Cell Division: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Summary
TLDRThis video script delves into the distinctions between cell division in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, undergo binary fission, a simpler process involving cell elongation, DNA replication, and division without a defined nucleus or organelles. In contrast, eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, experience mitosis—a more complex process with stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, where DNA condenses into chromosomes and is organized by spindle fibers. Both processes result in two cells with identical DNA, but mitosis is characterized by the presence of chromosomes and spindles, reflecting the complexity of eukaryotic cells.
Takeaways
- 🧬 Procaryotic cells, like bacteria, are simpler and lack a defined nucleus and organelles, whereas Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, are more complex.
- 🔄 Binary fission is the cell division process in procaryotic cells, which is simpler compared to mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
- 📈 In binary fission, the cell first elongates, then the DNA replicates, followed by the division of the cell wall and plasma membrane, and finally, the cell pinches off into two separate cells.
- 🔎 The DNA in procaryotic cells remains disorganized during division, unlike in eukaryotic cells where it condenses into chromosomes.
- 🌐 Mitosis is the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells, involving stages like prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, which are not present in binary fission.
- 🧬 During mitosis, chromosomes condense, align at the cell's center, separate, and the nuclear membrane reforms around the new nuclei.
- 🌟 Eukaryotic cells have more DNA, which is why the process of mitosis is more complex and involves structures like spindle fibers to organize the DNA.
- 🔑 Both binary fission and mitosis result in the replication of DNA and the division of the cell into two new cells, each with the same DNA.
- 🔍 The key differences between binary fission and mitosis include the presence of chromosomes and spindles in mitosis, which are absent in binary fission.
- 📚 Understanding the similarities and differences between binary fission and mitosis is crucial for comprehending cell division processes and may be a focus in evaluations.
Q & A
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
-Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler and lack a defined nucleus and organelles except for the ribosome. Eukaryotic cells, found in organisms like plants, animals, and fungi, are more complex and have a defined nucleus and various organelles.
What is the process of cell division in prokaryotic cells called?
-The process of cell division in prokaryotic cells is called binary fission.
How does the cell prepare for binary fission?
-In binary fission, the cell first elongates and replicates its DNA, resulting in two copies of DNA.
What happens during the division phase of binary fission?
-During the division phase of binary fission, the cell wall and plasma membrane begin to divide, separating the two copies of DNA into two distinct sections.
How does the cell complete the binary fission process?
-The cell wall forms and closes around each section of DNA, and then the two sections pinch off, resulting in two new cells with identical DNA.
What is the term for the structure that separates the two sections of DNA during binary fission?
-The term for the structure that separates the two sections of DNA during binary fission is the cross wall.
What is the name of the cell division process in eukaryotic cells?
-The name of the cell division process in eukaryotic cells is mitosis.
What is the significance of chromosomes during mitosis in eukaryotic cells?
-Chromosomes are the condensed form of DNA during mitosis in eukaryotic cells, which allows for organized and efficient cell division due to the higher amount and complexity of DNA.
What role do spindles play in mitosis?
-Spindles are the string-like structures that move chromosomes around during mitosis, generated by the centrosome, and they help in aligning and separating chromosomes.
How does the process of DNA replication differ between binary fission and mitosis?
-In both binary fission and mitosis, DNA is replicated to ensure each new cell receives a copy. However, in binary fission, the DNA remains uncondensed, while in mitosis, DNA condenses into chromosomes.
What are the two key similarities between binary fission and mitosis?
-The two key similarities between binary fission and mitosis are that DNA is copied in both processes, and the cell divides to form two new cells at the end.
Outlines
🔬 Cell Division in Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
This video segment introduces the differences in cell division between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler and lack a defined nucleus and organelles except for ribosomes. In contrast, eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, are more complex. The video focuses on eukaryotic cell division but starts with prokaryotic division, specifically binary fission, to highlight the simplicity compared to mitosis in eukaryotes. Binary fission involves cell elongation, DNA replication, division of the cell wall and plasma membrane, and finally, the formation of two separate cells with identical DNA. A transmission electron image illustrates the disorganized appearance of prokaryotic DNA during division. The segment ends with a brief mention of mitosis in eukaryotic cells, noting the more complex process involving visible steps like chromosome formation, alignment, and separation, which are not present in prokaryotic cells.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Procaryotic cells
💡Eukaryotic cells
💡Binary fission
💡Mitosis
💡Chromosomes
💡Spindle fibers
💡DNA replication
💡Cell wall
💡Plasma membrane
💡Cleavage furrow
Highlights
Procaryotic cells, such as bacteria, are simpler and lack a defined nucleus and organelles except for ribosomes.
Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, and fungi, are more complex and have a defined nucleus and various organelles.
Binary fission is the cell division process in procaryotic cells, which is simpler compared to mitosis in eukaryotic cells.
In binary fission, the procaryotic cell first elongates and its DNA is replicated.
The cell wall and plasma membrane then begin to divide, segregating the replicated DNA.
The cell wall forms and closes around the separated DNA sections in procaryotic cells.
