How to Name Acids: Examples and Practice
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script guides viewers through the process of naming acids, focusing on simple and oxyacids. It explains the systematic approach using a flowchart, starting with HCl and H2S, emphasizing exceptions like sulfur's 'ur' retention. The script then delves into oxyacids, requiring a common ion table for polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-. Examples include naming HNO3 as nitric acid and H2SO4 as sulfuric acid, with attention to hydrogen's role in determining the ion's charge. The video aims to simplify acid nomenclature for general chemistry learners.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Naming acids involves recognizing patterns and memorizing a few exceptions.
- 📝 For simple acids like HCl, the name follows the pattern 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid'.
- 🌐 The flow chart is a useful tool for systematically naming acids based on their composition.
- 💧 Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is an example of a simple acid named using the standard pattern.
- ⚠️ Sulfur is a notable exception; in H2S, 'hydrosulfuric acid' is corrected to 'hydrosulfuric acid' by retaining the 'ur'.
- 🌐 For acids like HF, the name is formed by 'hydro' + element stem + 'ic' + 'acid', resulting in 'hydrofluoric acid'.
- 🌀 Oxyacids, which contain oxygen and more than two elements, are named using a different set of rules involving polyatomic ions.
- 📊 A common ion table is essential for naming oxyacids, as it lists the names of polyatomic ions like NO3- and SO42-.
- 🔬 The name for HNO3 is 'nitric acid', derived from the 'nitrate' ion, following the pattern of replacing 'ate' with 'ic' and adding 'acid'.
- ✏️ For H2SO4, the sulfate ion is identified, and the name 'sulfuric acid' is formed by adjusting the stem and adding 'acid', with the 'ur' retained for sulfur.
- 📚 The script provides a basic definition of acids as substances that release H+ ions in water, influencing the pH of the solution.
Q & A
What is the first step in naming acids according to the script?
-The first step in naming acids is to identify if there are two different elements present, which leads to using the prefix 'hydro' followed by the stem of the second element.
How is hydrochloric acid (HCl) named using the flowchart?
-Hydrochloric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'chlor' from chlorine, removing the 'ine', and adding 'ic' to form 'hydrochloric', then appending 'acid'.
What exception is mentioned for sulfur when naming H2S?
-For H2S, the exception is that the 'ur' from sulfur must be retained in the name, resulting in 'hydrosulfuric acid' instead of just 'hydrosulfic acid'.
How is hydrofluoric acid (HF) named?
-Hydrofluoric acid is named by starting with 'hydro', taking the stem 'fluor' from fluorine, removing the 'ine', adding 'ic' to form 'hydrofluoric', then appending 'acid'.
What is the definition of an acid used in the script?
-In the script, an acid is defined as a substance that gives off H+ ions (hydrogen ions) when dissolved in water.
What is the significance of the pH scale mentioned in the script?
-The pH scale is significant as it measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, indicating the concentration of H+ ions present.
How are oxyacids different from simple acids?
-Oxyacids are different from simple acids because they contain three different elements including oxygen, and they are named using rules that involve looking up polyatomic ions in a common ion table.
What is the name of the acid formed by HNO3 according to the script?
-The acid formed by HNO3 is named 'nitric acid', which is derived from the nitrate ion found in the common ion table.
Why is it necessary to use a common ion table when naming oxyacids?
-A common ion table is necessary for naming oxyacids because it lists polyatomic ions, which are ions with more than one element like NO3 or SO4, and these ions are not easily identified from the periodic table alone.
How is the name 'sulfuric acid' derived for H2SO4?
-For H2SO4, the name 'sulfuric acid' is derived by identifying the sulfate ion from the common ion table, using the rule to cross out the 'ate' and add 'ic', and then including the 'ur' back for sulfur as an exception.
What is the name of the acid formed by HNO2, and how is it named?
-The acid formed by HNO2 is named 'nitrous acid', which comes from the nitrite ion found in the common ion table, and the name is formed by changing 'ite' to 'ous' and appending 'acid'.
