permanent change of residence

Explanation of push and pull factors influencing migration

Economic push factors such as high unemployment and low job opportunities

Economic pull factors like lower taxes and more job opportunities

Political push factors including corruption and lack of freedoms

Political pull factors such as protection of individual rights and stability

Societal push factors like discrimination and lack of public services

Societal pull factors including acceptance, quality education, and health care

Environmental push factors like lack of arable land and higher natural disasters

Environmental pull factors such as arable land and preferred climates

The concept that push and pull factors can differ based on individual preferences

Definition of emigration as leaving a place and immigration as moving into a place

Intervening obstacles that can prevent migration, such as financial issues or policies

Intervening opportunities that can alter migration plans, like job offers

Encouragement for viewers to reflect on their own migration experiences

Invitation for viewers to share their thoughts in the comment section

Promotion of additional review resources and the ultimate review packet

Conclusion and sign-off from the presenter, Mr. Sin

Transcripts

hello there geographers and welcome back

to the Mr sin Channel today we're going

to be reviewing the different causes of

migration as always if you find Value in

these topic review videos consider

subscribing and check out my other

review resources in the description of

the video to start I want to ask a

pretty simple question if you could live

anywhere in the world where would you

want to live when people decide to move

whether it's to another city a region or

even a country it's known as migration

human migration is the permanent change

of residents by an individual or group

you can see that when individuals are

trying to decide if they're going to

migrate they take into account different

push and pull factors pull factors are

positive situations conditions events

and factors that make people want to

move to a geographic area push factors

on the other hand are negative

situations conditions events and factors

that make people want to leave a

geographic area every place has

different economic political social and

environmental push and pull factor

economically we can see that societies

that have a high unemployment high taxes

is and less job opportunities will push

people out of an area but areas that

have lower taxes more job opportunities

and a larger variety of different goods

and services will pull people into the

area we can see actually that economics

is the number one reason why people

migrate changing gears to political

factors we can see that Geographic areas

that have more political corruption lack

individual freedoms Implement harsh

government policies lack stability or

discriminate citizens will push people

out of the area but places that protect

individual rights of citizens give

citizens political freedom and keep

Society stable will pull people into a

place if we look at societal factors we

can see that societies that discriminate

against different ethnicities genders

sexual orientation races or religions

create push factors that motivate people

to leave in area areas that also lack

Health Care Services have poor

Educational Systems or lack public

services will also push people out of

the area whereas places that offer

religious freedom are accepting of all

people offer quality education and

health care services and have less

income and gender inequality will see

more pull factors as people will be

drawn to that area then there are

environmental factors places that lack

arable land water have a higher chance

of having a natural disaster or human

disaster such as a chemical spill or

pollution from factories often will push

people out of the area but societies

that are located in areas that have

arable land clean drinking water and

preferred climates will motivate people

to move to those areas one thing to

remember when it comes to push and pull

factors especially environmental ones is

that some factors will differ depending

on who you talk to for example a person

who likes to snowboard may consider a

place where it's more cold and snows

more often more appealing than a place

where it's always sunny and warm but

someone else for example a surfer will

most likely consider the cold a push

factor and would rather live near a

beach with access to the ocean or a

business that needs a large Workforce

will most likely see a large urban area

as a poll Factor but a business that

requires lots of land and smaller

Workforce will look for more of a

dispersed population with cheaper land

now going back to migration we can see

if a person is leaving a place it's

known as emigration and if a person is

moving into a place it's known as

immigration for example I currently live

in the United States of America but if I

decide to move to Australia I would be

emigrating from the United States and

immigrating to Australia to make sure

you don't mix these terms up think of

emigration as e for exit and immigration

as I for in so we can see that people

migrate for a variety of different

reasons but just because people want to

migrate to a different area it doesn't

mean that they will reach their final

destination sometimes migration of

people gets interrupted and stopped due

to intervening obstacles or intervening

opportunities intervening obstacles are

negative situations or events that

hinder migration and end up preventing

migrants from reaching their final

destination for example if a migrant ran

out of money to to complete their

migration or are denied entry to an area

due to immigration policy while

intervening opportunities are positive

situations or events that hinder

migration and end up preventing migrants

from reaching their final destination

for example if you're on your way to

your destination but you find a job

offer in the area you are driving

through and decide to take the job just

remember that intervening obstacles are

negative situations and intervening

opportunities are positive situations

both end up preventing the migrant from

reaching their final destination now

that we've reviewed the different push

and pull factors think back to the

question at the start of this video what

push and pull factors exist for where

you live now and what factors made you

choose your answer let me know in the

comment section below your answer and

your reasoning and just like that

another topic review video is down now

comes the time to practice what we've

learned answer the questions on the

screen and check your answers in the

comments section down below also if you

found value in this video consider

subscribing and checking out my ultimate

review packet it's a great resource

that'll help you get an in your class

into five on that National exam as

always geographers I'm Mr sin and I'll

see you next time online