The final step in binary fission is the pinching off of the two sections, resulting in two new cells with identical DNA.
Transmission electron images reveal the disorganized appearance of DNA in procaryotic cells during binary fission.
Mitosis is the cell division process in eukaryotic cells, involving more complex steps than binary fission.
During mitosis, eukaryotic cells undergo stages including prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Eukaryotic cells have chromosomes that condense from DNA during cell division, unlike the uncondensed DNA in procaryotic cells.
Spindle fibers, generated by the centrosome, play a crucial role in organizing chromosome separation in mitosis.
In contrast to the organized spindle fibers in mitosis, DNA in procaryotic cells simply moves to the cell poles during binary fission.
Both binary fission and mitosis involve DNA replication and cell division, but the processes differ in complexity and organization.
The video emphasizes the importance of understanding the similarities and differences between binary fission and mitosis for educational evaluations.
Transcripts
this video is about the difference
between cell division in procaryotic and
in eukariotic cells if you remember from
back on the chapter when we were
studying cell types procaryotic cells
are simpler things like bacteria that
don't have a defined nucleus and don't
have defined organel aside from the
ribosome whereas eukaryotic cells are
more complex things like the cells in
plants animals fungus you know things
like that uh for the most part we're
going to be focused on cell division in
eukariotic cells but in order to
appreciate the complexities of this we
have to look at the way it works in
procaryotic cells as well so we'll start
with that um this process that happens
in procaryotic cells is called binary
fision and this is different from the
process of mitosis that we'll be looking
at in eukaryotic cells in that it's a
lot more simplistic so if we just go
through the different steps here the
first thing that happens is the cell
elongates it gets a little bit bigger
and the DNA is replicated which means
that it's copied so we got a new set of
DNA the next thing to happen is that the
cell wall and the plasma membrane begin
to divide so you can see here that the
one copy of DNA is now on the right the
other copy of DNA is on the left uh in
step three the cell wall begins to form
and it completely closes around that
section of DNA so it's now stuck in one
half of the cell and then the last step
these two sections pinch off the cell
sep separate and now at the end we have
two new cells with the exact same DNA in
each one um on the right hand side over
here is a transmission electron image of
this process happening you can see the
DNA still kind of like a clustered mess
and that was one of the things that sort
of defined procaryotic cells they don't
have these organel on the inside of them
to give them structure so it's kind of
disorganized and messy looking the cross
wall is beginning to form which is the
term for like the section that kind of
cuts off the the two sections of DNA one
on each side of the new cell so a binary
fion is very simple the same general
principles are followed here as the r in
mitosis the idea that the DNA is copied
and then eventually you end up with two
separate cells it's just the process in
between it's like all this middle stuff
that's different between the two steps
uh to give you a good appreciation for
this we'll take a look at what happens
in eukariotic cells we're going to spend
a lot of time on this process as we work
our way through the chapter so I'm not
going to get into too many Det details
with you right now but mitosis is the
name for the uh actual steps that look
different inside of the cell during cell
division if you remember from the the
cell division video there's much more to
division than just mitosis but this is
the stuff you can actually see when
you're looking under the microscope you
know during innerphase a lot of things
are happening during SASE the DNA is
copied uh then during prophase you can
actually see the DNA condensed down into
these things called chromosomes so
that's something that didn't happen in
the procaryotic cell the DNA just kind
of stayed this jumbled mess uh the
reason they have to condense down is
eukariotic cells have a lot more DNA
they're much more complicated and in
order to move things through the process
of division in an organized fashion the
DNA has to be condensed down into
chromosomes then they line up in the
middle of the cell during metaphase they
pull apart during anaphase then during
telophase the nuclear membrane starts to
reform around our two uh new nuclei and
then you can see here we get What's
called the cleavage Furrow in between
the two sides of the cell uh that's
eventually going to pinch together in
cyto canis where we eventually have two
new cells at the end so it's the same
general idea we're starting with one
cell DNA gets copied we end up with two
new cells at the end the middle steps
are just much more complicated in
mitosis because eukariotic cells are
more complicated and they have more DNA
to deal
with uh just to compare these two
processes a little bit some of the
differences in mitosis you have
chromosomes whereas in binary fision
what's going on in those procaryotic
cells the DNA is uncondensed the other
thing for mitosis are the spindles those
were the little string-like structures
that were moving the chromosomes around
they're generated by the centreal and
that's what kind of pushes the
chromosomes around during the process of
of cell division in binary fision the
DNA just moves to the poles it moves to
like either sides of the cell and it's
not nearly as organized or as structured
in the way that process is happening
uh final thing is just to talk about
some similarities two things they both
have the DNA is copied in both instances
which makes sense because the new cell
requires that DNA and the cell does
divide at the end although the process
for that happening looks a little bit
different in both of these uh it's good
to know some similarities and
differences for these two that's
probably what you're going to see coming
up on evaluations about this kind of uh
this part of the chapter so as always
thank you for watching and I'll see you
in class
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