Outlines
🔍 Naming Simple Acids
This paragraph introduces the systematic approach to naming simple acids, which is crucial for understanding basic chemistry concepts. It begins with the example of hydrochloric acid (HCl), explaining the process of deriving its name from the elements hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl). The flowchart method is used, which involves writing the prefix 'hydro', modifying the stem of the second element (removing the 'ine' from 'chlorine' to get 'chlor'), and adding 'ic' to form 'hydrochloric'. The paragraph also covers the naming of H2S and HF, with a special note on the exception for sulfur, which requires retaining the 'ur' in the name, resulting in 'hydrosulfuric acid'. The video emphasizes the importance of recognizing patterns and exceptions for effective acid naming.
🧪 Understanding Oxyacids and Naming Conventions
This paragraph delves into the naming of oxyacids, which are acids containing three different elements, including oxygen. It uses the example of nitric acid (HNO3) to illustrate the process, highlighting the use of a common ion table to identify the polyatomic ion NO3- as 'nitrate'. The paragraph explains the rules for naming oxyacids, such as changing the ending of the ion name to 'ic' when the acid ends with 'ate' and 'ous' when it ends with 'ite'. The video also covers the naming of other oxyacids like sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitrous acid (HNO2), and sulfurous acid (H2SO3), with a special mention of the need to include 'ur' in the name for sulfur-containing acids. The paragraph concludes with the naming of perchloric acid (HClO4), reinforcing the method of using the common ion table and adjusting the stem of the acid name according to the rules. The video serves as an educational resource for mastering the nomenclature of acids in general chemistry.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Flow Chart
💡Hydro
💡Stem
💡Ic/Ick
💡Exceptions
💡Oxyacids
💡Polyatomic Ions
💡Common Ion Table
💡Nitric Acid
💡Sulfuric Acid
💡pH
Highlights
Naming acids involves learning patterns and exceptions for easy identification.
HCl is named hydrochloric acid by using the prefix 'hydro' and the stem 'chlor' with the suffix 'ic'.
H2S is named hydrosulfuric acid, with a special exception to include 'ur' in the name.
HF is named hydrofluoric acid by following the standard naming pattern for acids.
Acids are defined as substances that release H+ ions when dissolved in water.
pH measures the acidity of a solution based on the concentration of H+ ions.
Oxyacids are acids containing oxygen and require a different naming approach.
HNO3 is named nitric acid by referencing the common ion table for the nitrate ion.
H2SO4 is named sulfuric acid, with an exception to include 'ur' for sulfur in the name.
HNO2 is named nitrous acid, following the naming pattern for oxyacids with the nitrite ion.
HSO3 is named sulfurous acid, with a careful consideration of the sulfur naming exception.
HClO4 is named perchloric acid, using the perchlorate ion from the common ion table.
A flow chart is a useful tool for systematically naming simple acids.
The stem of an element's name is modified by removing the ending and adding 'ic' or 'ous' for acid naming.
Exceptions in acid naming, such as sulfur retaining 'ur', are crucial for accurate identification.
The common ion table is essential for naming oxyacids, which contain polyatomic ions.
The video provides a basic definition of acids used in general chemistry courses.
The process of naming acids involves understanding the role of hydrogen ions in defining acidity.
Transcripts
naming acids is all about patterns if
you learn the pattern a few exceptions
and you're good to go we'll use this
flow chart here to name some simple
acids the type you'll see in a general
chemistry course we'll start with the
classic hcl for hcl we have two
different elements h and cl so we're
going to use this part of our flowchart
we start by writing the prefix hydro
then we take the stem so we'll take the
element chlorine
and we'll take the ine off and that'll
leave us with our stem
chlor and then we add ic
we write acid
and we're done that's the name for hcl
hydrochloric acid
so give these two a try using the flow
chart we have h2s and then hf
for h2s we have h and s so we have two
different elements so we'll use this
part of the table
so we write hydro
and then we write sulfur
but we're going to cross out the ending
and change that to ick and then write
the name acid
that leads us with hydrosulfic acid
there's a bit of a problem though
sulfur is an exception and we'll see it
quite a bit with sulfur we have to leave
the ur in the name so we have to put
that ur back
here
and that makes the name for h2s
hydrosulfuric
acid
we'll see sulfur again several times so
this is a good exception to remember for
hf we have two elements again so we
write hydro then for f we go to the
periodic table we look it up fluorine we
remove the ine and then we add ick to
the stem there
add the word acid and we're done
hydrofluoric acid is the name for hf
in this video we're using a basic
definition for acids it's the one used
in general chemistry and that's that
when we put acids in water they give off
nh plus ion we call it the hydrogen ion
so i take something like hcl i put it in
water it dissolves and we get h plus in
cl minus the h plus is what makes it an
acid so we think about ph tells us how
acidic something is the h that stands
for how many h plus ions there are in
that solution
so let's move on to what we call
oxyacids acids with three different
elements
we'll start with the vicious hno3 we
have h n and o that means we're going to
be using this part of the flow chart
note that we have three different
elements and we also have oxygen these
are called oxyacids and we name them
using these rules
for these oxyacids the periodic table's
not really going to help us we need to
use what's called a common ion table
this is a table that lists polyatomic
ions these are ions like no3 or so4 they
have more than one element involved so
we have this no3 here and we're going to
look it up on the common ion table
usually you're given one of these common
ion tables in class or in tests check
with your teacher though to be sure
so we have h the plus sign
no3 therefore it needs a minus sign so
we're going to look up no3 minus on the
common ion table so we have polyatomic
cations those are the positive ones
anions those are negative we have
negative one and we're looking for no3
minus
and here we go no3 minus is the nitrate
ion so we'll remember nitrate and go
back to our flow chart we write nitrate
and then we look at our flow chart we
see that if it ends with eight we're
going to use this rule right here so we
have the stem
and then
ick so we get rid of the eight that
leaves us with our stem and itr and now
we write ick next we write acid and
we're done nitric acid is the name for
hno3
so give this one a try h2so4
for h2so4 we have one two
three different elements one of them is
oxygen so we have an oxyacid and we use
this part of our flow chart we have our
polyatomic ion here this so4 and we'll
need to look on the common ion table
since hydrogen is a plus one two times
plus one will have a plus two the so4 is
going to be a two miles so on the common
ion table we're looking for so4 two
minus we'll go down the table we see we
have the negative one polyatomic ions
there's the negative two
and
so4 two minus is the sulfate ion so we
remember sulfate go back to our flow
chart we write sulfate
we have eight so we're going to use this
rule right here we'll cross out the
eight and change it to ick and then we
write acid hopefully you remember that
sulfur is an exception and we need to
include that ur in the name so let's put
that back
and the name for h2so4 is sulfuric acid
for hno2 we have our three elements and
we have this no2 so this is plus one on
the h so this is going to be no2 minus
we look it up on the common ion table
and we'll find out that it's called the
nitrite ion so we write nitrite
and now that we have the ending ite
we'll use this rule here we're going to
change it to ous so we cross out the ite
and write ous and then we write acid so
the name for hno2 is nitrous acid
if we had hno3 with a nitrate it would
be nitric acid
give this one a try and don't let me
trick you with sulfur this time
we have our three elements and we have
this so3 here we know that hydrogens
plus one we have two of them so plus two
we'll look up so3 2 minus on the common
ion table and we'll find that it's
self-i so let's write that
we'll cross out the ite and write o u
s and add acid then we'll remember that
we have to have the ur in there for
sulfur and we'll fix it
and that gives us the name sulfurous
acid for h2so3
we'll wrap up with hclo4 because it
gives people problems sometimes we name
it the same as the other oxyacids so we
look at the h that's a positive we know
that the clo4 is going to have a -1
charge we look it up and we find out
that it's per chlorate so we write
perchlorate and from there it's the same
thing we've been doing we cross out
eight write in ick
and right acid
this is dr b with some basic rules for
naming acids and thanks for watching
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